Regional waterfowl habitat trends and implications for neotropical birds
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Continental populations of most bird species have remained quite stable since 1966, but there have been many regional changes associated with migration disasters, breeding failures and range expansions, and a few dramatic increases in populations of introduced species. These changes often are better represented by curvilinear than by linear regressions.
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North American Breeding Bird Survey data for the period 1966-1987 indicate that Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) populations declined during the 1970s, primarily in association with either severe winters or severe spring storms. In recent years, bluebird populations have increased to levels similar to those observed during the first year (1966) of the survey. Survey results suggest that climate has an important role in affecting short-term population declines in bluebirds.
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Data on mammals were compiled from published studies of common barn-owl (Tyto alba) pellets. Mammalian composition of pellet samples was analyzed within geographic regions in regard to year, mean annual precipitation, latitude, and number of individual mammals in the sample. Percentages of individuals in pellets that were shrews increased whereas the percentages of rodents decreased with greater mean annual precipitation, especially in northern and western areas of North America. From the 1920s through 1980s, in northern and eastern areas the percentage of species that was shrews decreased, and in northern and central areas the percentage of individuals that was murid rats and mice increased. Human alterations of habitats during these seven decades are postulated to have caused changes in available small mammals, leading to changes in the barn-owl diet.
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