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Use of water by reparian vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona - A summary
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User's guide to SELECT, an interactive VAX computer program for building subsets of earthquake summary data
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The Creede, Colorado ore-forming system; a summary model
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Cooperative research in marine geology with the USSR Academy of Sciences; the 42nd expedition of the R/V Dmitriy Mendelejev in the North Pacific Ocean; summary of operations
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Effects of alterations to low gradient reaches of Utah streams: summary
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Reconnaissance report on geology of Eklutna Lake dam site and conduit route near Anchorage, Alaska
Summary and Recommendations 1. Eklutna Lake and Eklutna Creek lie in a wide, deep, glaciated, trough-like valley. Downstream from the lake, this valley is partially filled with unconsolidated glacial and alluvial deposits. 2. Eklutna Lake dam site, located about 400 feet below the lake outlet, is suitable for a low dam of flexible, earth-embankment type. Adequate control of the stream can be obtained by raising the lake level about 50 feet to altitude 910 feet, which will provide hold-over storage from wet years to dry years. Such a structure will have a crest length of about 1,950 feet. A. Bedrock is probably 200 to 475 feet below stream bed at the proposed axis. The dam will rest on glacial deposits of till, clay, sand and gravel, and on deposits of lake-shore and alluvial fan gravels. B. Geologic conditions in the area of the right abutment, as yet imperfectly known, may make necessary a long, deep cutoff extending for an unknown distance beyond the north end of the dam. C. A foundation exploration program is recommended that includes deepening test pit No. 1 and drill hole No. 2, and drilling 11 new holes. It is suggested that one drill hold near the center of the valley be taken to bedrock to give a complete picture of the fill materials underlying the foundation. 3. Delivery of water from the forebay of the reservoir to the powerhouse eight miles downvalley by means of a conduit is regarded as infeasible because: difficult terrain of the route will require earthwork more extensive than the volume of the dam; the route is subject to land slides, and will require expensive maintenance; it is more or less completely exposed to adverse winter conditions that may engender icing conditions; and it is easily subject to sabotage. It is recommended that the water be taken to the powerhouse through a rock tunnel.
Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 1993 through September 1994) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Upper Clark Fork basin, Montana
Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to below Missoula as part of a program to characterize aquatic resources in the upper Clark Fork basin of western Montana. Water- quality data were obtained periodically at 16 stations during October 1993 through September 1994 (water year 1994); daily suspended-sediment data were obtained at six of these stations. Bed-sediment and biological data were obtained at 11 stations in August 1994. Sampling stations were located on the Clark Fork and major tributaries. The primary constituents analyzed were trace elements associated with mine tailings from historical mining and smelting activities. Water-quality data include concentrations of major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment in samples collected periodically during water year 1994. Daily values of streamflow, suspended-sediment concentration, and suspended- sediment discharge are given for six stations. Bed- sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine and bulk fractions. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Quality-assurance data are reported for analytical results of water, bed sediment, and biota. Statistical summaries of bed sediment, and biological data are provided for the period of record at each station since 1985.
Water-resources activities in Illinois, 1986
This report gives an overview of U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois District, Water Resources Division activities related to the water resources of the State of Illinois. The report includes sections describing District organization, programs, water conditions, data collection activities, and project summaries. Also included is a complete listing of District and Illinois-related USGS publications.
Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Illinois, 1993
This report gives an overview of U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois District, Water Resources Division activities related to the water resources of the State of Illinois. The report includes sections describing District organization, programs, water conditions, data collection activities, and project summaries. Also included is a complete listing of District and Illinois-related USGS publications.
Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Illinois, 1994
This report gives an overview of U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois District, Water Resources Division activities related to the water resources of the State of Illinois. The report includes sections describing District organization, programs, water conditions, data collection activities, and project summaries. Also included is a complete listing of District and Illinois-related USGS publications.
Bedrock geologic map of the Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Windsor County, Vermont, and Sullivan and Grafton Counties, New Hampshire
The bedrock geology of the 7.5-minute Hartland and North Hartland quadrangles, Vermont-New Hampshire, consists of highly deformed and metamorphosed lower Paleozoic metasedimentary, metavolcanic, and metaplutonic rocks of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium (BHA) and the Connecticut Valley trough (CVT). Rocks of the Orfordville anticlinorium on this map occupy the western part of the broader BHA. In the BHA, the Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics and graphitic, sulfidic metapelite of the Partridge Formation are intruded by Ordovician plutonic rocks of the Oliverian Plutonic Suite. The Ordovician rocks are collectively referred to as the Bronson Hill arc. The Ordovician rocks are overlain by the Silurian to Devonian Clough, Fitch, and Littleton Formations. On this map, rocks of the CVT occupy the eastern part of the broader CVT. In the CVT in Vermont, the Silurian to Devonian Shaw Mountain, Waits River, and Gile Mountain Formations form an unconformable autochthonous to parautochthonous cover sequence on the pre-Silurian rocks of the Rowe-Hawley zone above Precambrian basement rocks of the Mount Holly Complex. On this map, however, only the Waits River and Gile Mountain Formations are exposed. Syn- to postmetamorphic rocks include quartz veins and Cretaceous dikes of the White Mountain Igneous Suite. Rocks of the BHA occur in a thrust sheet floored by the Monroe fault, which carried a deformed section of plutonic rocks, Ammonoosuc Volcanics, Partridge Formation, Clough Quartzite, and the Fitch and Littleton Formations. The Monroe thrust sheet placed the BHA rocks over the CVT during an early Acadian F 1 nappe-stage event prior to peak metamorphism at lower amphibolite facies conditions. Upper and lower plate truncations, mylonite, and local mélange characterize the Monroe fault. F 2 doming deformed the Monroe thrust sheet, folded earlier isograds, and created the Meriden antiform and Lebanon dome. Lower greenschist facies (Acadian to Alleghanian) faults such as the Sumner Falls shear zone truncated peak-metamorphic assemblages, isograds, and older F 1 folds and faults. Late-stage F 3 folds show preferred left-lateral rotation sense and are probably related to late dome-stage Alleghanian deformation or motion along lower greenschist facies faults. The youngest deformation is characterized by Mesozoic brittle faulting and spatially associated kink bands along the Ammonoosuc fault zone, followed by subsequent jointing. Currently major economic natural resource activities are related to aggregate quarrying in the Ammonoosuc Volcanics at Twin State Sand and Gravel in Hartford, Vt., and Lebanon Crushed Stone in Lebanon, N.H. This report consists of sheets 1 and 2 as well as an online geographic information systems database that includes contacts of bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrops, structural geologic information, and photographs. Sheet 2 of this report shows three cross sections, a tectonic map, and two brittle features maps that show measured outcrop-scale strike and dip results with summary stereonets and rose diagrams.
Summary of recovered historical ground-water-level data for Michigan, 1934-2005
This report documents ground-water-level data-recovery efforts performed by the USGS Michigan Water Science Center and provides nearly three-hundred hydrographs generated from these recovered data. Data recovery is the process of verifying and transcribing data from paper files into the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) electronic databases appropriate for ground-water-level data. Entering these data into the NWIS databases makes them more useful for USGS analysis and also makes them available to the public through the internet.
Summary of ground-water conditions in Michigan in 1964
The purpose of this report is to make available records of groundwater level changes in the principal aquifers of the State during 1964 and compile other related data, such as ground-water pumpage, data on municipal, public and industrial water supply facilities, and the effects of precipitation on ground-water levels. Records of water level changes in areas of heavy pumpage and in areas where changes are principally from natural influences are illustrated or tabulated (table 2) to allow comparison between these two types of water-level fluctuations. The water-level and related data prOvide a day-to-day evaluation of available ground-water supplies. These long-term records serve as a framework to which many short-term records collected during an intensive investigation may be related. This report is written for those persons, municipalities, industries, institutions, consultants, drillers and hydrologists interested in the_groundwater resources of the State.
Summary of available ground-water data for the island of Oahu, Hawaii
This report presents, in tabular form, descriptive information and information on the availability of chloride concentration, water level, pumpage, log, pump test and flow data for all wells , shafts and tunnels on Oahu, Hawaii. Descriptive data for each groundwater source include: identification number, map number, depth, diameter, year completed, owner, usage and status. The report is based on data currently available in the files of the U.S. Geological Survey and is a compilation of observations made by Survey personnel, and information gathered by other agencies and the private sector. (USGS)
Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources – Lower Colorado region
This report summarizes ground-water availability in the lower Colorado region and discusses the potential for greater ground-water development and increased efficiency of water use. The climate in the most highly developed southwestern part of the region is warm and dry and that in the northeastern part is cool and moist to dry. Although the regional average annual precipitation is only about 14 inches and most streambeds are dry during most of the year, about 1.5 billion acre-feet of ground water of moderate to good chemical quality is stored in aquifers of the region. Much of the water use is founded on pumped withdrawal of ground water. However, in most of the southwestern part of the region pumpage and consumptive use are in excess of replenishment, resulting in declining water levels. In the southwestern part of the region, water levels generally are from 200-500 feet below land surface and in large areas are less than 200 feet. Large-diameter water wells in this part of the region commonly produce 500-1 ,500 gallons per minute of water. In the northeastern part of the region, water levels generally are more than 500 feet below land surface, but in some large areas water levels are from 200-500 feet, and locally are less than 200 feet below the surface. In the northeastern part of the region, water wells generally have lower yields than those to the southwest. The yields range from a few to 2,000 gallons per minute, but most wells yield from 10 to less than 500 gallons per minute. In the southwestern part of the region about 1 billion acre-feet of ground water is recoverable from storage from the water table to a depth of 700 feet below the land surface. In the northeast about 150 million acre-feet can be recovered by dewatering a 100-foot-thick section of a typical aquifer (16 million-acre area). The estimated current annual rate of ground-water depletion, occurring almost entirely in the southwestern part of the region, is 2.4-3.2 million acre-feet per year. Almost 6 million acre-feet is pumped each year-about 90 percent for agriculture, 6 percent for public supply, and 3 percent for industrial use. The percentage of use for public supply and industry is increasing each year. The potential for greater development of ground water in the southwestern part of the region is constrained by land subsidence, earth cracks, increasing costs of pumping and transportation, and moderate to poor chemical quality of water. More ground water can be developed in the northeastern part of the region, where the major constraint is pumping cost owing to low to moderate well yields and depth to water. Some benefits can be realized everywhere in the region through changes in current use and greater efficiencies of use. Additional supplies may be made available by capture of natural evapotranspiration. Increasing the efficiency of use is possible hydrologically but, in the near term, is more expensive than increasing groundwater development. Decrease of irrigation, change to water-saving methods of irrigation, use of saline water, decrease of per capita public- supply use, and more reuse of water in almost every type of use could help extend the supply and thereby reduce the current rate of ground-water depletion. Financial problems have not yet caused an overall decrease in pumpage, but, locally, operating costs or partial dewatering of the aquifer has eliminated or decreased withdrawal. Current water laws in all States of the region, except Arizona, control or allocate the use of ground water.
Summary of data on chemical quality of streams of North Carolina, 1943-67
This report summarizes water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State of North Carolina during the period 1943-67. Maximum, minimum, and average values are shown for complete analyses of mineral constituents dissolved in water from 177 locations at which samples were collected daily or monthly for at least 1 consecutive year. Maximum and minimum values are given for 460 'miscellaneous and occasional stations' at which two or more chemical analyses were made. Single analyses are shown for 580 additional sampling sites. A total of about 19,000 analyses were used in determining statistical values included in the report. Water in streams of North Carolina is generally of good mineral quality and is acceptable with a minimum amount of treatment for most uses.