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Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, October 1, 1991, to September 30, 1992

This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Utah District, from October 1, 1991, to September 30, 1992. The program in Utah during this period consisted of 20 projects; a discussion of each project is presented in the main body of this report. The following sections outline the origin of the U.S. Geological Survey, the basic mission of the Water Resources Division, the organizational structure of the Utah District, the distribution of District funding in terms of source of funds and type of activity funded, and the agencies with which the District cooperates. The last part of the introduction is a list of reports produced by the District from October 1991 to September 1992.

Utah↗

Assessment of Ambystomatid salamander populations and their breeding habitats in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area

This report presents abundance and occurrence data for three species of ambystomad salamanders ( Ambystoma maculatum, A. jeffersonianum, and A. opacum ) collected over a 3-year period (2000, 2001, and 2002) at 200 potentional breeding sies within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA). In addition, numerous measures of inpond, near-pond, and landscape attributes were measured and used to inform statistical models to determine species-habitat relationships in the DEWA. The results of a 3-year study of ambystomatid salamander breeding habits and habitats in the (DEWA) that was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, are described in the report. The objectives of the study were to document the population status and critical breeding habitats of the three species of ambystomatid salamanders known to be present in the DEWA— Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander), A. opacum (marbled salamander), and A. jeffersonianum (Jefferson salamander). DEWA managers are interested in ecological information on these species for several reasons. First, at the time the study began, there was little known regarding the status of pond-breeding amphibians and their habitats in the DEWA. Second, because they require undegraded habitats in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to successfully complete their life cycles, the status of ambystomatid salamanders is widely viewed as indicative of overall ecosystem health. Third, because ambystomatid salamanders and other pond-breeding amphibians have been observed in numerous artificial impoundments with the DEWA, park managers would like to assess whether dismantling or discontinuing maintenance of artificial impoundments could affect pond-breeding amphibians and possibly other species that use pond or wetland habitats in the Park. In 2001, 2002, and 2003, the size and location of 200 wetlands, ponds, and artificial impoundments, and related landscape positions (Ridge versus Valley; Pennsylvania side versus New Jersey side of the Delaware river) were mapped, and site habitat data relating to salamander occurrence and abundance patterns were collected. The data collected during this study provide important new baseline information on ambystomatid salamanders and wetland habitats in the DEWA that will enhance long-term inventory and monitoring efforts. In addition, breeding habitat assessments indicate that ambystomatid salamanders may be sensitive to a wide variety of stresses important in the DEWA and in the region. In particular, recent trends in development (for example, roads) in and near the DEWA, regional increases in the acidity of precipitation, and predicted long-term warming trends for the region could be detrimental to pond-breeding salamander populations because of their effects on breeding site quality and quantity, and on the integrity of migration corridors. In contrast, the results of the study indicate management plans to eliminate small impoundments are not likely to adversely affect salamanders in DEWA, at least in the short-term. However, it is possible that these small impoundments may offer stable habitats that provide a rescure effect during long-term droughts.

New Jersey, Pennsylvania↗

Statement on ground water in Connecticut

Connecticut has a supply of ground water, most of it of good quality, which is largely undeveloped, and much of which would lend itself to industrial and other uses. Ground water is available in small quantities in nearly all parts of the State, and in moderate to large quantities in many areas, chiefly along the major stream. However, specific and detailed information on the ground water is available in report form for relatively few specific localities and areas. Definitive investigations of the occurrence, general availability, quality, and quality of ground water in Connecticut are being made under cooperative agreements between the State Water Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey; and some progress has been made. Generalized information of a reconnaissance nature is shown on plate 1, which gives areas of estimated moderate to large yields, delineated on the basis of currently available data, and shows the locations of wells for which records are given in tables 1 and 2. Some specific information on particular areas is available in the open files of the agencies cooperating in the investigations.

Connecticut↗

Selected water-level records for Oklahoma, 1979-80

A systematic program to collect water-level records in Oklahoma began in 1937. The objectives of this program are (1) to provide long-term records of water-level fluctuations in representative wells, (2) to facilitate the prediction of water-level trends and indicate future availability of ground-water supplies, and (3) to provide information for use in basic research. Water-level data in table 1 are from wells that are measured annually, prior to the irrigation season to achieve the most natural representation of the static water level. Water level measurements listed in the column under 1979 may have been made during December 1978 or January, February, March, April, or May 1979. Measurements listed in the column 1980 may have been made during December 1979 or January, February, March, or April 1980. Figure 1 shows the counties and number of wells therein, where data were obtained for this report. Records of water levels in Oklahoma are obtained through a cooperative program by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board and the U.S. Geological Survey. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board collects water level data for all counties in the State and the records are tabulated and published by the U.S. Geological Survey on an annual basis. The stratigraphic nomenclature and age determinations used in this report are those accepted by the Oklahoma Geological Survey and do not necessarily agree with those at the U.S. Geological Survey except for the Cheyenne Sandstone which is considered to be Purgatoire Sandstone by the Oklahoma Geological Survey (Robert O. Fay, Personal Communication, August 9, 1979).

Open-File Report↗

Approaches for assessing long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)

The California Department of Transportation, commonly known as CalTrans, and other municipal separate storm sewer system permittees in California as well as other State departments of transportation nationwide need information about potential loads and yields (loads per unit area) of constituents of concern in stormwater runoff and discharges from stormwater best management practices (BMPs). Although its National Pollution Discharge Elimination System stormwater permit is focused on areas subject to total maximum daily load (TMDL) regulations, CalTrans builds and maintains BMPs to minimize the adverse effects of roadway runoff on receiving waters throughout the State. This report describes approaches used by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with CalTrans for using the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) to assess long-term annual yields of highway and urban runoff in selected areas of California. In this study, a series of regional and local yields were simulated to provide statewide planning-level estimates and more refined TMDL-specific yield values. SELDM was used to analyze 368 State roadway and urban runoff yields for 53 runoff quality constituents. The analyses included 222 random-seed analyses, 60 regional State roadway-runoff analyses, 24 regional urban roadway-runoff analyses, and 62 focused TMDL-area analyses. This report describes approaches and statistics used to analyze available hydrologic and runoff quality data in all analyses. Results for all analyses are provided in the model archive, but only a selected subset of results are presented as examples in this report. State roadway runoff, urban runoff, and BMP discharge yields for total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total zinc were selected as examples because they are widespread constituents of concern with substantial amounts of State roadway and urban runoff monitoring data. In this report, a hypothetical basin was specified by using available geographic information to demonstrate use of the State roadway and urban runoff yields to estimate long-term annual stormwater loads from developed areas. Application of these yields to the hypothetical basin indicates that although State-roadway yields may be higher than urban-runoff yields for some constituents, State-roadway loads may be a small proportion of total stormwater loads because State roadways themselves are a small fraction of the total impervious area in such basins. Although application of results from this study may have considerable uncertainty for any particular stormwater outfall, the study does provide robust estimates to support basin-scale runoff-load analyses in California. These analyses also provide estimates for the 12 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency level III ecoregions that are completely or partially within the boundaries of the State of California.

California↗

Records of ground-water levels and effects of pumping in the Ardmore well-field area, Carter County, Oklahoma

The purpose of this report is to outline the results of work done by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Ardmore well-field area, near Newport, Carter County. The work, completed in two periods between April 1964 and June 1965, was done as part of the ground-water program carried out by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. The study in the report area included: (1) a physical inventory of wells in the vicinity of the Ardmore well field (fig. 1); (2) information on depths, perforated intervals, ground-water levels, and water use (table 1); (3) records of water-level fluctuations in deep and shallow wells (table 2) to determine if there is a hydraulic connection between the deep zones tapped by Ardmore's wells and the shallow and intermediate zones tapped by domestic and stock wells in the surrounding area; and (4) general information on the geologic and hydrologic features that may be of use in evaluating the ground-water potential of the Wichita Formation, the principal aquifer in the area. (available as photostat copy only)

Open-File Report↗

Ground-water resources in the vicinity of the Crown Point Fish Hatchery, Essex County, New York

The Crown Point Fish Hatchery, one of several hatcheries operated by the New York State Conservation Department, is located in Crown Point Center, Essex County, on the eastern edge of the Adirondack Highlands and about 2 miles west of Lake Champlain. Figure 1 is a location map of the vicinity of the Hatchery. This report summarizes an investigation by the U.S. ·Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Conservation Department, Division of Water Resources, to locate and evaluate sources of additional ground-water supply for the Hatchery. In order to expand the facilities at the Hatchery, an additional water supply of about 100 gpm (gallons per minute) to as much as 350 gpm is needed. In addition, the type of fish culture practiced requires a water temperature of about 7 to 13 degrees Celsius (centigrade) for optimum results. The cooperation and assistance of the New York State Department of Transportation, Bureau of Soil Mechanics, the New York State Education Department, Museum and Science Service, and G. A. Connally of the State University of New York at New Paltz, during this study are gratefully acknowledged. Much of the preliminary field work was done by G. L. Giese and W. A. Hobba, Jr., U.S. Geological Survey, as part of a water-resources study of the Lake Champlain basin. The field work was supervised by R. C. Heath, former district chief of the Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey. G. G. Parker, district chief, supervised the preparation of this report.

New York↗

Selected hydrologic data from wells in the East Shore area of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1985

This report contains hydrologic data for wells collected in the East Shore area of the Great Salt Lake, Utah. It includes water-quality data, discharge measurements, water levels, and drillers* logs. The East Shore area (plate 1) includes about 430 square miles, bounded by the Wasatch Range on the east and the Great Salt Lake on the west. The first section line north of the town of Willard is the northern boundary, whereas the Davis-Salt Lake County line is the southern boundary. Most of the data in this report were collected from 1983 to 1985 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights. Some of the data were previously published by Smith (1961) or Bolke and Waddell (1972). The purpose of this report is to provide ground-water data for use by officials managing water resources and the general public and to supplement an interpretive report for the area that will be published later. From tables 1- 5 of this report, determinations can be made for the depth to water-bearing units, water levels in wells, well yields, or chemical quality of ground water at the sites shown on plate 1.

Utah↗

High frequency of extra-pair paternity in an urban population of Cooper's Hawks

Raptors exhibit some of the highest rates of intra-pair copulations among birds, perhaps in an attempt by males to reduce the risk of being cuckolded. Indeed, the frequency of extra-pair fertilizations reported in studies of raptors to date is relatively low (0-11.2%). Socially monogamous Cooper's Hawks ( Accipiter cooperii ) exhibit one of the highest copulation rates among birds, yet there are no published accounts of extra-pair copulations (or paternity). We studied a population of Cooper's Hawks in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during three breeding seasons (2003, 2004, and 2007), examining the possible effects of age (1 yr old vs. ≥ 2 yr old), adult mass, and brood size on the frequency of extra-pair paternity (EPP). We found that 19.3% of nestlings ( N = 27/140) were extra-pair young (EPY), and 34% of all broods ( N = 15/44) had at least one EPY. The sires of the EPY in our study were identified for only two broods, suggesting that floater males may have engaged in extra-pair copulations with territorial females. We found that brood size was a good predictor of the occurrence of EPP (EPP) in nests, but adult mass and female age were not. To our knowledge, these possible correlates of the occurrence of EPP in raptors had not previously been investigated. Male Cooper's Hawks provide food for females during the pre-nesting period, and delivery of food is, in contrast to other raptor species, typically followed by copulation. Thus, one possible explanation of the relatively high rates of EPP in our study is that females might accept or even solicit extra-pair copulations from males other than their mates as a means of maximizing energy intake for egg production. Such behavior might be particularly likely in our study area, i.e., a food-rich urban setting with a high breeding density of Cooper's Hawks.

Wisconsin↗

Aquifer-test compilation for northern California

This report is the fourth of a series, the purpose of which is to flake available, in standard tabulur form, the results of aquifer tests that have been made by various private and public agencies in California. The scope of the compilation is to describe systematically, in a form agreed upon by the California Department of Water Resources end. the Geological Survey, the (1) test location, (1) pumping data, (3) well data, and (4) summary of results. The results of these tests occasionally have been published, but usually they have been used only to obtain other information. Consequently, the results of aquifer tests have not always been readily available. This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources. It tabulates, through April 1965, the tests that were available for northern California.

California↗

Selected water-level records for Oklahoma, 1975-1977

A systematic program to collect water-level records in Oklahoma began in 1937. The objectives of this program are (1) to provide long-term records of water-level fluctuations in representative wells, (2) to facilitate the prediction of water-level trends and indicate future availability of ground-water supplies, and (3) to provide information for use in basic research. Water-level data in table 1 are from wells that are measured annually, prior to the irrigation season to achieve the most natural representation of the static water level. Water-level measurements listed in the column under 1976 may have been made during December, 1975 or January, February, March, April, or May, 1976. Measurements listed in the column 1977 may have been made during December, 1976 or January, February, March, or April, 1977. Figure 1 shows the counties and number of wells therein, where data were obtained for this report. Records of water levels in Oklahoma are collected through a cooperative program by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Board. The records are tabulated and published by the U.S. Geological Survey on an annual basis.

Oklahoma↗

Records of selected wells and springs, selected drillers' logs of wells, and chemical analyses of ground and surface waters, northern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah

This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later. Records were collected during the period 1956-59 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as a part of the investigation of the ground-water resources of northern Utah Walley in Utah County, Utah. Some earlier data and other information in the tables are from published reports on the ground-water resources of northern Utah Walley. The interpretive material will be published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah State Engineer in a companion report by Seymour Subitzky. This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown on the tables. From tables 1, 2, and h he can note the type of material that yields water to wells in the vicinity; from table 2 he can note (1) the depth and diameter of wells in the vicinity and the yield of some of those wells, and (2) the depth to water or the feet of water pressure in the vicinity; from table 3 and plate 1 he may note the location of springs and the conditions related to the occurrence of these springs; and from tables 5 and 6 he may note the chemical quality of the water from wells and from some surface sources, and the uses of these waters. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he may place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied. The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.

Utah↗

Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1985

This circular contains short reports about many of the geologic studies carried out in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating agencies in 1985. The topics cover a wide range in scientific and economic interest. Separate bibliographic listings of published reports are included. These listings are: (1) data releases and folio components derived from the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program, (2) reports on Alaska released in U.S. Geological Survey publications in 1985, and (3) reports about Alaska by U.S. Geological Survey authors in various scientific journals in 1985.

Alaska↗

Water-resources activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Utah, October 1, 1993, to September 30, 1994

This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Utah District, from October 1, 1993, to September 30, 1994. The water-resources program in Utah during this period consisted of 21 projects; a discussion of each project is presented in the main body of this report. The following sections outline the origin of the U.S. Geological Survey, the basic mission of the Water Resources Division, the organizational structure of the Utah District, office addresses of the Utah District, the distribution of District funding in terms of source of funds and type of activity funded, and the agencies with which the District cooperates. The last part of the introduction is a list of reports produced by the District from October 1993 to September 1994.

Open-File Report↗

Water resources data for Montana, water year 1976

Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Montana consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water-levels of wells. This report contains discharge records for 217 gaging stations; stage only records for 1 lake station; stage and contents for 9 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 61 gaging stations, 43 water-quality stations, and 4 lake stations; and water levels for 25 observation wells. Also included are data for 205 crest-stage partial-record stations and 53 smaller reservoirs. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included in this report; however, numerous stations in Canada operated for the International Joint Commission under cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of State are included in the above. Locations of gaging stations are shown on figure 3, ground-water observation wells are shown on figure 4, and water-quality stations are shown on figure 4. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Montana↗

Index to active hydrologic data collection sites in Florida, 1980-81

This index contains a list of active data-collection sites in Florida operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with local, State, and Federal agencies during the period from October 1, 1980 through September 30, 1981. It is an update of "Index to Active Hydrologic Data Collection Sites in Florida, 1978-79" by J. D. Simmons, 1980, which was released as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-220. The index shows the location of the site, the cooperator or cooperators supporting the data collection activities, the type and frequency of data collection, and the U.S. Geological Survey office responsible for collecting and processing the data.

Florida↗

Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, July 1, 1985, to June 30, 1986

This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Utah District, from July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1986. The program in Utah during this period consisted of 22 projects, and a discussion of each project is given in the main body of the report. Short descriptions are given at the end of the report for six proposed projects to be started on or after July 1986. The following sections outline the basic mission and program of the Water Resources Division, the organizational structure of the Utah District, the distribution of District funding in terms of source of funds and type of activity funded, and the agencies with which the District cooperates. The last part of the introduction is a list of reports produced by the District from July 1985 to June 1986.

Utah↗

Water-resources activities in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey: July 1, 1986, to June 30, 1987

This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Utah District, from July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987. The program in Utah during this period consisted of 24 projects; a discussion of each project is given in the main body of the report. Short descriptions are given at the end of the report for six projects proposed to be started on or after July 1987. The following sections outline the basic mission and program of the Water Resources Division, the organizational structure of the Utah District, the distribution of District funding in terms of source of funds and type of activity funded, and the agencies with which the District cooperates. The last part of the introduction is a list of reports produced by the District from July 1986 to June 1987.

Utah↗