Midwinter dry spells amplify post-fire snowpack decline

Benjamin J. Hatchett; Arielle L. Koshkin; Kristen Guirguis; Karl Rittger; Anne W. Nolin; Anne Heggli; Alan M. Rhoades; Amy E. East; Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn; W. Tyler Brandt; Alexander Gershunov; Kayden Haleakala

doi:10.1029/2022gl101235

USGS · 70240268

Midwinter dry spells amplify post-fire snowpack decline

Benjamin J. Hatchett·Arielle L. Koshkin·Kristen Guirguis·Karl Rittger·Anne W. Nolin·Anne Heggli·Alan M. Rhoades·Amy E. East·Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn·W. Tyler Brandt·Alexander Gershunov·Kayden Haleakala

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Abstract

Increasing wildfire and declining snowpacks in mountain regions threaten water availability. We combine satellite-based fire detections with snow seasonality classifications to examine fire activity in California’s seasonal and ephemeral snow zones. We find a nearly tenfold increase in fire activity during 2020-2021 versus 2001-2019. Accumulation season broadband snow albedo declined 25-71% in two burned sites (2021 and 2022) as measured by in-situ data relative to un-burned conditions, with greater declines associated with increased burn severity. By enhancing snowpack susceptibility to melt, decreased snow albedo and canopy drove midwinter melt during a multi-week dry spell in 2022. Despite similar meteorological conditions in 2013 and 2022, which we link to persistent high pressure weather regimes, minimal melt occurred in 2013. Post-fire differences are confirmed with satellite measurements. With growing geographical overlap between wildfire and snow, our findings suggest California’s snowpack is increasingly vulnerable to the compounding effects of dry spells and wildfire.

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Geophysical Research Letters Article

Source-reported bounding extent: 35.498560223544885° to 41.046840301505796° latitude; -122.2751680197709° to -117.7927461447702° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

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Benjamin J. Hatchett, Arielle L. Koshkin, Kristen Guirguis, Karl Rittger, Anne W. Nolin, Anne Heggli, Alan M. Rhoades, Amy E. East, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, W. Tyler Brandt, Alexander Gershunov, Kayden Haleakala. 2023. Midwinter dry spells amplify post-fire snowpack decline. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl101235

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