USGS Science⌕ Search

USGS · 70046062

Reevaluation of lake trout and lake whitefish bioenergetics models

Abstract

Using a corrected algorithm for balancing the energy budget, we reevaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the laboratory and for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the laboratory and in the field. For lake trout, results showed that the bioenergetics model slightly overestimated food consumption by the lake trout when they were fed low and intermediate rations, whereas the model predicted food consumption by lake trout fed ad libitum without any detectable bias. The slight bias in model predictions for lake trout on restricted rations may have been an artifact of the feeding schedule for these fish, and we would therefore recommend application of the Wisconsin lake trout bioenergetics model to lake trout populations in the field without any revisions to the model. Use of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for coregonids resulted in overestimation of food consumption by lake whitefish both in the laboratory and in the field by between 20 and 30%, on average. This overestimation of food consumption was most likely due to overestimation of respiration rate. We therefore adjusted the respiration component of the bioenergetics model to obtain a good fit to the observed consumption in our laboratory tanks. The adjusted model predicted the consumption in the laboratory and the field without any detectable bias. Until a detailed lake whitefish respiration study can be conducted, we recommend application of our adjusted version of the Wisconsin generalized coregonid bioenergetics model to lake whitefish populations in the field.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Charles P. Madenjian, Steve A. Pothoven, Yu-Chun Kao. 2013. Reevaluation of lake trout and lake whitefish bioenergetics models. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.03.011

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related USGS reports

Groundwater nutrient contributions to surface water in the upper Maumee River basin

Harmful algal blooms triggered by nutrient loading have negatively affected Lake Erie water quality for decades, but the role groundwater plays in transporting nutrients to tributary streams is unclear. Here, we apply a multi-scale approach to investigate groundwater nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics at the field scale, along a groundwater flow path, and at the Maumee River basin scale. Unsaturated zone monitoring indicates that macropore flow is the primary mechanism for N and P leaching with nitrate and orthophosphate (OP) concentrations from macropore samplers more than double those from soil-matrix samplers. Shallow (< 4.5 m) groundwater nitrate concentrations indicate the timing of saturated-zone nitrate fluxes is crop dependent with more nitrate mobilized during the maize growing season whereas concentrations below soybeans can remain elevated (> 3 mg/L) through winter months. A three-end-member hydrograph analysis for the upper Maumee River basin indicates that tile drains transport most subsurface N and P with greater than 15,000 kg per day of nitrate transported between January and May. Orthophosphate concentrations in tile drainage at an edge-of-field site correlate well with concentrations in a nearby tributary of the Maumee River. While runoff is the dominant source of OP loading, tile drainage and groundwater discharge contributed an estimated 36% of OP load during a 2018–2022 analysis period with most subsurface loading occurring between January and March. These findings highlight how best management practices (such as cover crops and tile drainage control structures) can be used to help limit leaching and tile effluent during the nongrowing season.

Indiana↗

Low recapture rates preclude survival estimates of larval and juvenile sea lamprey in the Lake Erie basin

Our goal was to estimate survival of non-native larval and juvenile sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) in the Lake Erie basin and compare estimates with those from Lakes Huron and Michigan. Accomplishing the goal would inform decisions about allocating limited control resources among the Laurentian Great Lakes to protect valued fish stocks. Between 2012 and 2018, coded-wire tagged (CWT) larvae and juveniles were released in three Lake Erie tributaries where they were unlikely to experience control program-induced mortality. Adult sea lamprey returning to tributaries to spawn were captured and scanned for CWTs, with the objectives being to determine (1) if survival differed between the Saint Clair River and other sea lamprey-producing tributaries of Lake Erie, and (2) if survival in Lake Erie differed from estimates in Lakes Huron and Michigan. No tagged larvae were recaptured as adults, preventing survival estimation. Recovery probability of tagged juveniles released in the Saint Clair River in the adult stage was about half that of other streams, but statistical comparisons were limited due to low recovery (Objective 1). Estimated lake-wide adult sea lamprey abundance was at record lows when tagged larvae were expected to return as adults. Simulations suggest that survival estimates of larval and juvenile sea lamprey in Lake Erie may be less than survival estimated in Lakes Huron and Michigan (Objective 2). Understanding survival rates of sea lamprey across the Great Lakes and individual streams could guide control effort allocation, although alternative methods for quantifying survival may be needed given the challenges encountered here.

Lake Erie basin↗

Short-term outcomes of juvenile sea lamprey feeding on lake trout vary among parasite–host number combinations in a controlled laboratory setting

The parasitic juvenile stage of the invasive sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) causes host injury and mortality in the Laurentian Great Lakes, yet laboratory feeding studies have generally used single-host or simple host-choice designs. We conducted controlled 7-d trials to quantify lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) wounding, sea lamprey recovery, positive net mass change, growth, and wound location across four lamprey–host number combinations: 1:3, 6:6, 6:3, and 18:9. Candidate models evaluated whether outcomes were better explained by number combination, lamprey abundance, lamprey:host ratio, or separate lamprey and host effects. Across 27 trials, 70 of 135 lake trout (51.9%) were wounded, producing 113 wounds. Wounding was lowest in 1:3 (sea lamprey:host) and highest in 18:9, where 72.2% of hosts were wounded, and wound intensity was 1.33 wounds per host. In pooled descriptive models, each additional stocked sea lamprey was associated with a 13% increase in the odds that an exposed lake trout was wounded and an 8.3% increase in wound intensity per host. Among 173 recovered sea lamprey, 104 (60.1%) exhibited positive net mass change. This probability varied among number combinations, whereas candidate predictors provided little improvement over constant-mean models for continuous growth. Among lamprey exhibiting positive net mass change, intercept-only models were best supported, indicating little evidence that growth magnitude varied systematically among combinations. Wounds were distributed non-randomly among host body regions relative to proportional surface area. Short-term outcomes, therefore, varied among the tested parasite–host number combinations.

Journal of Great Lakes Research↗