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This report is intended to serve a wide range of people including educators, scientists, planners, and those who wish to enjoy travel on the river. the data-summary charts, graphs, and tables are intended to be specific enough so that users who require precise information need not resynthesise the original numerical data.
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The northern part of the Tenmile and Taunton River basins occupies an area of about 195 square miles. It includes some of the rapidly growing suburbs of Boston, Attleboro, and Brockton and lies along major highways connecting Boston with Fall River and Providence, Rhode Island. (See location map.) The purpose of this report is to delineate the extent of and to estimate the annual sustained yield and pumpage of the principal aquifers that are suitable for exploration for high-yielding wells to meet the needs of municipal water systems and industry. Lesser aquifers providing water for industrial, commercial, domestic, and some municipal supplies are also outlined. This report is based on geologic mapping, records of about 2,200 wells and test borings, seismic records, and discussion of water problems with municipal and corporate officials, drillers, and consulting engineers. Selected test borings and wells, including most municipal and industrial wells, are located on the map. They indicate areas from which water is pumped, saturated thickness and texture of materials, yield of wells, and areas in which exploratory work has already been done. Additional subsurface data are listed in a separate report (Williams and Willey, 1967).
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The Buffalo River watershed includes two general physiographic areas – a glacial lake plain and an glacial moraine. The lake plain, which was formed by Glacial lake Agassiz more than 9,000 years ago, is extremely flat – sloping only a few feet per mile westward near the Red River of the North. The moraine is largely an area of gently rolling hills, but in the eastern “tail” of the watershed the relief locally is over two hundred feet. The watershed has an area of about 1,690 square miles and includes most of Clay County and parts of Wilkin, Otter Tail, Becker, and Norman Counties. The population of the area is about 45,500 – 31,000 urban and 14,500 rural. The economy is largely agricultural. Sugar beet and wheat farming are dominant in the areas of clay and silt; potato farming is confined mainly to the sandy areas. Dairying and stock raising is important in the morainal area. The larger industries are located in Moorhead and consist of sugar beet, potato, and dairy product processing. Water-based recreation consists mostly of fishing in the larger lakes in the morainal area, and water-fowl hunting in the area of prairie potholes – the western part of the morainal area.
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In 1960 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Dakota State Water Resources Commission and the South Dakota State Geological Survey, started a program for the hydrogeologic investigation of glacial drift in selected drainage basins in eastern South Dakota. This program was designed to delineate water-bearing deposits of glacial-outwash sand and gravel, and to determine their water-yielding characteristics, particularly with regard to irrigation and industrial use. Investigations of this type will aid in planning the use and conservation of ground water for future agricultural and industrial growth in South Dakota. This report describes the part of the Big Sioux River drainage basin from Sioux Falls north to a U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 9M miles southeast of Brookings (see fig. 1). The drainage area, about 675 square miles, is in the southwestern part of the Coteau des Prairies section of the Central Lowland physiographic province, as defined by Flint (1955, p. 5). It includes the Big Sioux River valley in Moody and north-central Minnehaha Counties, and the uplands that drain into the valley, from Brookings, Lake, Moody, and Minnehaha Counties, South Dakota, and Pipestone and Lincoln Counties, Minnesota. This report is based on data from field and laboratory studies and from published and unpublished records of State and Federal agencies. The investigations included: (1) Delineating area of water-bearing glacial outwash deposits; (2) inventorying wells to locate areas of greatest ground-water potential; (3) examining samples from auger holes to define thickness, extent, and character of water-bearing deposits; (4) determining the altitudes of selected test holes and wells for use in preparing cross sections and watertable maps; (5) collecting and analyzing water samples to determine the chemical character of water; and (6) testing aquifers to determine the hydrologic properties of the water-bearing deposits. Data consisting of logs of wells and test holes, waterlevel measurements, chemical analyses of water, stream-runoff measurements, and determinations of the hydrologic properties of aquifers are contained in a separate report by Ellis and Adolphson (1968).
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