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At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
USGS1979

Late Cenozoic deposits, landforms, stratigraphy, and tectonism in Kittitas Valley, Washington

Kittitas Valley, a structurally determined wide segment of the Yakima River valley, is partly filled with the Pliocene Thorp Gravel and with Pleistocene till, outwash, and related sediment that accumulated during three glaciations. The Thorp Gravel, whose age according to fission-track dating is about 3.7 m.y., forms a conspicuous fill terrace locally as high as 130 m. Bodies of drift, all younger than the Thorp Gravel, form nested fill terraces along the Yakima River. The massive moraines, intermediate morphostratigraphic position, and well-developed soil of the Kittitas Drift suggest its correlation with the penultimate northern-hemisphere glaciation of about 0.13 m.y. ago. The Lakedale Drift, which composes a single outwash terrace in Kittitas Valley, evidently correlates with the classical late Wisconsin Glaciation. The newly named Lookout Mountain Ranch Drift, which forms moraines at higher altitudes than and is older than the Kittitas Drift, lacks an attendant valley train. Three faults disrupt the Thorp Gravel but apparently not the Kittitas Drift, and therefore probably are between 0.13 and 3.7 m.y. old. The eastward trend and up-to-the-basin throw of the faults probably reflect reverse faulting due to a regional north-south compression that uparched several east-trending anticlines in central Washington. The southeast trend of the dextrally echelon arrangement of the faults apparently is due to a right-lateral couple across a zone parallel to the Olympic-Wallowa lineament.

Professional Paper↗
USGS1981

The Accotink Schist, Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation— Keys to an understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont

The newly named Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone of the Eastern Fairfax sequence are the structurally lowest metamorphic rocks in the northernmost Piedmont of Virginia. The Accotink consists of beds of pelitic schist that have thin basal intervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone, as well as interbeds of metasandstone like that in the overlying Lake Barcroft Metasandstone. The unit is characterized by the Bouma turbidite sequences Te and Tde and can be assigned to turbidite facies D and E. The thickness of the Accotink is not known because its base is not exposed. The Accotink Schist grades up into the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, which consists of two types of metasandstone. Type I metaarenite is quartzofeldspathic granofels which forms thick sequences of amalgamated beds that can best be described as belonging to the Bouma turbidite sequence Ta and to turbidite facies B 2 . Type II metagraywacke of the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone consists of micaceous metagraywacke in thin to medium beds, which can be described as belonging to the Buoma turbidite sequences Tabe and (or) Tae and to turbidite facies C. The Lake Barcroft Metasandstone appears to be about 400 m thick. It and the Accotink Schist are thought to represent a coarsening-upward sequence of an outer submarine-fan association of rocks. The Eastern Fairfax sequence is overlain by the Sykesville Formation. We believe that this contact is a movement surface upon which the Sykesville was emplaced by subaqueous sliding. The Sykesville contains isoclinally folded fragments, thought to be rip-ups, of Accotink and Lake Barcroft rocks. The Eastern Fairfax sequence is intruded by rocks of the Occoquan Granite batholith, which contains pendants of isoclinally folded schist and metagraywacke. Mter intrusion, the metasedimentary and plutonic rocks were folded together. Gamet and chlorite porphyroblasts within the Eastern Fairfax sequence appear to be related to the emplacement of the batholith. The minimum age of the Eastern Fairfax sequence is that of the Occoquan Granite batholith, currently thought to be about 560 m.y. The sequence, then, is considered to be of Early Cambrian age or older. The Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone have some lithic similarity to the Loch Raven Schist and Oella Formation of Crowley (1976) of the Baltimore area, but a correlation is very uncertain at this time. The newly named Popes Head Formation overlies all other metasedimentary and transported meta-igneous rocks in northernmost Virginia west ofthe Occoquan Granite batholith and is intruded by the batholith. The Popes Head consists of a lower Old Mill Branch Metasiltstone Member and an upper Station Hills Phyllite Member. The Old Mill Branch consists largely of alternating coarser and finer grained strata that are mostly fine- to very fine grained, mineralogically quite mature graded metasiltstone, which can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tbde and (or) Tde, more rarely Tcde. The metasiltstone contains interbedded intervals in which both felsic and mafic metatuff contain pristine euhedral crystals of igneous minerals. We believe that the metatuff represents ash-fall deposits. The Old Mill Branch appears to be about 730 m thick. The Old Mill Branch grades up into the Station Hills Phyllite Member, which consists of thin- to medium-bedded pelitic phyllite and smaller amounts of very fine grained metasiltstone. The metasiltstone beds are graded, and many phyllite beds appear to have basal in- tervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone. These beds can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tde. The Station Hills has intervals containing chlorite-rich phyllite, which probably represents mafic metatuff. No felsic metatuff has been recognized. The top of the Station Hills is not known, neither therefore, is its thickness. This unit appears to have a maximum thickness of about 300 m in northern

Virginia↗