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Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Georgia.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
USGS1983

Storage requirements for Georgia streams

The suitability of a stream as a source of water supply or for waste disposal may be severely limited by low flow during certain periods. A water user may be forced to provide storage facilities to supplement the natural flow if the low flow is insufficient for his needs. This report provides data for evaluating the feasibility of augmenting low streamflow by means of storage facilities. It contains tabular data on storage requirements for draft rates that are as much as 60 percent of the mean annual flow at 99 continuous-record gaging stations, and draft-storage diagrams for estimating storage requirements at many additional sites. Through analyses of streamflow data, the State was divided into four regions. Draft-storage diagrams for each region provide a means of estimating storage requirements for sites on streams where data are scant, provided the drainage area, mean annual flow, and the 7-day, 10-year low flow are known or can be estimated. These data are tabulated for the 99 gaging stations used in the analyses and for 102 partial-record sites where only base-flow measurements have been made. The draft-storage diagrams are useful not only for estimating in-channel storage required for low-flow augmentation, but also can be used for estimating the volume of off-channel storage required to retain wastewater during low-flow periods for later release. In addition, these relationships can be helpful in estimating the volume of wastewater to be disposed of by spraying on land, provided that the water disposed of in this manner is only that for which streamflow dilution water is not currently available. Mean annual flow can be determined for any stream within the State by using the runoff map in this report. Low-flow indices can be estimated by several methods, including correlation of base-flow measurements with concurrent flow at nearby continuous-record gaging stations where low-flow indices have been determined.

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USGS1983

Geology and resources of the Andersonville, Georgia, kaolin and bauxite district

The kaolin and kaolin-rich sediments of the Andersonville district were deposited in an estuary environment with restricted circulation and little tidal or longshore current influence. Micaceous kaolinitic clays were deposited during late Paleocene time on broad, shallow water flats between deeper water distributary channels in the estuarine system. During the cycle of deposition, kaolinitic sediments were temporarily exposed to weathering leading to bauxitization and further kaolinization. Subsequently, subaerial and/or subaqueous erosion planed off and redeposited some of the weathering products as organic-rich clays and silts, berthierine-bearing clays, and rarely as colluvial bauxite and sedimentary bauxitic clays. Upon resubmergence, gibbsite-rich, porous bauxite, and bauxitic clays were exposed to silica-saturated water of the estuary. Gibbsite reacted with silica to form kaolinite and resulted in the formation of the transitional (bauxitic) clays overlying the bauxite. Kaolinitic sediments transported by streams again spread over the altered and redeposited material. At the close of the kaolin depositional period movement along the Andersonville Fault Zone and related faults changed the basinal configuration, and the area of the uplifted (southern) block of the fault was exposed to weathering and bauxitization for a limited period of time. General submergence again occurred and much of the district was covered by marine and brackish water, ending the period of commercial kaolin deposition. The kaolin and bauxite deposits in the Andersonville district form a broad belt 15 kilometers wide and 22 kilometers long trending in a northwest-southeastward direction. Most of the kaolin and bauxite of commercial value occur within a narrow 10-kilometer-wide zone in the belt. The reserves of kaolin suitable for refractory and chemical use are approximately 290 million tonnes. Paramarginal resources of sandy kaolin suitable for refractory, chemical, or aluminum manufacture after beneficiation are approximately 240 million tonnes. Indicated and inferred reserves of bauxite and bauxitic clay are 1.8 million tonnes and 7.3 million tonnes respectively.

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USGS1983

Ground-water data for Georgia, 1982

Continuous water level records from 105 wells, and more than 2 ,000 water level measurements made in Georgia during 1982 provided the basic data for this report. Selected wells illustrate the effects that changes in recharge and pumpage have had on the various groundwater resources in the State. Daily mean water levels are shown in hydrographs for 1982. Monthly means are shown for the 10-yr period 1973 and 1982. Mean annual water levels ranged from 10 ft higher to 1 ft lower in 1982 than in 1981. This is a significant reversal of the downward trend of the past few years. Water quality samples are collected periodically throughout Georgia and analyzed as part of areal and regional groundwater studies. Along the coast, chloride concentrations have remained stable in the Savannah area, but invasion of brackish water into the aquifer has increased the chloride concentration at Brunswick. (Author 's abstract)

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USGS1983

Water resources data, Georgia, water year 1982

Water resources data for the 1982 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records of 109 gaging stations; stage for 10 gaging stations; stage and contents for 17 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 17 continuous stations, 115 periodic stations and miscellaneous sites; peak stage and discharge only for 109 crest-stage partial-record stations and 20 miscellaneous sites; measurements of discharge at 49 low-flow partial-record stations and 15 miscellaneous sites; and water levels of 28 observation wells. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Georgia.

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USGS1983

Effects of the drought of 1980-81 on streamflow and on ground-water levels in Georgia

The 1980-81 drought resulted in the lowest rates of streamflow since 1954 in most areas of Georgia, and the lowest since 1925 in some areas. Over most of the State, minimum average streamflows for periods of 1, 7, 30, 60, 90, and 183 consecutive days receded to low levels estimated to be reached at average intervals of 10 to 25 years. Flows in the Flint River from central to southwest Georgia receded to levels estimated to be reached at average intervals of 70 years. Pool levels at four major reservoirs receded to the lowest levels since the reservoirs were first filled. Ground-water levels declined below the lowest levels previously observed in many observation wells. Nearly continuous declines were recorded in some wells for as much as 20 consecutive months, and levels remained below the previous minimum level of record for as much as 9 consecutive months. (USGS)

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USGS1983

Hydrogeologic data from the US Geological Survey test wells near Waycross, Ware County, Georgia

Two wells were constructed near Waycross, Ware County, Georgia, from July 1980 to May 1981 to collect stratigraphic, structural, geophysical, hydrologic, hydraulic, and geochemical information for the U.S. Geological Survey Tertiary Limestone Regional Aquifer-System Analysis. Data collection included geologic sampling and coring, borehole geophysical logging, packer testing, water-level measuring, water-quality sampling, and aquifer testing. In the study area, the Tertiary limestone aquifer system is about 1,300 feet thick and is confined and overlain by about 610 feet of clastic sediments. The aquifer system consists of limestone, dolomite, and minor evaporites and has high porosity and permeability. A 4-day continuous discharge aquifer test was conducted, from which a transmissivity of about 1 million feet squared per day and a storage coefficient of 0.0001 were calculated. Water from the upper part of the aquifer is of a calcium bicarbonate type. The deeper highly mineralized zone produces a sodium bicarbonate type water in which concentrations of magnesium, sulfate, chloride, sodium, and some trace metals increase with depth. (USGS)

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USGS1982

Monthly low-flow characteristics of Georgia streams

Statistics of monthly minimum flows are presented for 129 streamflow stations for each month of the year. Flow statistics provided are the log-Pearson Type III distribution. The probable magnitude of average standard errors due to time-sampling bias is tabulated. The average standard errors were found to be similar over a wide area comprising approximately the northern two-thirds of the State. In this area, the average standard error of estimate for a low-flow statistic with a recurrence interval of 20 years and estimated on the basis of 10 years of record is about 17%. In the southern third of the State, the average standard errors were found to lie in a narrow range, but were significantly greater than in the north. In the southern area, the average standard error of estimate for a low flow statistic with a recurrence interval of 20 years and estimated on the basis of 10 years of record is about 40%. (USGS)

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USGS1982

Ground-water data for Georgia, 1981

More than 2,000 water-level measurements made in Georgia in 1981 provide the basic data for this report. Daily mean water-level fluctuations and trends are shown in hydrographs for the previous year (1980) and fluctuations of the monthly mean water levels are shown for selected years in some observation wells in Georgia. Water-quality samples are collected periodically throughout Georgia and analyzed as part of areal and regional ground-water studies. Along the coast, chloride concentrations have remained stable around Savannah, but invasion of brackish water into the aquifer at Brunswick has increased the chloride concentration. Mean annual water levels throughout Georgia ranged from 3.42 feet higher to 12.68 feet lower in 1981 than in 1980, and in some areas were the lowest on record.

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USGS1982

Water resources data Georgia, water year 1981

Water resources data for the 1981 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records of 109 gaging stations; stage for 10 gaging stations; stage and contents for 17 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 22 continuous stations, 131 periodic stations and miscellaneous sites; peak stage and dis-charge only for 106 crest-stage partial-record stations and 4 miscellaneous sites; measurements of discharge at 25 low-flow partial-record stations and 57 miscellaneous sites; and water levels of 28 observation wells. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Georgia.

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USGS1982

Paleoenvironment and age of kaolin deposits in the Andersonville district, Georgia

The kaolin deposits of the Andersonville district of Georgia are thick and relatively pure; they grade laterally and vertically into sandy kaolin and sand. The sedimentological and mineralogical character of the clay and the enclosing sand suggests deposition in a marine shallow-water to estuarine environment. Palynomorph and invertebrate fossil assemblages from strata adjacent to the kaolin beds support the suggested depositional environment of the kaolin and the subsequent subaerial formation of bauxite. Movement on the Andersonville and related faults probably influenced basinal topography and served to maintain a restricted circulation in the basin. Sporomorph biostratigraphy limits the accumulation of kaolin and the formation of bauxite deposits to early Wilcox (late Paleocene) time.

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