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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1951

Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey publications relating to coal, 1882-1949

All publications of the U. S. Geological Survey relating to coal published prior to January 1, 1950, are listed in the following Bibliography and in an Index beginning on page 18. The Bibliography gives complete titles of reports, listed numerically under several series headings as follows: Annual Reports, Monographs, Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water Supply Papers, Mineral Resources, Geologic Folios, Circulars, Regulations, Press Notices, and Maps not otherwise classified. The Index lists the publications alphabetically under state headings by counties, districts, and fields. The use of the Index will permit rapid selection of reports describing specific areas.

Circular↗
USGS1974

Geological Survey published reports on Alaska, 1940-1959, indexed by quadrangle

Geological Survey reports published as Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water Supply Papers, and Circulars are listed by the quadrangles (scale 1:250,000) into which Alaska has been divided for topographic mapping (p. 2). This index does not include reports that deal only with administrative matters or that were placed in open files but not formally published. Reports that deal with Alaska as a whole, with areas that cannot be identified with any specific quadrangle, or with offshore areas that are not within quadrangle boundaries, or that consist mainly of statistical data on the quality or quantity of water are listed under ALASKA - GENERAL, as are bibliographies, indexes, and similar publications. The ALASKA - GENERAL list appears before the alphabetically arranged quadrangle listings.

Alaska↗
USGS1974

Geological Survey published reports on Alaska, 1915-1939, indexed by quadrangle

Geological Survey reports published as Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water Supply Papers, and Circulars are listed by the quadrangles (scale 1:250,000) into which Alaska has been divided for topographic mapping (p. 3). This index does not include reports that deal only with administrative matters or that were placed in open files but not formally published. Reports that deal with Alaska as a whole, with areas that can not be identified with any specific quadrangle, or with offshore areas that are not within quadrangle boundaries, or that consist mainly of statistical data on the quality or quantity of water are listed under ALASKAGENERAL, as are bibliographies, indexes, and similar publications. The ALASKA - GENERAL list appears before the alphabetically arranged quadrangle listings.

Alaska↗
USGS1974

Geological Survey published reports on Alaska, 1884-1914, indexed by quadrangle

Geological Survey reports published as Annual Reports, Monographs, Special Reports, Professional Papers, Bulletins, and Water Supply Papers are listed by the quadrangles (scale 1:250,000) into which Alaska has been divided for topographic mapping (p. 2). This index does not include any reports that deal solely with administrative matters. Reports that deal with Alaska as a whole or with areas that can not be identified with any specific quadrangle are listed under ALASKA - GENERAL, as are bibliographies, indexes, and similar publications. The ALASKAGENERAL list appears before the alphabetically arranged quadrangle listings.

Alaska↗
USGS1962

Geology and ground-water resources of west-central Lewis County, Washington

Lewis County lies within the Puget Trough section of the Pacific Border physiographic province. The west-central part of the county, an irregularly shaped area of about 830 square miles, contains the bulk of the county's population and virtually all of its ground-water development. It occupies the central part of a structural and topographic basin surrounded by well-dissected hills, which rise as much as 2,000 feet above the flood plains of the major streams. The area is drained by two major river systems, the Chehalis-Newaukum and the Cowlitz.

Washington↗
USGS1963

Geology and ground-water resources of northwestern King County, Washington

King County, in the west-central part of the State of Washington, includes about 2,135 square miles. The eastern part of the county lies in the Sierra-Cascade Mountains province and the remainder is in the Puget Trough of the Pacific Border province. The area covered by the present investigation is almost entirely within the Puget Trough and includes about 450 square miles.

Washington↗
USGS1974

Digital-model study of ground-water hydrology, Columbia Basin Irrigation Project Area, Washington

Since 1952 water diverted from the Columbia River at Grand Coulee Dam has been used to irrigate parts of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project area in eastern Washington, and as a result ground-water levels generally have risen in the area. The rapid increases in ground-water inflow, outflow, and storage from irrigation have created a need for a better understanding of the ground-water system before and after the start of irrigation to establish guidelines necessary for management of the area's ground-water resource. Data and information from previous geologic and hydrologic studies were used as a basis for quantitative analyses of ground-water inflow and outflow by means of digital computer models representing three major areas--Quincy Basin, Pasco Basin, and Royal Slope.

Washington↗
USGS1965

Geology and ground-water resources of the Walla Walla River basin Washington-Oregon

The Walla Walla River, whose drainage basin of about 1,330 square miles lies astride the Washington-Oregon boundary, drains westward to empty into the Columbia River. The basin slopes from the 5,000-foot crest of the Blue Mountains through a structural and topographic basin to the terraced lands adjoining the Columbia River at an altitude of about 340 feet. The main unit of the topographic basin is the valley plain, commonly called the Walla Walla Valley, which descends from about 1,500 feet at the foot of the mountain slopes to about 500 feet in altitude where the river cuts through the bedrock ridge near Divide. In the Blue Mountains the streams flow in rockbound canyons. Beyond the canyons, near Milton-Freewater and Walla Walla, they pass onto the broad alluvial fans and the terrace lands of the valley.

Washington, Oregon↗
USGS1968

Ground-water resources of Island County with a section on quality of the ground water

The population of Island County has grown from 6,700 in 1940 to about 22,000 in 1964, causing a corresponding increase in the demand for water. Ground water is the only significant source of water within the county. Average annual precipitation ranges from less than 20 to more than 40 inches, and is the only recharge to the ground-water body.

Washington↗
USGS1970

Geology and ground-water resources of Linn County, Iowa

Linn County, in east-central Iowa, covers about 713 square miles and lies in the Western Young Drift section of the Central Lowlands physiographic province. The normal annual rainfall in the county is about 88 inches and the annual mean temperature is about 48°F. The population in 1960 was 136,899, of which 75 percent was urban. Ground water is a vital natural resource in Linn County-all municipal, farm-domestic, livestock, and most industrial supplies are obtained from this source. An estimated 24 mgd (million gallons per day) of ground water was used in the county in 1964. The principal aquifers are alluvium, buried channel deposits, Silurian-Devonian limestones and dolomites, and the Jordan Sandstone. All yield fair-to-good quality water, although the water is hard and locally contains high concentrations of iron. All are capable of yielding as much as 500 gallons or more per minute to wells. Alluvium has been developed for water supplies only at Cedar Rapids, where withdrawals in 1964 averaged 12 mgd for municipal supplies and 2.7 mgd for industrial supplies. The alluvial aquifer yields up to 2,000 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells in the Cedar Rapids well field. Similar yields from alluvium may be available along several reaches of the Cedar and Wapsipinicon Rivers. Smaller quantities are available from the alluvium of Prairie Creek. Alluvial aquifers are readily recharged by precipitation and induced infiltration. Buried channel deposits occur in preglacial or interglacial valleys that were carved into the bedrock. These old valleys, whose trends roughly parallel the present Cedar River and Prairie Creek, contain water-bearing alluvial deposits that are covered by glacial drift. Data from a few wells tapping these deposits indicate that yields of up to 500 gpm of good-quality water are available from this source. The most favorable areas for development of water supplies are those areas where the channel deposits underlie and receive recharge from the alluvium of the Cedar River and Prairie Creek. The Silurian-Devonian aquifer's county-wide occurrence, near-surface position, and ability to yield as much as several hundred gallons per minute of good-quality water makes it the most widely used aquifer in Linn County. During 1960-64, withdrawals averaged about 1.5 mgd for domestic-livestock use, about 0.6 mgd for small community use, and about 4 mgd for industrial-commercial use. Withdrawals are concentrated in the Cedar Rapids area, where 65 percent of the withdrawals from the aquifer occur. This concentrated pumpage has caused a progressive lowering of the aquifer's piezometric surface in downtown Cedar Rapids. During the past 70 years, water levels in wells in this locality have declined about 105 feet in the center of the cone of depression and about 26 feet about one mile from the cone's center. Water level in the center of the cone presently is declining at an average rate of 1 foot per year. Because the rate of decline in the same area was determined to have been 2 to 3 feet per year during the 1940's and 50's, the cone is believed to be stabilizing or pumpage is being reduced. The aquifer probably could withstand an additional 150 to 200 feet of piezometric lowering in the Cedar Rapids area, but individual wells would be adversely affected. The Jordan aquifer, which underlies the entire county, is considered to be the most isotropic and homogeneous aquifer in Linn County. Yields of 1,000 gpm or more of fair-to-good quality water from this source are believed to be available anywhere in the county. The aquifer is not yet developed extensively; an average of about 2.4 mgd was pumped during 1964 for industrial and municipal use in the Cedar Rapids-Marion area. The shallow bedrock and glacial drift aquifers yield only small quantities of good quality water. Their widespread extent and shallow depth, however, make them suitable for the development of small supplies for domestic and livestock use.

Iowa↗
USGS1977

Geohydrology of Muscatine Island, Muscatine County, Iowa

Muscatine Island is a wide segment of the west bank of the Mississippi River flood plain that covers about 50 square miles in Muscatine and Louisa Counties; the project area encompasses the 30 square miles in Muscatine County. The flood plain is underlain by thick, permeable alluvial deposits that comprise a water-table aquifer that is developed extensively for water supplies in the area. The aquifer consists principally of sand and gravel, interbedded with lenses of silt and clay. Its saturated thickness ranges from about 40 to 140 feet. The transmissivity and storage coefficients of the aquifer range from about 20,000 ft. 2 /day and 0.15. respectively, in the western part of the Island to about 39,500 ft.2/day and 0.24 in the eastern part. The amount of water stored in the aquifer, under normal conditions, is about 100 billion gallons. Discharge from the aquifer is principally by pumpage, which has increased from about 1 mgd (million gallons per day) in 1906 to about 37 mgd in 1970. About 2.5 mgd is normally lost to seepage and evapotranspiration along a 9-mile reach of Muscatine Slough in Muscatine County. About 0.9 mgd is discharged by evaporation from gravel pits. Recharge to the aquifer is by induced infiltration from the Mississippi River, seepage from the river during major flood events, precipitation, and seepage from the underlying limestone bedrock. Induced infiltration provides about 80 to 85 percent of the water withdrawn from the principal pumping centers along the river and also replaces about 70 to 80 percent of the water that is evaporated from the gravel pits; this amounted to about 30 mgd in 1971. Additional significant recharge from the river occurs during major floods, when prolonged high stages provide the head for considerable underflow to the aquifer. Recharge from precipitation on the Island was calculated to average about 6inches per year or about 0.3 mgd per square mile. Seepage from bedrock is significant and is attributed to the increased head differential between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the areas of major pumping. The chemical constituents of water from the aquifer are generally within the recommended limits established by the U. S. Public Health Service for drinking water. Stresses on the hydrologic system have affected the position and configuration of the water table and the chemical quality of the ground water. The large-scale withdrawals, which began at the principal pumping centers in 1946, have caused the water table to decline from about 1 foot in the interior of the Island to about 5 feet near the edges of the main pumping centers; the decline was more than 8 feet under the pumping centers. A slight increase in hardness of water from riverward wells in the pumping centers is attributed to the induced infiltration of slightly harder river water; a noticeable increase in hardness and iron content in water from landward wells is attributed to seepage of water from the bedrock. In the central irrigated area, which is underlain by very permeable, highly drained soils that are mulched with organic fertilizers, the nitrate content of the ground water is as high as 46 mg/l (milligrams per liter). Land-use practices have had, and probably will continue to have, an impact on the quality and quantity of water available in the system. The hydrologic system in 1971 was in dynamic equilibrium or in near-equilibrium with the stresses imposed on it to that date. This equilibrium would be disturbed by any additional stresses on the system and water levels would change until a new equilibrium was established. The effects of future stresses can be reasonably predicted by developing a digital model of the system. The data to develop such a model are available in this report. Continued and expanded monitoring of water levels would provide data for better model verification. Periodic monitoring of nitrate and other chemical constituents would permit early detection of changes in concentration before the concentrations reached excessive levels.

Iowa↗
USGS1942

Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940

As a result of the need for basic data and the lack of a current and convenient summary concerning the surface-water resources of Iowa, a synoptic inventory has been prepared as a part of the present State-wide program which is made possible by State and Federal cooperative action. These hydrologic data are assembled in abbreviated form for the convenient* of the public and in order that a current State report containing stream-flow records under one cover will be more readily accessible for Iowa. This inventory is here presented in the form of a brief compilation report which summarizes results of stream-flow measurements relating to Iowa streams through out the years during which local. State and Federal agencies have cooperated in Iowa with the water resources branch of the United States Geological Survey. The principal basic data consist of concise summaries for gaging stations in Iowa and certain relevant locations adjacent thereto for which records for five or more complete years have been collected. These summaries include a comprehensive description and history of each station followed by a table giving in convenient form and for general use the figures of maximum and minimum daily dis charge and yearly mean discharge and runoff for the water and calendar years of record. In addition, approximately 300 miscellaneous discharge measurements, which have been made within the State of Iowa, am included in an original and convenient listing. A summary of maximum discharges at LIS places is also given together with other data pertinent to flood flow in Iowa.

Iowa↗
USGS1944

Surface water resources of Iowa for the period October 1, 1940 to September 30, 1942

The State and Federal cooperative program for the systematic collection of stream-flow records in Iowa was initiated in L914, although a few records were obtained by special arrangements during an earlier period. Since the beginning of the cooperative program measurements of stage or discharge have been obtained at about 100 stations on Iowa streams and lakes for periods of various lengths. The longest records are those for the Mississippi River at Le Claire and Keokuk where authenticated data have been used to extend the record back to 1873 with decreasing accuracy for the earlier years. In addition to the records of daily stages or discharges, hundreds of measurements of a miscellaneous character also have been made at other points.

Iowa↗
USGS1955

Geology and ground-water resources of Webster County, Iowa

Webster County, comprising an area of 718 square miles just northwest of the center of Iowa, had a population of 44,241 in 1950, with 25,115 in Fort Dodge, the principal city. Some 94.4 percent of the county is in farm land; corn is the principal crop and is used in the raising of hogs and cattle, an important occupation in this part of the country. Mineral products include gypsum, clay, coal, sand, gravel and limestone. The mean annual precipitation at Fort Dodge is 31.21 inches, of which more than 3 inches normally occurs during each of the months May, June, July, August, and September. The average number of growing days is 150. The warmest month generally is July; during December, January, and February the average temperature normally is below freezing. The upland area, comprising over 80 percent of the county, is mostly a gently undulating, slightly eroded glacial-drift plain. Morainal hills of low relief occur in the extreme southern and northern parts of the county. The Des Moines River flows through the county from north to south and, together with its tributaries, drains the entire county except the southwestern part, which is tributary to the Raccoon River. The Des Moines River has cut a deep, narrow valley about 90 feet below the upland in the northern part of the county and about 220 feet below the upland in the southern part. The tributary streams commonly have shallow valleys more than a few miles back from the Des Moines River. Glacial deposits of Pleistocene age, ranging in thickness from 50 feet in the north to 175 feet in the south, mantle the indurated rocks over all the upland area, but indurated rocks ranging in age from Mississippian to Cretaceous are exposed in places along the valleys of the Des Moines River and its tributaries.

Iowa↗
USGS1961

Geology and ground-water resources of Clayton County, Iowa

Clayton County includes 784 square miles in northeastern Iowa and in 1960 had a population of 21, 962. For the most part, the county is a dissected upland that is drained mainly by the southeastward flowing Turkey River and its principal tributary, the Volga River. The Turkey River empties into the Mississippi River, which flows southward along the eastern border of the county. The climate is humid continental, and the average annual precipitation is 33.01 inches. The economy of the county is based on farming and the raising of livestock. The natural resources of the county include soil, water, rock, sand, and timber.

Iowa↗
USGS1970

Geology and ground-water resources of Cerro Gordo County, Iowa

The basic geologic framework underlying Cerro Gordo County consists of an igneous or metamorphic Precambrian basement complex overlain by, in ascending order, consolidated sedimentary rocks of Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian, Mississippian, and Cretaceous age, and unconsolidated sand, gravel, and clay of Quaternary age. Structurally the county is in the northern part of the Iowan Basin, and the sedimentary units of Cambrian through Devonian age dip southward at 9 to 14 feet per mile. Three major glacial advances, the Nebraskan, Kansan, and Wisconsin, covered all or part of the county during the Pleistocene Epoch and left behind glacial drift consisting of 0 to 125 feet of till and related outwash deposits. De posits of Holocene age, aside from surficial soil, are thin and scattered. Ground water occurs in the sedimentary units of Cambrian through Mississippian age and in the glacial drift and outwash deposits of Quaternary age. The chief aquifers, in ascending order, are the deep Cambrian sandstones, Jordan aquifer, St. Peter Sandstone, Devonian and Mississippian limestones and dolomites, and the Pleistocene glacial drift and related interglacial deposits. Units between the St. Peter Sandstone and the Devonian limestones, the Platteville, Decorah, Galena, and Maquoketa Formations, are of low permeability and are considered to be an aquiclude in comparison to the overlying and under lying units. The deep Cambrian sandstones will yield about 60 gpm (gallons per minute) to an individual well; the Jordan aquifer about 1,200 gpm; the St. Peter Sandstone 30 to 200 gpm; the Devonian limestones and dolomites 120 to 200 gpm; and the glacial outwash or shallow bedrock generally will yield 10 gpm or more. The Jordan aquifer supplies large quantities of water for municipal and industrial use at Mason City. Pumping tests on wells tapping the Jordan in that area show that the aquifer has a transmissibility of about 35,000 gallons per day per foot and a storage coefficient of 2 x 10 -4 Pumping in the Mason City area from 1912 to 1969 has produced about 200 feet of draw down in the areas of maximum withdrawal. Ground water in Cerro Gordo County is of suitable chemical quality for domestic, industrial, or municipal use. The total dis solved solids ranges from 152 mg/l (milligrams per liter) in water from the shallow bedrock to 885 mg/l in water from the deep Cambrian sandstones. Water from the Jordan, which is the most productive aquifer in the county, generally contains less than 500 mg/l dissolved solids. Ground water is the major source of water supplies throughout Cerro Gordo County. The majority of wells in the county are used for domestic and stock supplies, but the largest withdrawals of water are for municipal and industrial supplies. Municipal pumpage in the county in 1968 was about 1.5 billion gallons; industrial pumpage was about 1.8 billion gallons and most of the water was obtained from the Jordan aquifer. If future development of water from the Jordan aquifer is to be to the best economical advantage, careful consideration should be given to the location, capacity, and pumping schedules of proposed wells and nearby existing wells so that local overdevelopment or excessive interference do not occur.

Iowa↗
USGS1982

Hydrology of the surficial aquifer in the Floyd River Basin, Iowa

The Floyd River basin was studied to provide water-resources Information for a typical surficial aquifer in northwest Iowa. Data collection included test drilling, water-level measurements, and chemical analyses of surface and ground water. The Floyd River basin drains 961 square miles of highly dissected to gently rolling topography. Major streams generally are flanked by flood plains underlain by uncemented sand and-gravel deposits. Most of the basin is directly underlain by glacial drift of Pleistocene age which is In turn underlain by rocks of Cretaceous age. Sand-and-gravel deposits underlying the major flood plains and in buried bedrock channels within the drift comprise the surficial aquifer. The surficial aquifer ranges from 10 to 40 feet In thickness and averages about 20 feet thick. Both unconfined and confined conditions occur in the aquifer and water levels range from 2 to 55 feet below land surface. An aquifer test conducted in the surficial aquifer where it is about 25 feet thick and is confined by an overlying low permeability bed Indicated an average hydraulic conductivity of 383 feet per day and a storage coefficient of 0.0001. The well was pumped at 650 gallons per minute for 43 hours. An observation well about 70 feet from the pumping well had a maximum drawdown of about 10 feet.

Iowa↗
USGS1986

Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa

Groundwater is the major source of water in Linn County and the surrounding area. Approximately 90 percent of the groundwater production is from Silurian, Devonian, and Quaternary aquifers. The Silurian and Devonian aquifers consist of limestone and dolomite with minor shale beds, which have a regional dip to the southwest of approximately 20 feet per mile. The Silurian aquifer in east-central Iowa is confined from below by Upper Ordovician, Maquoketa Formation shales, and from above by the Kenwood Member of the Wapsipinicon Formation and the Otis and Bertram formations. The Quaternary aquifer consists of unconsolidated sand and gravel beds in the glacial drift, and in the alluvium which is associated with modern streams. The alluvium consists of lenticular beds of poorly-to well-sorted silt, sand, and gravel. The sand and gravel beds are interlayered with relatively-impermeable beds of till, silt, and clay. Water moves through the Silurian aquifer in part due to a complex distribution of porous and dense carbonate facies. Horizons containing skeletal molds in the Silurian dolomite have porosities as much as 39 percent, and are laterally equivalent to dolomites with porosities as little as less than one percent. Because of subsequent fracturing and solutional enlargement of these porous horizons, hydrologic correlation of the primary water-yielding zones is not always possible. One horizon, however, does occur approximately 70 to 105 feet above the base of the Silurian, and is the most consistently productive water-yielding unit in the area. This horizon is Informally referred to as the Farmers Creek aquifer. The potentiometric surface of the Silurian aquifer has a gradient towards the Cedar River, indicating discharge from the aquifer through the alluvium into the river. By comparison, the potentiometric surface of the overlying Devonian aquifer is equal to that of the Silurian and may range to more than 40 feet higher. Yields to individual wells completed in the Silurian and Devonian carbonate aquifers vary from less than 10 to about 500 gallons per minute. Individual wells completed in the Quaternary aquifer yield as much as 2,000 gallons per minute. Water analyses from the Devonian and Silurian aquifers indicate that they are of similar chemical quality at most locations in the study area. However, they may commonly contain concentrations of sulfate that exceed 1,000 mil grams per liter. Dissolved-solids concentrations as much as 2,350 milligrams per liter occur in the Silurian aquifer in the western and southwestern part of the study area. Water from the Quaternary aquifer generally is suitable for most uses and dissolved-solids concentrations generally are less than 750 milligrams per liter.

Iowa↗