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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
USGS1972

Documentation and environment of the Apollo 16 samples a preliminary report

This catalog is a working document that shows the locations from which samples were collected during the Apollo 16 mission, and that provides a descriptive geologic context for each sample. It is a compilation of notes from work in progress, and supersedes an earlier report prepared by the Apollo Lunar Geology Investigation Team. The information in this report was obtained from the Air-to-Ground transcript from the astronaut crew, from lunar surface television, from 60 mm Hasselblad camera photographs, and from available LRL "mugshot" photographs of the samples. The sample descriptions are based on these sources of data, and do not reflect the more detailed examination that is presently underway in the LRL. The report is still a preliminary study due to the short time available to review the rather copious data. The rocks have yet to be examined under collimated light and checked against the lunar surface photographs to make identification certain in all cases. The original orientation of the samples will, in time, as ascertained and photographically documented, and will be the subject of a final report on sample documentation. The reader will find inconsistencies in the format throughout the report (and probably some errors). But we believe that it is more important to disseminate these data early rather than to delay with detailed editing sufficient to completely standardize the format.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Hydrologic environment of the Silurian salt deposits in parts of Michigan, Ohio, and New York

The aggregate thickness of evaporites (salt, gypsum, and anhydrite) in the Silurian Salina sequence in Michigan exceeds 1200 feet in areas near the periphery of the Michigan basin, where the salt beds are less than 3000 feet below land surface. In northeast Ohio the aggregate thickness of salt beds is as much as 200 feet in places, and in western New York it is more than 500 feet, where th beds are less than 3000 feet deep. The salt-bearing rocks dip regionally on the order of 50 feet per mile; those in Michigan dip toward the center of the Michigan basin, and those in Ohio and New York, in the Appalachian basin, dip generally southward. The rocks in both basins thicken downdip. Minor folds and faults occur in the salt-bearing rocks in all three states. Some of this defrmation has been attenuated or absorbed bo the salt beds. Occuring near the middle of thick sedimentary sequences, the salt beds are bounded aboe and below by beds containing water having dissolved-solids concentrations several times that seawter. The brines occur commonly in discrete zones of high permeability at specific places in the stratigraphic sequence. In northeast Ohio two prominent brine zones are recognized by the driller, the Devonian Oriskany Sandstone, or 'first water' zone, above the Salina Formation, and the Newburg or 'second water' zone below the Salina. In each aquifer there is a vertical component of hydraulic head, but little brine probably moves through the salt beds because their permeability is extremely low. Also, ther is little evidence of dissolution of the salt in areas distant from the outcrop, suggesting that if brine does move through the salt, movement is at a slow enough rate so that, in combination with the saturated or near-saturated condition of the water, it precludes significant dissolution. Principal brine movement is probably in the permeable zones in the direction of the hydraulic gradient. Two areas in Michigan and one area each in Ohio and New York appear suitable for additional investigation of salt beds for purposes radioactive waste disposal. One of the Michigan areas is in the northern part of the southern peninsula, in Presque Isle and Alpena Counties; the other is in the southern part of the southern peninsula, in Oakland, Macomb, and St. Clair Counties (fig. 3). In northeast Ohio the area that appears to be suitable for investigation includes most of the eastern half of Lake County and extends eastward into Ashtabula County and southward into Geauga County. In western New York conditions may warrant additional investigation in Schuyler, Tompkins, and western Cortland Counties.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Geologic conditions in the Baltimore Canyon Trough area: A summary of U.S.G.S. second-year environment studies

Geologic studies of the outer Continental Shelf off the Middle Atlantic States (Baltimore Canyon Trough Area) have been carried out for two years to assess conditions and hazards which might cause or distribute oil spills and other potential pollution associated with petroleum exploration and development. These detailed investigations were requested and funded by the Bureau of Land Management to carry out its responsibility under the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Lands Act (67 Stat 462) of 1953 and the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Because of the energy crisis, these studies had to be mounted quickly so that a substantial body of data would be available for making decisions concerning environmental constraints on potential lease tracts. Indeed, pertinent data were available prior to Lease Sale #40 in the Middle Atlantic in August 1976. This was in part due to the alacrity of BLM's Environmental Division management, and in part due to the depth of USGS' experience in the area. For example, geophysical data and bottom samples had been collected since 1962 as part of the Geological Survey's role to "conduct geological and geophysical exploration in the Outer Continental Shelf" (43 U.S.C. 1340). At the advent of the energy crisis, the Atlantic-Gulf Coast Branch focused in-house resources and environmental assessment efforts on the Middle Atlantic OCS area. Thus, considerable information was available to guide the needed detailed studies.

Baltimore Canyon Trough area↗
USGS1979

Surface water environment in the area of the San Juan Basin regional uranium study, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah

Streamflows in the lowland areas of the San Juan Basin are highly variable, responding to short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms occurring in the late spring and summer. The thunderstorms can cause floods of large magnitude, but of localized extent. Most streams of the lowlands are ephemeral or intermittent. Streams of the high mountain areas are much less variable. Most of their flow is from snowmelt, which results in low-intensity flood peaks with long, gradual recessions. Most large mountain streams are perennial. Small ephemeral lakes and ponds in the low-lying areas have little effect on flood flows. Larger reservoirs in the basin have varying effects on flows of rivers, ranging from complete flow control to minor regulation. The streams of the low-lying areas are high in dissolved solids content. Sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate are the predominant ions. The quality of the water varies during a single-flow event and season-ally. Streams in the mountains are low in dissolved solids content. Radiochemical constituents are fairly low in most of the natural streamflow, but concentrations are higher than in streams outside of the basin.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1979

Depositional environments of a coal-bearing section in the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Routt County, Colorado

A 107-m (350 ft) section of coal-bearing rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group that is exposed along an access road to the Edna Mine in Routt County, Colorado, records deposition of sediment during a regressive phase of the epicontinental sea. Each of the coal beds in the section occurs at the top of a bayfill sequence that records infilling of a bay sufficient to provide swamp conditions and allow formation of peat.

Open-File Report↗