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The Guatemala earthquake and Caribbean Plate tectonics

The main fault along which the destructive Guatemala earthquake occurred was the Motagua fault. Ground breakage was observed in a continuous, well-defined line for 230 km. At its closest point, the fault is 25 km north of Guatemala City. Surface displacement across the fault was dominantly horizontal and sinistral (see back cover). The strike-slip component averaged 1.08m and was as high as 3.40m. Unlike many other earhtquake-related strike-slip displacements in the world (such as the San Andreas system in California), subsidiary faults, splays, and an echelon offsets are relatively rare along the Motagua fault. Most of the fault trace is marked by linear stream valleys, minor scarps, shutter ridges (a fault-displaced ridge which "shuts in" the adjacent canyon), and sag ponds (fault-formed depressions which fill with water).

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Worldwide standardized seismograph network

A global network of seismographs is as indispensable to seismologists as telescopes are to astronomers. The network is used to catalog the thousands of earthquakes that occur each year and to provide the data needed for detailed studies of earthquake mechanisms, deep Earth structure, and tectonic processes. Like astronomy, seismology is an observational science, and most of the scientific advances have been preceded by improvements in instrument technology. To be useful for seismic studies, new technology must be applied on a global scale. During the past two decades, there has been notable success in meeting this objective. The network that exists today (fig. 1) is a vital scientific resource. Continued innovations and improvements are needed to insure that its keeps pace with the data needs of the seismological community.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Laboratory experiments duplicate conditions in the Earth’s crust

An experimental device that simulates conditions in the Earth's crust at depths of up to 30 kilometers has been constructed by geophysicists working at the U.S Geological Survey laboratories in Menlo Park, California. A high pressure "bomb" is being used to experimentally measure the velocity of seismic waves in different types of rock at various confining pressures and temperatures. The principal purpose of these measurements is to determine the elastic and non-elastic properties of rocks and minerals under conditions of high-pressure such as exist deep in the Earth's crust.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, September-October 1984

There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period but earthquake related deaths wre reported from Japan Turkey. Algeria the USSR, and Yugoslavia had damaging earthquakes. In the United States, Wyoming experienced a couple of moderate earthquakes, and off the coast of northern California, a strong earthquake shook much of the northern coast of California and parts of the Oregon coast.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes November-December 1984

Major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) were located in Sumatera, the Philippine Vanuatu Islands, Kamchatka, and the Mid-Atlantic Ocean during this reporting period. Earthquake-related deaths were reported from a magnitude 5.8 quake in India. There was no significant damage from earthquakes in the United States.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes March-April 1985

There were two major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period-both were in Chile and both caused fatalities. Earthquake-related deaths were also reported from the Philippine Islands, Bolivia, and China. In the United States a strong earthquake occurred in Alaska on March 9 and a magntidue 6.3 earthquake occurred off the coast of Oregon on March 13.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, July-August 1984

There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) and no earthquake related deaths reported during this period but injuries and damage were experienced in Japan from earthquakes. There were no earthquake casualties reported in the United States but some minor damage was reported.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, January-February 1985

There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during the first two months of the year. Argentina reported the first deaths from an earthquake on January 26 and Iran reported on earthquake-related death on February 2. In the United States, there were no casualties or damage reported from earthquakes.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes; September-October 1983

Two major earthquakes (magntidue 7.0-7.9) occurred during the month of October. The first was on October 4 in northern Chile. the second occurred in the United States in the State of Idaho on October 28. This was the first major earthquake in the conterminous United States since a magnitude 7.2 event occurred near the coast of northern California on November 8, 1980, and was the first earthquake to cause fatalities in the conterminous United States since February 9, 1971. The most deadly earthquake occurred in eastern Turkey on October 30.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, July-August 1983

There were three major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period, but all were in sparsely populated areas. The first occurred on July 11 in the South Shetland Islands, the second in the Aegean Sea on August 6, and the third on August 17 in Kamchatka. Earthquake-related deaths from other quakes were reported from Costa Rica, Iran, Japan, Turkey, the Philippine Islands, and Sicily. In the United States, aftershocks continued in the Coalinga, California, area; the largest was a magnitude (M) 6.0 on July 21. A magntidue 6.3 earthquake occurred in southern Alaska on July 12.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, March-April 1983

March and April were quite active with widespread deaths and damage from earthquakes. There were two major (magnitude 7.0-7.9) earthquakes, one in the New Ireland region and the other in Costa Rica. The most devastating earthquake occurred in Colombia. deaths from earthquakes also occurred in Iran, Costa Rica, and Peru. The United States experienced a number of earthquakes during this reporting period, but only slight damage was reported from some of the earthquakes.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)

Earthquakes, January-February 1981

The first 2 months of the year were somewhat active, seismically speaking. Two major earthquakes (magnitude 7.0-7.9) occurred during the month of January, a magnitude 7.1 Japan on the 8th and a magntidue 7.1 in the Aleutian Islands on the 30th. Fatalities and damage were experienced in Irian Jaya (formerly West New Guinea) on January 19, in China on January 23, in Italy on February 14, and in Greece on February 24. In the United States, there were a number of earthquakes, the largest, a magnitude 7.1, in the Aleutian Islands, but none of the quakes caused injuries or serious damage.

Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)