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Interpreting and Reporting Radiological Water-Quality Data

This document provides information to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Science Centers on interpreting and reporting radiological results for samples of environmental matrices, most notably water. The information provided is intended to be broadly useful throughout the United States, but it is recommended that scientists who work at sites containing radioactive hazardous wastes need to consult additional sources for more detailed information. The document is largely based on recognized national standards and guidance documents for radioanalytical sample processing, most notably the Multi-Agency Radiological Laboratory Analytical Protocols Manual (MARLAP), and on documents published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the American National Standards Institute. It does not include discussion of standard USGS practices including field quality-control sample analysis, interpretive report policies, and related issues, all of which shall always be included in any effort by the Water Science Centers. The use of 'shall' in this report signifies a policy requirement of the USGS Office of Water Quality.

Techniques and Methods↗

Selected hydrologic data for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, 1890-1992

This report contains hydrologic data collected in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys from 1890 to 1992. Southern Utah and Goshen Valleys are south of Salt Lake City in Utah County, north-central Utah. The area is bounded on the east and south by the Wasatch Range, on the south by Long Ridge, on the west by the East Tintic Mountains and the Mosida Hills, and on the north by a line through about the middle of T. 7 S. Southern Utah Valley and Goshen Valley are divided by the northern tip of Long Ridge, West Mountain, and Utah Lake (Cordova, 1970). The area is in the Basin and Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931), and includes about 390 square miles. Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Cordova (1969 and 1970). The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to document data collected during a 4-year study of the ground-water resources in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys. Tables 1 to 8 contain selected ground- and surface-water data. Select data, including well depth and water level, is given for over 400 wells, and chemical analyses are given of samples from about 90 wells. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic-data sites is illustrated in figure 1. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1. These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities, who permitted access to their wells and property.

Utah↗

Streamflow, water-quality, and biological data on streams in an area of longwall coal mining, southern Ohio, water years 1987-89

This report presents data on the first 3 years of a 5-year study of the effects of longwall coal mining on six streams near a mining complex in Meigs, Gallia, and Vinton Counties, Ohio. Longwall coal mining is method of underground mining in which 75 to 90 percent of the coal is removed; conventional methods, such as room-and-pillar mining, remove only about 50 percent of the coal. Use of the longwall method is expected to increase in Ohio. Collapse or subsidence of the overburden and land surface occurs immediately after the removal of the coal. Such collapse can disrupt surface drainage and the recharge of ground water. The data include streamflow, water quality, and the abundance and diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish. The data were collected from eight sites on six streams from July 1987 through September 1989. The drainage areas of these sites range from 2.04 to 80.8 square miles and include the major drainages of the area being mined. Total precipitation in 1987 and 1988 in the study area was 78 and 81 percent, respectively, of the annual average (from 1939 to 1989) of 39.59 inches. The total precipitation in 1989 was 135 percent of the annual average. Streams at six of the eight sites were dry for parts of the first 2 years. Specific conductance ranged from 180 to 3,500 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, pH ranged from 6.9 to 8.0, and the concentration of total recoverable iron ranged from 80 to 1,800 micrograms per liter. Macroinvertebrate and fish populations indicate a warmwater-habitat rating of fair to good according to Ohio Environmental Protection Agency standards. This information will help provide a data base from which the effects of longwall mining on streams in southern Ohio can be evaluated. Correlations of surface-water quality and quantity with longwall mining were not attempted in this study.

Open-File Report↗

Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been active in West Virginia since the early 1900's. During recent years, the District completed several investigations as well as initiated others. An intense effort has been made to publish interpretive reports and data on a near-current basis. As a result of this effort, a significant number of water resources reports were completed and/or published during the 1989 fiscal year. This report contains a complete list of USGS reports addressing West Virginia hydrology as of December 1989. The mission of the Water Resources Division is to provide the hydrologic information and understanding needed for the optimum utilization and management of the Nation 's water resources for the overall benefit of the people in the United States. This is accomplished, in large part , through cooperation with other Federal and non-Federal agencies, by: (1) Collecting, on a systematic basis, data needed for the continuing determination and evaluation of the quantity, quality, and use of the Nation 's water resources; (2) Conducting analytical and interpretive water resource appraisals describing the occurrence, availability, and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface and groundwater; (3) conducting supportive basic and problem-oriented research in hydraulics, hydrology, and related fields of science to improve the scientific basis for investigations and measurement techniques and to understand hydrologic systems sufficiently well to quantitatively predict their response to stress, either natural or manmade; (4) disseminating the water data and the results of these investigations and research through reports, maps, computerized information services, and other forms of public releases; (5) Coordinating the activities of Federal agencies in the acquisition of water data for streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and groundwaters; and (6) Providing scientific and technical assistance in hydrologic fields to other Federal, State and local agencies, to licensees of the Federal Power Commission, and to international agencies on behalf of the Department of State. (Lantz-PTT)

Open-File Report↗

Report on progress at the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data (CESMD)

Strong-motion data of engineering and scientific importance from the United States and other seismically active countries are served through the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data (CESMD) at www.strongmotioncenter.org. Recently, the CESMD staff, with cooperation from colleagues at international strong-motion seismic networks, has disseminated strong-motion data from significant earthquakes that occurred in Italy, Haiti, Mexico, New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Turkey, and the United States. The CESMD now automatically posts strong-motion data from an increasing number of seismic stations in California within a few minutes following an earthquake as an Internet Quick Report (IQR). As appropriate, IQRs are updated by more comprehensive Internet Data Reports that include reviewed versions of the data and maps showing, for example, the finite fault rupture along with the distribution of recording stations. Automated processing of strong-motion data will be extended to post the strong-motion records of the regional seismic networks of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) outside California. Transfer of the operational and maintenance responsibilities for the Consortium of Organizations for Strong Motion Observation Systems (COSMOS) Virtual Data Center (VDC) from the University of California at Santa Barbara to the CESMD is nearing completion. The VDC Tagged Format (VTF) file format has been adopted by the CESMD as the standard for converting strong motion data to facilitate the process of uploading data into the VDC database. The CESMD now provides strong-motion records from lower magnitude (<M3.5) and smaller amplitude (<0.5%g) records for use in developing ground motion prediction equations in areas with less frequent earthquakes, such as the Central and Eastern US.

Conference Paper↗

Physical and Chemical Data from Eolian Sediment Collected Along a Transect from the Mojave Desert to the Colorado Plateau

This report presents data and describes the methodology for magnetic, geochemical, and textural measurements of sediment and bedrock samples collected along a transect across the Southwestern United States (fig. 1). The results presented here support a study that examines compositional variations of mineral dust deposited during the past few centuries in isolated natural traps spanning a region from the Mojave Desert of southern California to the central Colorado Plateau (Goldstein and others, in press; fig. 1). In particular, the study addresses the spatial and temporal variations in dust composition in the context of landscape geochemistry over a large area of the southwestern United States.

Open-File Report↗

Surface-water-quality assessment of the Upper Illinois River basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin : data on manmade nonagricultural volatile and semivolatile organic chemicals in water, May 1988 through March 1990

This report contains data from the survey of manmade nonagricultural volatile and semivolatile organic chemicals in surface water in the upper Illinois River basin from May 1988 through March l990. In addition to the data, sampling methods and quality-assurance procedures are described. The survey was part of the upper Illinois River basin pilot project of the National Water-Quality Assessment program conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The organic chemicals analyzed from the water samples were those expected to be associated primarily with effluent from point sources in urban areas. A low-flow synoptic investigation of 52 volatile and 54 semivolatile organic chemicals was conducted at 31 sites in July 1988. Additional samples were collected monthly at two sites to continue to test for the presence of 43 volatile organic chemicals from December 1988 through March l990, and of all semivolatile organic chemicals at two sites from August through September 1988.

Open-File Report↗

Clay mineral content of continental shelf and river sediments, southern California

This report contains data on the clay mineral content of 250 shelf surface-sediment samples from the California Continental Borderland (Tables 1, 2; Figures 1-7), 79 samples with depth in cores from Santa Monica Bay (Table 3; see Table 1 for surface sediment data for those same cores and for core locations), 24 suspended and 13 bottom sediment samples from rivers draining Southern California (Table 4), and six rock samples or composite rock samples from the Palos Verdes Headland (Table 4). This report is designed as the data repository and these data are discussed in a paper by Hein et al. (2001).

California↗

Selected hydrologic data for Juab Valley, Utah, 1935-94

This report contains selected hydrologic data collected in Juab Valley, Utah, from 1935 to 1994. The study area is in eastern Juab County in central Utah. The area is bounded on the east by the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains and on the west by Long Ridge and West Hills. A ground-water divide exists south of Levan Ridge, a topographic divide that separates the valley into northern and southern parts. The area is in the Basin and Range Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931) and includes about 171 square miles of basin-fill deposits (pl. 1). Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the East Juab Water Conservancy District. Some of the earlier data were published previously by Bjorklund (1967) and Bjorklund and Robinson (1968). Some well-location names have been changed from those published previously because new larger-scale maps allow location to be plotted more accurately. The changes are footnoted in the tables. The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the water resources of the area and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Selected well, spring, surface-water, and rock-sample data are reported in tables 1 to 10. Selected data, including well depth and water level, are reported for 283 wells, and results of chemical analyses are reported for samples from 74 wells, 15 springs, and 7 surface-water sites. The numbering system used in Utah for hydrologic data sites is shown in figure 1. Locations of the hydrologic-data sites and the rock-sample site are shown on plate 1. Discharge-measurement sites on Salt Creek, on selected canals, and in the West Creek area are shown in figure 2. These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities that permitted access to their wells, springs, and property.

Utah↗

Selected hydrologic data for Cache Valley, Utah and Idaho, 1969-91

This report contains hydrologic data collected in Cache Valley from 1969 to 1991. The report area is in north-central Utah and southeast Idaho, within the Basin and Range physiographic province described by Fenneman (1931), and includes about 660 square miles. Most of the data in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Divisions of Water Resources and Water Rights. Some of the data collected before 1969 were previously published by McGreevy and Bjorklund (1970). The purpose of this report is to provide hydrologic data for use by the general public and by officials managing the area's water resources, and to supplement interpretive reports for the area. Tables 1 to 7 contain selected well, spring, and surface-water data. The numbering systems used in this report for hydrologic-data sites are illustrated in figure 1. Hydrologic-data sites are shown on plate 1. These data could not have been collected without the cooperation of local residents and officials of irrigation companies and municipalities, that permitted access to their wells, springs, and canals to measure water levels in wells and flow in springs and canals. The Idaho Department of Water Resources also provided valuable assistance and data.

Idaho, Utah↗

Channel response to low-elevation desert fire: The King Valley Fire of 2005

In late September to early October 2005, a fire swept north from the Yuma Proving Grounds and into the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), traveling mainly along desert wash systems and low-relief alluvial fans. This fire burned 9,975 ha, moving through xeroriparian systems in washes as well as low-elevation desert ecosystems in King Valley, a major area of designated wilderness in the southern part of the Kofa NWR. Using satellite imagery, we determined that 9,255 ha of the Kofa NWR in King Valley burned. The fine-fuel loading for the fire was mostly a native forb (Plantago insularis), and the desert environment that was burned was mostly low-cover creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) scrub with scattered palo verde (Cercidium microphyllum). The wash environments had significant tree cover, including ironwood (Olneya tesota), blue palo verde (Cercidium floridum), desert willow (Chilopsis linearis), and/or smoke tree (Psorothamnus spinosa). This report presents monitoring data collected in June 2006 and January-February 2007 on the effects of this fire on channel morphology in King Valley.

Arizona↗

Installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network on the east side of the Uncompahgre River in the Lower Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, 2012

The east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin has been a known contributor of dissolved selenium to recipient streams. Discharge of groundwater containing dissolved selenium contributes to surface-water selenium concentrations and loads; however, the groundwater system on the east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin is not well characterized. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Bureau of Reclamation, has established a groundwater-monitoring network on the east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin. Ten monitoring wells were installed during October and November 2012. This report presents location data, lithologic logs, well-construction diagrams, and well-development information. Understanding the groundwater system will provide managers with an additional metric for evaluating the effectiveness of salinity and selenium control projects.

Colorado↗

Installation of a groundwater monitoring-well network on the east side of the Uncompahgre River in the Lower Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, 2014

The east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin has been a known contributor of dissolved selenium to recipient streams. Discharge of groundwater containing dissolved selenium contributes to surface-water selenium concentrations and loads; however, the groundwater system on the east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin is not well characterized. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board and the Bureau of Reclamation, has established a groundwater-monitoring network on the east side of the Uncompahgre River Basin. Thirty wells total were installed for this project: 10 in 2012 (DS 923, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds923 ), and 20 monitoring wells were installed during April and June 2014 which are presented in this report. This report presents location data, lithologic logs, well-construction diagrams, and well-development information. Understanding the groundwater system can provide managers with an additional metric for evaluating the effectiveness of salinity and selenium control projects.

Colorado↗

Arsenic in rocks and stream sediments of the central Appalachian Basin, Kentucky

Arsenic (As) enrichment in coal and stream sediments has been documented in the southern Appalachian basin (see Goldhaber and others, submitted) and is attributed to interaction of rocks and coal with metamorphic fluids generated during the Allegheny Orogeny (late Paleozoic). Similarly derived fluids are expected to affect the coal and in the Kentucky Appalachian Basin to the north as well. In addition, similar processes may have influenced the Devonian oil shale on the western margin of the basin. The major goals of this study are to determine the effect such fluids had on rocks in the Kentucky Appalachian basin (fig. 1), and to understand the geochemical processes that control trace-metal source, residence, and mobility within the basin. This report includes data presented in a poster at the USGS workshop on arsenic (February 21 and 22, 2001), new NURE stream sediment data3 , and field data from a trip in April 2001. Although data for major and minor elements and all detectable trace metals are reported in the Appendices, the narrative of this report primarily focuses on arsenic.

Kentucky↗

Records and logs of selected wells and test holes, chemical analyses of water, and water levels in observation wells in southeastern New Hampshire

The area covered by this report (fig. 1) includes about 390 square miles of southeastern New Hampshire adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between Massachusetts on the south and Maine on the north and east, and it is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by a line drawn approximately northward from Atkinson at the Massachusetts border to Farmington near the Maine border. The area includes parts of Rockingham and Strafford Counties. The report presents basic data collected as part of an investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of southeastern New Hampshire by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Hampshire Water Resources Board. These data have been prepared for release in order to make available to the public basic ground-water data that will be useful in the planning of water-resources development. Most of the data contained in this report were collected by Edward Bradley during the period September 1953 to January 1958.

New Hampshire↗

Water Resources Data, Virginia, Water, Year 2003 Volume 1. Surface-Water Discharge and Surface-Water Quality Records

Water-resources data for the 2003 water year for Virginia includes records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs. This volume contains records forwater discharge at 178 gaging stations; stage only at 2 gaging stations; stage and contents at 11 lakes and reservoirs; and water quality at 16 gaging stations. Also included are data for 49 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4 and 5. Miscellaneous hydrologic data were collected at 149 measuring sites and 6 water-quality sampling sites not involved in the systematic data-collectionprogram. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Virginia.

Water Data Report↗