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At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
USGS1963

Large uraniferous springs and associated uranium minerals, Shirley Mountains, Carbon County, Wyoming -- A preliminary report

Ten springs along the southeast flank of the Shirley Mountains, Carbon County, Wyoming, have water containing from 12 to 27 parts per billion uranium, have a total estimated flow of 3 million gallons of clear fresh water per day, and have a combined annual output that may be as much as 166 pounds of uranium. These springs emerge from Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Triassic rocks on the east flank of a faulted anticlinal fold. In the vicinity of several springs, metatyuyamunite occurs locally in crystalline calcite veins averaging 3 feet in width but reaching a maximum of 24 feet. The veins are as much as several hundred feet long-and cut vertically through sandstones of Pennsylvanian age overlying the Madison Limestone (Mississippian). This limestone is believed to be the source of the calcite. A 3-foot channel sample cross one calcite vein contains 0.089 percent uranium. Lesser amounts of uranium were obtained from other channel samples. Selected samples contain from 0.39 to 2.2 percent uranium and from 0.25 to 0.86 percent vanadium. Three possible sources of the uranium are: (1) Precambrian rocks, (2) Paleozoic rocks, (3) Pliocene(?) tuffaceous strata that were deposited unconformably across older .rocks in both the graphically high and low parts of the area, but were subsequently removed by erosion except for a few small remnants, one of which contains carnotite. There is apparently a close genetic relation between the uraniferous springs and uranium mineralization in the calcite veins. Data from this locality illustrate how uraniferous ground water can be used as a guide in the exploration for areas where uranium deposits may occur. Also demonstrated is the fact that significant quantities of uranium are present in water of some large flowing springs.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1964

Preliminary report on the geologic and geophysical investigations of the Loveland Basin landslide, Clear Creek County, Colorado

Geologic and geophysical investigations of the Loveland Basin landslide, which formed at the cut for the east portal of the Straight Creek tunnel, were made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Public Road and the Colorado Department of Highways. The investigations indicate that the slide has a probable minimum volume of 500,000 cubic yards weighing 1,000,000 tons and probable maximum volume of 770,000 cubic yards weighing 1,600,000 tons.

Colorado↗
USGS1964

Preliminary report on tests of the application of geophysical methods to Arctic ground water problems

Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys were made during the summer and fall of 1952 in the Tanana Valley near Fairbanks, Alaska, as part of the studies of the application of geophysical techniques to ground-water problems in Alaska instigated in 1951 by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratories. Work centered around the highway junctions at Fairbanks, Big Delta, and Tok. It was found that both survey methods defined the horizontal extent of the frozen ground and both were capable of determining the depth to the top of the permafrost but neither regularly yielded reliable information on the material beneath the top of the permafrost. The greatest need at present is for a thorough examination of data obtained in the field seasons of 1948 and 1952. Two fundamental theoretical investigations are desirable: (1) examination of the attenuation of longitudinal waves traveling through a thin layer, and (2) further development of the theoretical multilayer resistivity interpretation of problems in which the second layer has a very high resistivity. Further field work should include: (1) tests of the U.S. Geological Survey's new shallow-reflection seismograph; (2) a brief test of electromagnetic equipment; (3) additional resistivity measurements with commutated current; and (4) both seismic and resistivity measurements in areas where the bedrock possesses different physical properties from the schist usually found in interior Alaska. It is doubtful that geophysical techniques are sufficiently developed to be valuable for use by Army personnel in prospecting for ground water in areas of thick permafrost.

Alaska↗
USGS1964

Sedimentation and land use in Core Creek and Elk Run basins, Pennsylvania, 1954-60 (A progress report)

Analyses of data collected from two small basins in northern Pennsylvania during the period May 1954-September 1960 indicated a general relationship between changes in land use and land treatment and changes in suspended-sediment discharge from the basins. Extensive land use and land-treatment changes have taken place in the 12.2 square-mile Corey Creek study basin while such changes in the 10.2 square-mile Elk Run basin, which is adjacent to the northeast, have been relatively slight. Elk Run basin, which is topographically and hydrologically similar to Corey Creek basin, was used as an external control for the Corey Creek basin study.

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1965

Preliminary report on investigation of salt springs and seeps in a portion of the Permian Basin in Texas

The Permian Basin (fig. 1) comprises a large area in the southern midcontinent region and includes major portions of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Within this basin brine springs and seeps discharge more than 20,000 tons per day of sodium chloride (common table salt). This brine contaminates many streams greatly impairing the utility of their waters. The water in some streams is of such poor quality it cannot be used for municipal and industrial purposes and for irrigation. Nor is the problem limited to the Permian Basin. The contaminated streams leaving the Permian Basin bring salty water to downstream areas of Arkansas and Louisiana, as well as to other parts of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas. In no comparable area of the interior United States are natural sources of salt water so widespread or deleterious to the fresh water supply of so large a segment of the nation's population and industry. The Brazos River traverses the eastern part of the Permian Basin, and is potentially one of the principal sources of water in Texas. It carries an average daily load of 1,650 tons of sodium chloride (common table salt) into Possum Kingdom Reservoir, about 110 miles west of Dallas. More than 85 percent of this salt is contributed by the Salt Fork Brazos River, and more than one-half originates from Springs and seeps in Croton and Salt Croton Creeks, tributaries to the Salt Fork Brazos River. The undesirably high chloride content of the water impounded in Possum Kingdom Reservoir limits the utility of this water, although it is used for irrigation and by some industries. Understanding of the origin and hydrology of the natural brine is fundamental to consideration of engineering measures to control the flow of salt water to streams, or to general plans to alleviate the situation in any way that includes altering the brine-discharge system. Previous investigations of natural brine features have been directed toward describing the local details of individual problem areas. Thus the occurrence of brine features has been described strictly in terms of the local environment. The origin and discharge of brine have been ascribed invariably to local sources and to local hydraulic controls. The case for local origin of the brine has been stated by Ward and Leonard (1961). According to their hypothesis brines evolve in the circulation of ground water in local hydraulic systems which feature the following conditions: (a) halite deposits or halite-bearing rocks at relatively shallow depth; (b) ground water that circulates to the halite-bearing zones; and (c) a local topographically low area where the water can emerge as a mineral spring. An alternate hypothesis (Greenman and Stevens, 1963) is that the salt springs originate as outcrops of a regional body of brine and that the primary factors determining their distribution are regional hydrologic controls, such as physiography, geology, and climate. The precise location of springs, the nature and amount of discharge, as well as their salinity, depend on secondary hydrologic factors, such as local geologic conditions, local topography that governs the movement of the overlying fresh water, and the hydrologic environment in the vicinity of the springs, which determines the amount of mixing of the brine and the fresh water at each locality. In general, the brine is a water body separate and distinct from the overlying fresh water. The salinity of individual springs is determined by the amount of mixing of the brine with the fresh water not by solution of salt-bearing materials in local hydraulic systems. The geographic zone in which all of the brine springs and seeps occur is determined by regional topographic and perhaps climatic conditions. If the regional hypothesis is true, remedial measures must take into account a set of hydraulic and hydrologic circumstances that is fundamentally different from that postulated previously.

Texas↗