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At least 1,747 records · Page 97Linked to original sources
USGS1971

Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 15 landing site

The Apollo 15 mission was a landmark in the manned geologic exploration of the Moon. The geologic diversity and significance of the site, the extended traverse capability provided by three EVAs and the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the real time television coverage of the terrain and crew activities, and, most of all, the magnificent performance of the astronaut crew contributed to an unprecedentedly successful mission.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1971

Phosphate investigations in Colombia, 1969 a progress report; with a note on the aluminous laterite deposits of the Department of Cauca

About 10 weeks were spent in Colombia from January through March 1970 examining the progress of the phosphate investigations. Field work was done in the Sogamoso area, where detailed mapped by geologists of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras has shown a large area where structures are gentle and not too complex, and as a consequence, the phosphorite beds are in a potentially minable situation. The beds in the Sogamoso area are in the sandy facies of the late Cretaceous miogeosyncline, and weathered surface rocks are deficient in CaO, so that a part of the P 2 O 5 in these rocks is present as wavellite. No unweathered samples have been collected, but it is thought that fresh material may contain some calcite. Drilling to confirm structure and to obtain unweathered samples started in March 1970. This area is promising economically. Resources of phosphorite in the southern part of the country, in the Departments of Huila and Tolima, are not as promising as are the resources in the Sogamoso area. The southern area is at or close to the linebetween the sandy and the calcareous facies of the miogeosyncline, andthus much of the material contains excess CaO. The structure is more complex, and the phosphorite beds are thinner than in the Sogamoso area, and much of the area is covered by a thick section of continental Tertiary sediments. A very short visit was made to the sulfur mine on Purace volcano. The ore is native sulfur impregnating very recent tuffs. Sulfur was deposited by fumaroles. Although known reserves are small, much of Purace volcano has not been explored, and there is potential for additional reserves. Other volcanoes in the southern part of Colombia should also be investigated to determine their potential as a source of sulfur. A few days were spent examining the aluminous laterite deposits in the Department of Cauca. The deposits are formed from intense lateritic weathering of Plio-Pleistocene tuff beds. The tuffaceous material is completely destroyed in the weathering,leaving a soft, very fine grained, very wet clay-like material. On drying, aggregates of gibbsite are formed and these are stable. It is thought that Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and a part of the SiO 2 in the clayey material may be non-crystalline. Reserves of the material are very large, and further work is definitely indicated.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1971

Cretaceous plutonic rocks of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; a preliminary report

Reconnaissance mapping on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska has revealed seven epizonal granitic plutons of mid-Cretaceous age with a combined outcrop area of about 350 square miles. The plutonic rocks are dominantly quartz monzonite, but include minor amounts of granodiorite, monzonite, syenite, syenodiorite, and alaskite. The plutons are structurally and petrologically similar to and about the same age as plutons on the Chukotsky Peninsula, U.S.S.R. and in western Alaska. They suggest tectonic continuity between Siberia and Alaska since at least Cretaceous time. Several mineralized areas containing molybdenum, copper, lead, and zinc sulfides are associated with the plutonic bodies in the western part of the island.

Alaska↗
USGS1971

Availability of ground water for public-water supply in the Pensacola area, Florida: interim report, June 1971

Statement of the problem Earlier hydrologic studies show that ample quantities of soft water of low dissolved solids content are obtainable from the sand-and-gravel aquifer in the Pensacola area. Some wells drilled for the city of Pensacola have yielded water with unacceptably high amounts of iron and carbon dioxide, and wells have had disappointingly low yields. The city, therefore, is seeking hydrologic information, including water-quality data, in an effort to avoid the high cost of well abandonment and to plan for future expansion of the water-supply system. Objectives and approach This study is intended to provide information on the quality and quantity of water available from the sand-and-gravel aquifer, the only fresh-water aquifer in the Pensacola area, and to delineate those areas favorable for public-supply well sites. The project area is southern Escambia County, from Pensacola to S.R. (State Road) 196 north of Quintette (fig. 1). During the first year, effort was concentrated in the southern half of the area, generally south of 30°30', which approximately coincides with Interstate Highway 10 in southeastern Escambia County. The investigation included the collection of well data, chemical analyses of water samples, test drilling, radioactivity logging of test holes and other wells, and water-level measurements.

Florida↗
USGS1972

Report on field work in the Mahd adh Dhahab area, Saudi Arabia, February 29 to April 13, 1964

In 1963, in response to a request from the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, the Saudi Arabian Government and the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior, with the approval of the U. S. Department of State, undertook a joint and cooperative effort to map and evaluate the mineral potential of central and western Saudi Arabia. The results of this program are being released in USGS open files in the United States and are also available in the Library of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. Also on open file in that office is a large amount of material, in the form. of unpublished manuscripts, maps, field notes, drill logs, annotated aerial photographs, etc:, that has resulted from-other previous geologic work by Saudi Arabian government agencies. The Government of Saudi Arabia makes this information available to interested persons, and has set up a liberal mining cods which is included in "Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia, a Guide for Investment and Development," published in 1965 as Bulletin 1 of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources,' Directorate General of Mineral Resources, Jiddah, Saudi Arabia.

Mahd adh Dhahab↗
USGS1972

Geology of Hadley Rille preliminary report

Hadley Rille generally trends in directions that are controlled by pre-mare structures. The southern half of the rille, south of the Apollo 15 site, follows a mare-filled graben that is concentric to the Imbrium basin; however, the zigs and zags in the course are mainly north and east-northeast, directions that do not reflect pre-mare structures in adjacent highlands. The northern half of the rille follows a general direction that is parallel to pre-mare Imbrium-radial faults, is less sinuous than farther south, and intersects several fault-like features, all of which suggest some structural control along this part of the course. At the Apollo 15 site, the east rim is 30-40 m higher than the west rim as if the rille were a normal fault. The rille cannot be a simple fault, however, because the two sides do not match; instead, at bends, the outside has less curvature than the inside, which is partly attributed to recession of the rims by mass-wasting.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1972

Report of the field trip, February 24 to April 2, 1965 in part of the northeastern Hijaz quadrangle, Saudi Arabia

In 1963, in response to a request from the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, the Saudi Arabian Government and the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Department of the Interior, with the approval of the U. S. Department of State undertook a joint and cooperative effort to map and evaluate the mineral potential of central and Saudi Arabia. The results of this program are being released in USGS open files in the United States and are also available in the Library of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. Also on open file in that office is a large amount of material, in the form of unpublished manuscripts, maps, field notes, drill logs, annotated aerial photographs, etc., that has resulted from other previous geologic work by Saudi Arabian government agencies. The Government of Saudi Arabia makes this information available to interested persons, and has set up a liberal mining coda which is included in "Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia, a Guide for Investment and Development," published in 1965 as Bulletin 1 of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources, Jiddah, Saudi Arabia.

Hijaz quadrangle↗
USGS1972

Hydrograph simulation models of the Hillsborough and Alafia Rivers, Florida: a preliminary report

Mathematical (digital) models that simulate flood hydrographs from rainfall records have been developed for the following gaging stations in the Hillsborough and Alafia River basins of west-central Florida: Hillsborough River near Tampa, Alafia River at Lithia, and north Prong Alafia River near Keysville. These models, which were developed from historical streamflow and and rainfall records, are based on rainfall-runoff and unit-hydrograph procedures involving an arbitrary separation of the flood hydrograph. These models assume the flood hydrograph to be composed of only two flow components, direct (storm) runoff, and base flow. Expressions describing these two flow components are derived from streamflow and rainfall records and are combined analytically to form algorithms (models), which are programmed for processing on a digital computing system. Most Hillsborough and Alafia River flood discharges can be simulated with expected relative errors less than or equal to 30 percent and flood peaks can be simulated with average relative errors less than 15 percent. Because of the inadequate rainfall network that is used in obtaining input data for the North Prong Alafia River model, simulated peaks are frequently in error by more than 40 percent, particularly for storms having highly variable areal rainfall distribution. Simulation errors are the result of rainfall sample errors and, to a lesser extent, model inadequacy. Data errors associated with the determination of mean basin precipitation are the result of the small number and poor areal distribution of rainfall stations available for use in the study. Model inadequacy, however, is attributed to the basic underlying theory, particularly the rainfall-runoff relation. These models broaden and enhance existing water-management capabilities within these basins by allowing the establishment and implementation of programs providing for continued development in these areas. Specifically, the models serve not only as a basis for forecasting floods, but also for simulating hydrologic information needed in flood-plain mapping and delineating and evaluating alternative flood control and abatement plans.

Florida↗
USGS1972

Preliminary report on the geology and field petrology at the Apollo 16 landing site

The Apollo 16 mission was especially notable in the continuing program of manned exploration of the Moon. It accomplished the first landing in the lunar highlands and the crew successfully explored and sampled a kind of terrane never before visited on -the lunar surface. As John Young put it when he first stepped onto the lunar surface "There you are, our mysterious and unknown Descartes highland plains, Apollo 16 is going to change your image." We are confident that the descriptions by the crew and the returned samples and photographs will, in time, permit us to extrapolate the geologic environment found here to many other similar areas throughout the highlands. The geologic diversity and significance of the site, the extended traverse capability provided by three EVAs and the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the real time television coverage of the site and of crew activities, and especially, the outstanding performance of the astronaut crew contributed to an exceedingly successful mission.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1972

A geochemical study of the Rio Pantanos area, Department of Antioquia, Colombia preliminary report

Geochemical sampling in the Western Cordillera has delineated an 18 km 2 area anomalous in copper, molybdenum, and silver. Highly anomalous metal contents are found in stream sediment, soil, and outcrop samples collected within this area. The area is underlain by intrusive granodiorite to quartz diorite that has porphyritic and granitoid phases. Most of the outcrop samples contain disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite. A geochemical reconnaissance sampling program in the Western Cordillera, formulated by Andros Jimeno V., Director, Instituto National de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (INGEOMINAS), and Earl M. Irving, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Chief of Party in Colombia, was carried out from 1969 to 1971 by geologists of the INGEOMINAS office in Medellin. This work was part of a cooperative program of INGEOMINAS and the USGS sponsored by the Government of Colombia and the Agency for International Development, U. S. Department of State. Seventeen generally east-trending traverses were completed across the Western Cordillera. These traverses, generally paralleling major drainages, cross the range at intervals of 10 to 30 km.

Open-File Report↗