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USGS1954

Geology and uranium deposits of the Caribou area, Boulder County, Colorado

Pitchblende was discovered in the Caribou mine, Boulder County. Colo., in 1948 by Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines, incorporated during the reopening of the 1040-level. Since 1948, a small quantity of pitchblende has been produced from the Radium vein during exploratory work that was done under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission. The Caribou mine, primarily a silver mine, develops five veins (Caribou. No Name, Poorman, Sherman and Silver Dollar) that were formerly worked as separate mines. Three other veins, the Radium, Elmer, and Nelson, are exposed in the Caribou mine only at and below the 920-level. The general geology of the Caribou area, known since 1869 as a silver district, has been discussed by Bastin and Hill (1917) and more recently by Lovering and Goddard (1950). In 1937 a detailed study of the petrography of the Caribou stock was made by Smith (1938). In 1948 and 1949, R.U. King (1950) of the U. S., Geological Survey examined the Caribou mine to evaluate the uranium deposit. In 1950, D.M. Sheridan and E.N. Hinrichs of the U. S. Geological Survey made a radioactivity reconnaissance of the mine dumps at Caribou and vicinity. This reconnaissance included examination of most of the accessible workings of the Caribou mine. Other reports on the area are listed in the bibliography. As a result of King’s preliminary examination and the later exploration for uranium on the property, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1951 began a detailed investigation of the Caribou area on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the Atomic Energy Commission, the principal purpose of which was to evaluate the uranium occurrences in the area. The study was begun by E. P. Kaiser and W. S., Cavender, who established a triangulation net, using a base line in Caribou Park for horizontal control and a U.S. Geological Survey bench mark on the top of Caribou Hill for vertical control. Upon the assignment of Kaiser to another project in August 1951 the investigation was continued until November 1951, by F.B. Moore and W. S. Cavender. During the study of the district the writers prepared a geologic map at a scale of 1 inch to 100 feet of an area of about one square mile. The mapped area includes most of the mines in the Caribou district and embraces the eastern half of Caribou Hill and adjacent areas to the east and north. In addition, all accessible underground workings were mapped at a scale of 1 inch to 40 feet. The writers wish to acknowledge the cooperation of the staff of the Consolidated Caribou Silver Mines incorporated, who made the Caribou mine available for examination at all times and who furnished maps and suggestions that were of great assistance. Mr. A.E. Blakesley, owner of the Comstock mine, was also most cooperative in making possible the examination of his mine. Thanks are due Dr., E.E. Wahlstrom of the University of Colorado and to the Boulder Daily Camera for the use of their files containing information on the Caribou mine. To S. Lovering of the U.S. Geological Survey made many valuable suggestions on the identification of alteration products in thin section.

Colorado↗

USGS1905

Preliminary report on the geology and underground water resources of the central Great Plains

The area to which this report relates is shown in Pl. II. It comprises the greater portions of South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, and the eastern portions of Colorado and of Wyoming, an area of about one-half million square miles. It is the result of my investigations during the past eight years, but includes also all available data from many sources. I have been aided by various field assistants, those deserving special mention being Messrs. C. A. Fisher, C. C. O'Harra, J.E. Todd, the late C. M. Hall, G. B. Eichardson, W. S. Tangier Smith, E. H. Barbour, and the late J. E. Macfarland. On account of its size, the region presents relatively diverse geologic conditions, but comprises comparatively few formations, most of which are widespread. The question of water supply, both overground and underground, is one of great interest to the people in this district, and although considerable progress has been made in some sections in developing well waters, there are vast areas in which the present supplies are inadequate, even for local domestic use. In order to understand the relations of the underground waters it has been necessary to investigate the geology, especially the structure and stratigraphy of the water-bearing and associated formations. This part of the work has required a very large amount of special field study, and the present results show that extended investigation will be required before many important questions of geology can be fully understood.

Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming↗

USGS1989

Methods for collection and analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples

The series of chapters on techniques describes methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey for planning and conducting water-resources investigations. The material is arranged under major subject headings called books and is further subdivided into sections and chapters. Book 5 is on laboratory analysis. Section A is on water. The unit of publication, the chapter, is limited to a narrow field of subject matter. "Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples" is the fourth chapter to be published under Section A of Book 5. The chapter number includes the letter of the section. This chapter was prepared by several aquatic biologists and microbiologists of the U.S. Geological Survey to provide accurate and precise methods for the collection and analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples. Use of brand, firm, and trade names in this chapter is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. This chapter supersedes "Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples" edited by P.E. Greeson, T.A. Ehlke, G.A. Irwin, B.W. Lium, and K.V. Slack (U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter A4, 1977) and also supersedes "A Supplement to-Methods for Collection and Analysis of Aquatic Biological and Microbiological Samples" by P.E. Greeson (U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter A4), Open-File Report 79-1279, 1979.

Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations↗

USGS1957

Geology and zinc-lead deposits in the Catfish Creek area, Dubuque County, Iowa

A detailed geologic study was begun in 1951 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey to appraise the potentialities of the Iowa part of the Wisconsin-Illinois-Iowa zinc-lead district for (1) zinc ore in rock strata that contain pitch-and-flat zinc ore bodies elsewhere in the mining district and (2) joint-controlled lead and zinc ore like that mined extensively during the 19th century in Dubuque County, Iowa. This investigation is an outgrowth of a geologic study of the entire district, begun in 1942 by the U.S. Geological Survey.

Iowa↗

USGS2009

Investigation of Contaminated Groundwater at Solid Waste Management Unit 12, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2008

The U.S. Geological Survey and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast investigated natural and engineered remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater contamination at Solid Waste Management Unit 12 at the Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, beginning in 2000. The primary contaminants of interest in the study are tetrachloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, and 1,1-dichloroethene. Engineered remediation aspects at the site consist of a zero-valent-iron permeable reactive barrier (PRB) installed in December 2002 intercepting the contamination plume and a phytoremediation test stand of loblolly pine trees planted in the source area in May 2003. The U.S. Geological Survey planted an additional phytoremediation test stand of loblolly pine trees on the upgradient side of the southern end of the PRB in February 2008. At least once during the summer, however, the trees were inadvertently mowed during lawn cutting activity. The PRB along the main axis of the contaminant plume appears to be actively removing contamination. In contrast to the central area of the PRB, the data from the southern end of the PRB indicate that contaminants are moving around the PRB. Concentrations in wells upgradient from the PRB showed a general decrease in VOC concentrations. VOC concentrations in some wells in the forest downgradient from the PRB showed a sharp increase in 2005, followed by a decrease in 2006. Farther downgradient in the forest, the VOC concentrations began to increase in 2007 and continued to increase into 2008. The VOC-concentration changes in groundwater beneath the forest appear to indicate movement of a groundwater-contaminant pulse through the forest. It also is possible that the data may represent lateral shifting of the plume in response to changes in groundwater-flow direction.

South Carolina↗

USGS1929

Geology of the De Queen and Caddo Gap quadrangles, Arkansas

The field study of the geology of the De Queen and Caddo Gap quadrangles extended over a period of many years, and although the scientific and economic results from the study are here set forth fully for the first time in a single report, a number of publications have been issued that have presented some of the more important results. The field work was begun in 1907 and continued intermittently until 1925. The work in 1907 was done under a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey and the Arkansas Geological Survey and involved primarily an investigation of the slate deposits of west-central Arkansas but also the mapping of the rocks in the mountainous part of the Caddo Gap quadrangle. In that year A. H. Purdue, State geologist of Arkansas, had charge of the work and was assisted by R. D. Mesler and H. D. Miser. All the subsequent work in the Caddo Gap quadrangle, as well as all in the De Queen quadrangle, was done by the United States Geological Survey. The work since 1907 is briefly outlined below. In 1908 Mr. Purdue, assisted by Mr. Miser, completed the mapping of the rocks of the Caddo Gap quadrangle with the aid of valuable suggestions from C. W. Hayes, chief geologist, J. A. Taff, and E. O. Ulrich, who visited the field for several days. In 1910 Mr. Purdue, assisted by Mr. Miser, reviewed a part of the previous work in the Caddo Gap quadrangle and mapped the rocks in most of the mountainous portion of the De Queen quadrangle. In 1911 these geologists did additional work in both the De Queen and Caddo Gap quadrangles, and in 1912 Mr. Miser, assisted by Mr. Mesler, completed the mapping of the rocks in the De Queen quadrangle and then reviewed some of the earlier work in the Caddo Gap quadrangle. In 1913 Arthur Keith, and Messrs. Purdue and Miser spent several days in a field conference in the Caddo Gap quadrangle. During the conference the first identifiable fossils in the Blaylock sandstone, of Silurian age, were discovered. In 1914 Mr. Miser obtained a small collection of fossil plants from the Stanley shale near Gillham, Ark., also the first fossils from the Arkansas novaculite. In 1916 he made a special study of some of the mineral deposits of the quadrangles, including the deposits of diamonds, manganese ore, gravel, and asphalt, and in 1917 he revisited the diamond mines. An investigation of the volcanic ash and tuff in the "Bingen formation," of Upper Cretaceous age, in the Caddo Gap quadrangle and adjoining areas to the south and southwest was made in 1923 by Clarence S. Ross and Mr. Miser. Also in that year other fossil plants were collected from the Stanley shale at the earlier discovered locality near Gillham by Mr. Miser. (See pl. 9, A .) The aggregate time spent in collecting fossils at this locality was eight days, so scare are the fossils and so difficult are the conditions for collecting them. Besides the above work the authors made frequent reconnaissance studies of adjoining areas, and Mr. Miser was joined in 1923 by C. W. Honess for a field conference of a few days in the De Queen and Caddo Gap quadrangles. In 1925 Mr. Miser joined in the field Messrs. L. W. Stephenson and C. H. Dane for a few days in a study of the " Bingen " (Woodbine and Tokio) and other formations of Upper Cretaceous age in and near the Caddo Gap quadrangle. Mr. Dane was making at that time a special study of the deposits of Upper Cretaceous age in southwestern Arkansas under a cooperative agreement between the United States Geological Survey and the Arkansas Geological Survey. For some of the information on the Tokio formation the present writers are indebted to Mr. Dane.

Arkansas, Oklahoma↗

USGS2010

The U.S.Geological Survey Energy Resources Program

Energy resources are an essential component of modern society. Adequate, reliable, and affordable energy supplies obtained using environmentally sustainable practices underpin economic prosperity, environmental quality and human health, and political stability. National and global demands for all forms of energy are forecast to increase significantly over the next several decades. Throughout its history, our Nation has faced important, often controversial, decisions regarding the competing uses of public lands, the supply of energy to sustain development and enable growth, and environmental stewardship. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Energy Resources Program (ERP) provides information to address these challenges by supporting scientific investigations of energy resources, such as research on the geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of oil, gas, coal, heavy oil and natural bitumen, oil shale, uranium, and geothermal resources, emerging resources such as gas hydrates, and research on the effects associated with energy resource occurrence, production, and (or) utilization. The results from these investigations provide impartial, robust scientific information about energy resources and support the U.S. Department of the Interior's (DOI's) mission of protecting and responsibly managing the Nation's natural resources. Primary consumers of ERP information and products include the DOI land- and resource-management Bureaus; other Federal, State, and local agencies; the U.S. Congress and the Administration; nongovernmental organizations; the energy industry; academia; international organizations; and the general public.

Fact Sheet↗

USGS1997

Activities of the United States Geological Survey in Pennsylvania

Since the late 1800's, when the U.S. Geological Survey first established a presence in Pennsylvania, the focus of our work has changed from general hydrologic and geologic appraisals to issue-oriented investigations; from predominantly data collection to a balanced program of data collection, interpretation, and research; and from traditional, hand-drawn mapping to digitally produced coverages with specialized themes. Yet our basic mission has not changed. It is as relevant to the resource issues of today as it was when our geologists first arrived in western Pennsylvania in 1884. Continuing in this proud heritage and tradition, the U.S. Geological Survey is moving confidently toward the next century, evolving organizationally and technologically to better meet the needs of our many constituencies. One major organizational change is the recent accession of employees from the former National Biological Service, who now form the Survey's fourth program division, the Biological Resources Division. These employees join forces with colleagues in our other three divisions: Water Resources, Geologic, and National Mapping. More than any other change in decades, the addition of this biological expertise creates new and exciting opportunities for scientific research and public service. This report provides an overview of recent activities in Pennsylvania conducted by the four program divisions and is intended to inform those interested in U.S. Geological Survey products and services. Additional information is available on our home page (at http://wwwpah2o.er.usgs.gov/). Together with numerous Federal, State, and local agencies and organizations who are our customers and partners, we at the U.S. Geological Survey look forward to providing continued scientific contributions and public service to Pennsylvania and the Nation.

Pennsylvania↗

USGS2018

Effect of spatial and temporal scale on simulated groundwater recharge investigations

Hydrologic model input datasets such as climate, land use, elevation, soil, and geology information are available in a range of scales for use in water resources investigations. Smaller spatial and temporal scale input data allow groundwater recharge models to simulate more physically realistic processes and presumably result in more accurate estimates of groundwater recharge. Projected climate data are, therefore, often downscaled to smaller spatial and temporal scales for use in these models. It is unknown, however, if increasingly smaller-scale climate data produce substantially different simulated recharge results, either in magnitude or trend. Also, even if simulated recharge results are different at a higher space and time resolution, simulation at coarser resolution might be adequate to provide recharge information at decision scales (e.g., meeting Colorado River compact requirements on a ten-year moving average basis). Historical climate datasets at three spatial (∼800 m, ∼4 km, and ∼12 km) and two temporal (daily and monthly) scales were used in a Soil Water Balance (SWB) model of the upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) to simulate groundwater recharge over the water-year 1982–2014 time period. The magnitude of annual and moving ten-year annual average recharge results for daily climate data were within 5% and 7% of ∼4 km results for ∼800 m and ∼12 km climate data, respectively, with deviations from 1982 to 2014 means within 1% and 3% (median), respectively. Comparison of simulated recharge results using the coarsest spatial and temporal climate data with results from the finest scale data indicated similar small differences over ten-year moving annual averages, over water years, and during high recharge months. While differences in simulated groundwater recharge magnitude, which may be important for groundwater-flow simulations, were substantial during some seasonal comparisons, trends in recharge were almost identical across scales, leading to similar conclusions about change from “normal”. Considering the uncertainty inherent in projected climate data, coarser spatial and longer temporal scale input data may be sufficient for water resources managers who need to understand changes in trends in groundwater recharge over water-year or longer time periods.

Upper Colorado River Basin↗

USGS1950

Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the upper Utukok and Kokolik Rivers area

U. S. Geological Survey Navy Oil Unit Party I examined the surface geology of the area of the upper Utukok River and east fork of the Kokolik River from June 28 to September 3, 1950. The party consisted of six men: E. G. Sable and M. D. Mangus, geologists; C. L. Hummel and F. H. Shannon, field assistants; R. D. Gerard, cook; and L. E. Hall, weasel mechanic. Three weasels were used for transportation in the field. The area examined approximates 1,000 square miles and is in the extreme southwest corner of Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. It is bounded on the west by Iligluruk Creek (east fork of the Kokolik) and on the east by Driftwood Creek. With the exception of Driftwood Creek, major streams were ascended to their headwaters in the De Long Mountains. A traverse southward over the Utukok-Kugururok Rivers divide was successfully completed, providing a "tie-in" with the work of Navy Oil Unit Party 7. Several traverses were made 8 miles north of the Driftwood anticline and to the west fork of the Colville River. The objectives of this part of the summer's work were (1) the geologic mapping and stratigraphic study of the rocks exposed in this area, and (2) measurement of stratigraphic thicknesses of sediments older than those exposed in the Driftwood anticline. Geology was plotted on vertical and trimetrogon oblique aerial photographs. Altitudes were established by altimeter traverses. The northern part of this area was previously investigated by members of the Navy Oil Unit. In 1947 R. M. Thompson and W. L. Barksdale1/ visited outcrops along the Utukok River, and in 1949 R. M. Chapman and E. G. Sable2/ examined exposures along the Kokolik River. (See fig. 1, index map.)

Alaska↗

USGS2009

Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230

During 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed, calibrated, and validated a multidimensional flow model for simulating streamflow in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River in Idaho. The model was developed as a tool to aid understanding of the physical factors affecting quality and quantity of spawning and rearing habitat used by the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and for assessing the feasibility of various habitat-enhancement scenarios to re-establish recruitment of white sturgeon. At the request of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, the USGS extended the two-dimensional flow model developed in 2005 into a braided reach upstream of the current white sturgeon spawning reach. Many scientists consider the braided reach a suitable substrate with adequate streamflow velocities for re-establishing recruitment of white sturgeon. The 2005 model was extended upstream to help assess the feasibility of various strategies to encourage white sturgeon to spawn in the reach. At the request of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the USGS also extended the two-dimensional flow model several kilometers downstream of the white sturgeon spawning reach. This modified model can quantify the physical characteristics of a reach that white sturgeon pass through as they swim upstream from Kootenay Lake to the spawning reach. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System was used for the 2005 modeling effort and for this subsequent modeling effort. This report describes the model applications and limitations, presents the results of a few simple simulations, and demonstrates how the model can be used to link physical characteristics of streamflow to the location of white sturgeon spawning events during 1994-2001. Model simulations also were used to report on the length and percentage of longitudinal profiles that met the minimum criteria during May and June 2006 and 2007 as stipulated in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biological Opinion.

Idaho↗

USGS1950

Stratigraphy and structure of the Okpikruak and Kiruktagiak Rivers area, Alaska

Navy Oil Unit Party 4, during the summer field season of 1949, examined the surface geology of the area of the Okpikruak and Kiruktagiak Rivers. The party consisted of six men: two geologists, two field assistants, a weasel mechanic, and a cook. Three weasels were used for transportation in the field. The area covered is bounded on the west by the Okpikruak River, on the east by the Chandler River, and on the south by the north front of the Brooks Range. Tuktu Bluff on the Chandler River and its westward extension forms the northern boundary. The area is drained by the Chandler, Kiruktagiak, Ayiyak, Okokmilaga, and Okpikruak Rivers. The objectives of this summer's work was the geologic mapping and stratigraphic study of the rocks that crop out in this area. All outcrops were visited and the geology was plotted on vertical and trimetrogon oblique aerial photographs. Altitudes were established by an altimeter traverse. Parts of this area had been investigated previously by members of the Navy Oil Unit. During the summer of 1945 George Gryc, E. J. Webber, and Karl Stefansson visited outcrops along the. Chandler and Kiruktagiak Rivers and in the vicinity of Castle Mountain. In the same year L. A. Warner and C. E. Kirschner examined outcrops along the Okpikruak River in conjunction with their survey of the Klink and Colville Rivers. R. L. Detterman included detailed stratigraphic studies of cutbanks near the confluence of the Kiruktagiak and Chandler Rivers in his geological mapping of the lower Chandler during the summer of 1948.

Alaska↗

USGS1956

Geology and ore deposits of the Monument Valley area, Apache and Navajo Counties, Arizona

In 1951 the U.S. Geological Survey undertook a program of uranium investigations in Apache and Navajo Counties, northeastern Arizona. The work had three major objectives. The first was to accumulate data basic to an understanding of the regional geology. The second was to appraise the Triassic strata as host rocks for uranium deposits, and to select areas favorable for exploration for concealed deposits. The third objective was to study the controls that influence uranium deposition and from this study, to establish guides useful in prospecting for uranium deposits.

Arizona↗

USGS2004

Surface geophysical investigation of the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste at the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, Spring 2004

The former Tyson Valley Powder Farm near Eureka, Missouri, was used primarily as a storage facility for the production of small arms ammunition during 1941?47 and 1951?61. A secondary use of the site was for munitions testing and disposal. Surface exposures of small arms waste, characterized by brass shell casings and fragments, as well as other miscellaneous scrap metal are remnants of disposal practices that took place during U.S. Army operation and can be found throughout the site. Little historical information exists describing disposal practices, and more debris is believed to be buried in the subsurface. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has identified several areas of concern throughout the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. A surface-geophysical investigation was performed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, to evaluate the areal and vertical extent of metallic debris in the subsurface within three of these areas of concern. Electromagnetic and magnetic methods were used to locate anomalies indicating relatively large concentrations of buried metallic debris within the selected areas of concern. Maps were created identifying twelve anomalous zones in the three areas of concern, and three of these zones were selected for further investigation. The extent and depth of the anomalies within these zones were explored using two-dimensional direct-current resistivity methods. Resistivity and time-domain induced polarization data were compared to the anomalous locations of the electromagnetic and magnetic surveys. The geophysical methods selected for this study were useful in determining the areal and vertical extent of metallic waste within the former Tyson Valley Powder Farm. However, electromagnetic and magnetic methods were not able to differentiate magnetic scrap metal from non-magnetic metallic small arms waste, most likely due to the small size and scattered distribution of the small arms waste, in addition to the mixing of both types of debris in the subsurface. Electromagnetic and magnetic data showed some zones of concentrated anomalies, while there was a general scattering of small anomalies throughout the site. Inverted resistivity sections, as well as induced polarization sections, showed the debris to have a maximum depth of approximately 1 to 2 meters below the surface.

Scientific Investigations Report↗

USGS2023

Active volcanism on the Arabian Shield—Geology, volcanology, and geophysics of northern Harrat Rahat and vicinity, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Active volcanic systems pose serious hazards to people and property including inundation and incineration by lava, blanketing by tephra (volcanic ash), exposure to noxious volcanic gases, and damage from shallow earthquakes triggered by ascending molten material (magma). To improve understanding of volcanism and associated seismicity on the western Arabia Plate, the Saudi Geological Survey and the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a multi-year investigation of the northern Harrat Rahat volcanic field adjacent to the city of Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Project components included creation of a high-resolution digital topographic base; interpretation of eruptive history supported by detailed geologic mapping, paleomagnetism, and abundant high-precision geochronology of volcanic deposits; assessments of eruptive styles and volcanic hazards by physical volcanology; investigation of the origins of magmas in the mantle and of their differentiation in the crust revealed by chemical and isotopic petrology; gravity and magnetotelluric surveys to reveal crustal structures and to search for magma reservoirs; and regional and local seismic tomography and analyses of seismic hazards. Project results are presented in this Professional Paper as chapters written for technical scientific audiences.

Professional Paper↗

USGS2023

The Saudi Geological Survey-U.S. Geological Survey northern Harrat Rahat project—Styles, rates, causes, and hazards of volcanism near Al Madīnah al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al Madīnah al Munawwarah↗

USGS1946

Ground water in Pavant Valley

The users of wells for irrigation in Pavant Valley, particularly in the Flowell district, have long been cognizant of their utter dependency upon ground water for livelihood, and were among the first in the State to make an organized effort to conserve supplies by prevention of waste. Since passage of the State ground-water law in 1935, the State Engineer has not approved applications for new wells in the areas of most concentrated development, and has deferred adjudication of existing water rights until adequate data concerning the ground-water resources become available. The investigation of ground-water resources in Pavant Valley was suggested by the State Engineer and constitutes one of a series that are being made in the important groundwater basins of Utah by the Federal Geological Survey in cooperation with the State Engineer. The investigation was under the general supervision of Oscar E. Meinzer, geologist in charge of the ground-water division of the Federal Geological Survey. H. E. Thomas, in charge of groundwater investigations in Utah, returned from military service overseas in time to assist in the completion of the manuscript, and edited the report.

Utah↗

USGS1988

Summary of water data for the Janzen recharge investigation, Scott County, Kansas, 1980-86

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1, established data collection instrumentation around an earthen dam in Scott County , west-central Kansas. The dam was placed on an ephemeral drainage to monitor water storage behind the dam, precipitation, and groundwater levels in the vicinity. This report briefly describes the site and summarizes the data collected at that site from May 1980 through September 1986, when data collection was discontinued. The dam is capable of impounding 300-acre-ft of water at the level of the emergency spillway, draining to 24 acre-ft of water at the level of the principal spillway. The reservoir behind the dam receives surface water runoff from a drainage area of about 8,000 acres. Water storage behind the dam occurred three times during the period of data collection, but water never reached the level of the principal spillway. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗