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USGS1962

Astrogeologic studies, semiannual progress report, February 26, 1961 to August 24, 1961

This report is the second semiannual report on a geological program of research conducted by the Geological Survey on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research is being carried out under the Branch of Astrogeology. The long-range objectives of this program are to determine and map the stratigraphy and structure of the Moon's crust, to develop basic information on processes that have led to the present condition of the Moon's surface, and to work out the sequence of events in the geologic history recorded in the Moon's stratigraphy and structure. The work includes three closely interrelated areas of study: (1) investigation of the chemistry, petrography, and physical properties of extraterrestrial materials that may have been derived from the Moon, such as tektites, certain types of meteorites, and extraterrestrial dust; (2) experimental and field investigations of the mechanics and phenomena of impact of high-speed objects and of cratering; and (3) geologic mapping of the Moon. Immediate objectives for the fiscal year 1961 have included the preparation of geologic maps for the nominal target area for the Ranger Project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Field and laboratory work on craters was directed toward developing data and an adequate theory for the integrated effect of meteoroid bombardment of the lunar surface. Special attention has been given to phase changes and solid state changes produced in rock by meteorite impact. American and Philippine tektites were the principal materials of possible lunar origin to receive detailed petrographic and chemical analysis.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1962

Gravity survey of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada--interim report

The gravity survey of the Nevada Test Site and contiguous areas of southern Nevada and southeastern California (fig. 1) has been made by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The objective of this study is to delineate and interpret gravity anomalies and regional trends so that the configuration and depth of the buried erosional surface of the Paleozoic rocks may be determined. This buried surface is of utmost importance in understanding the geologic history of the Nevada Test Site region, the thickness and distribution of the overlying volcanic rocks and alluvium, and the movement of ground water. The Paleozoic rocks cause positive gravity anomalies where they outcrop or occur near the surface and negative anomalies where they are buried in valleys or capped by low-density Tertiary volcanic rocks. Gravity trends which extend over the entire area provide a basis for computing the regional gravity gradient. The regional gravity gradient must be removed from the data for geologic interpretation of the paleotopographic surface in any limited area. Knowledge of the thickness of low-density material overlying the paleotopographic surface is useful in several ways. Proposed underground test sites, such as drill holes and tunnels, may be evaluated in terms of rock unit thickness and alluvial cover requirements. Recent work by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has demonstrated ground-water movement through the Paleozoic rocks in the vicinity of the Nevada Test Site. Therefore, knowledge of the position of buried Paleozoic rocks is important in evaluating (a) the rate and direction of flow of the ground water, (b) ground-water supplies for domestic and industrial uses, and (c) the possibility of radioactive contamination of ground water. Finally, regional gravity trends and paleotopography are useful in working out the structural history of the area in connection with geologic studies now in progress. The purpose of this interim report is to present the major part of the gravity data obtained as of December 31, 1961. The data are presented as a complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map. Although the gravity contours are somewhat generalized because the map has a scale of 1:250,000 and a contour interval of 5 milligals, the largest anomalies are adequately delineated. Preliminary results of this gravity survey have been reported by Wilmarth and others, 1960, and by Diment and others, 1959 and 1960.

Nevada↗

USGS1966

A progress report on the test-well drilling program in the west part of Antelope Valley, California

This progress report presents the results of a test-well drilling program undertaken by the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey in the western part of Antelope Valley, Calif. Eight test wells were drilled by the rotary method, and electric and lithologic logs were made of each well. A water-level-contour map was drawn, based on water-level measurements in the test wells and other wells. On the basis of data from these wells, the Neenach and Randsburg-Mojave faults were located. The concealed trace of another fault, north of the Randsburg-Mojave fault, was postulated from water-level data. This progress report considers the feasibility of utilizing a part of the Antelope Valley ground-water basin as a natural water-storage reservoir. The West Antelope ground-water subunit could probably be used as a large-volume holdover storage reservoir.

California↗

USGS1966

Astrogeological studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1965, to July 1, 1966

This Annual Report is the seventh of a series describing the results of research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The report is in four volumes corresponding to four main areas of research: Part A, Lunar and Planetary Investigations (with a map supplement); Part B, Crater Investigations; Part C, Cosmic Chemistry and Petrology; and Part D, Space Flight Investigations. An additional volume presents abstracts of the papers in Parts A, B, C, and D.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1974

A preliminary report on a zone containing thick lignite beds, Denver Basin, Colorado

A zone of lignite beds of Paleocene age in the Denver Formation (Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene) lies about 800-1,500 feet above the well-known and extensively mined coal beds of the Laramie Formation (Upper Cretaceous). The zone is a few hundred to as much as 500 feet thick. Where lignite beds lie within 1,000 feet of the surface, this zone underlies an area about 30 miles wide by about 75 miles long, stretching from just northeast of Denver to several miles south of Calhan. Fifteen mines were operated at various periods between 1874 and 1940 and probably produced a total of less than 100,000 tons of lignite, mostly for local use. From 1874 to 1974, several geologists have reported on this lignite zone or the enclosing beds, but no detailed reports have been written except for one by this writer. Drill holes are the main source of geologic data, owing to poor exposure. There are generally about 3 to 6 lignite beds, and they are mostly about 15 or 20 to a few tens of feet apart. Most or all beds typically contain numerous non-coal partings from a fraction of an inch to several inches thick, so that thickness of lignite beds should be stated as gross thickness and as net lignite thickness; net lignite thickness is generally from 70 to 90 percent of gross thickness. Many partings are composed of kaolin, but others are composed of other clay minerals, siltstone, and sandstone. The lignite beds range generally from 1 or 2 to several feet thick, and some are as much as 10-25 feet thick; the thickest known bed has a maximum thickness of 54.5 feet, with a net lignite thickness of 40 feet. Most lignite beds seem to have fair lateral continuity, and at least some beds are several miles in extent. The thickest known lignite bed was traced for at least 18 miles, from northwest to southeast of Watkins. The lignite is brownish-black to black, weathers, checks, and disintegrates rapidly, and even in drill cores from a few hundred feet in depth the lignite is easily broken by hand pressure. Quality of the lignite is lowered by the non-coal partings and, locally at least, by some small blebs and balls of clay in the lignite itself, especially at the base. Available analyses indicate that the following general figures, on an as-received basis, may be applied to relatively clean lignite from this zone: 6,000-7,000 Btu, 20-35 percent moisture, 8-18 percent ash, and 0.3-0.5 percent sulfur. Rank of the lignite is lignite A as calculated by the formulas of the American Society for Testing and . Materials (ASTM), although some parts, especially of deeper beds, may be as high as subbituminous C coal in rank. Best utilization of the lignite probably would be by gasification, liquefaction, or similar methods, because of the numerous non-coal partings and low quality. The thickest known lignite bed is estimated to contain at least 1.25 billion short tons of lignite. Two methods of roughly estimating the order of magnitude of lignite resources, in beds at least 4 feet thick and within 1,000 feet of the surface in this zone, indicate resources are on the order of 20 billion tons.

Colorado↗

USGS1976

Summary report of the sediments, structural framework, petroleum potential, environmental conditions, and operational considerations of the United States Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf

This report was compiled in response to Bureau of Land Management memorandum 3310 #49(722) which requested the U.S. Geological Survey to summarize the aeoloay, potential mineral resources, estimated oil and gas resources, potential environmental hazards, and operational considerations for proposed oil and gas Lease Sale #49 on the United States Mid-Atlantic continental shelf. Researchers from academic institutions, government agencies, and industry have studied the area. It is from their published knowledge and from ongoing U.S. Geological Survey research and field projects that this synthesis was made. The area under consideration for proposed oil and aas Lease Sale #49 is approximately 103,000 square kilometres (fig. 1). The landward limit of the proposed sale area is the 3-mile offshore boundary and the seaward limit is the 1,000 metre bathymetric contour. In the central part of the proposed sale area are 154 federal tracts (fig. 1) which will be up for lease in Sale #40 planned for late summer of 1976. Those tracts not leased in Sale #40 will be included in Sale #49. A glossary of geologic terms used in the text and a geologic time scale are included in the appendix at the back of this report.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1977

Preliminary report on Belair Exploratory Trench No. 10-76 near Augusta, Georgia

The Belair Exploratory Trench #10-76 was dug in October,1976, for the purpose of testing the conclusions of Prowell, O'Connor, and Rubin, 1975, and O'Connor and Prowell, 1976, concerning the time of latest movement along the Belair fault zone. The trench site is located 800 meters (2600 ft.) S27°W of the old Belair railroad station on U.S. Route 1 & 78 (see inset on Plate 1) in the southernmost clay pit of the Georgia Vitrified Brick and Clay Company. The trench was oriented almost nor-mal to the strike of the Belair fault zone (N27°E) about 100 meters (330 ft.) south of the trench exposure reported by Prowell, O'Connor, and Rubin, 1975. In this report, we are maintaining the terminology of Prowell, O'Connor, and Rubin, 1975, in defining the main fault as the fault that juxtaposes the crystalline phyllites and the Coastal Plain sediments (Plate 1 - at meter 106). Similarly, we refer to the eastside of the Belair fault zone as the upblock and the west side as the downblock.

Georgia↗

USGS1977

Progress report on uranium investigations in the Zane Hills area, west-central Alaska

The Zane Hills pluton underlies a mountainous area of about 460 km 2 in west-central Alaska and is locally enriched in uranium and thorium (Miller and Ferrians, 1968; Miller, 1970; Staatz and Miller, 1976). While over 90 percent of the pluton consists of granodiorite with average contents of uranium and thorium, zones of porphyritic to gneissic monzonite along the southern and eastern margins of the pluton (fig. 1) contain as much as 100 ppm (parts per million) uranium and 269 ppm thorium (Staatz and Miller, 1976; table 1, this report). This report presents information obtained in 1976 on the relationship of the uraniferous monzonite to the granodiorite and on uranium enrichment outside the pluton as part of an on-going study of the area.

Alaska↗

USGS1977

Preliminary report on radioactive conglomerates of Middle Precambrian age in the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains of southeastern Wyoming

Middle Precambrian miogeosynclinal metasedimentary rocks o# the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains of southeastern Wyoming contain radioactive quartz-pebble conglomerates of possible economic interest. These conglomerates do not contain ore-grade uranium in surface outcrops, but an earlier report on the geochemistry of the Arrastre Lake area of the Medicine Bow Mountains shows that ore-grade deposits may be present in the subsurface. This report describes the stratigraphy of the host metasedimentary rocks and the stratigraphic setting of the radioactive conglomerates in both the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains, and compares these rock units with those of the Blind River-Elliot Lake uranium district in Canada. The location of radioactive .conglomerates is given so that further exploration may be undertaken by interested parties.

Wyoming↗

USGS1978

Report of the annual yield of the Arkansas River basin for the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas--Oklahoma 1977 water year

The computed annual yields for subbasins in the Arkansas River basin as defined in the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1972, are presented in this report. The area bounded by the Compact is shown in figure 1. This report was prepared by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Division of Soil and Water Resources. Streamflow data were furnished by the Arkansas and Oklahoma Districts of the Water Resources Division, Geological Survey, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District. The Tulsa District also provided data from the Webbers Falls, Tenkiller Ferry, Robert S. Kerr, and Wister Reservoirs.

Arkansas, Oklahoma↗

USGS1978

Research and development program for outer continental shelf oil and gas operations, report for fiscal year 1978

This report summarizes the contract research program in support of the Geological Survey's Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas operations. The program is technological, though certain environmental investigations are being conducted as a necessary adjunct. The program manager provides a focal point for communicating with the research community in both the university system and private industry as well as with Federal agencies. Interaction is needed not only with. other Government agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management and the Department of Energy, but within the Geological Survey itself. USGS engineers and scientists are in a unique position to contribute to the success of the program by their specialized knowledge and experience in the many aspects of offshore operations such as marine geology, seismology and petroleum engineering. This document describes the program and reports on the research, development, and evaluation which are being undertaken.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1979

Summary report of the sediments, structural framework, petroleum potential, and environmental conditions of the United States Mid-Atlantic continental margin in area of proposed Oil & Gas Lease Sale No. 59

This report has been compiled to update and summarize the geological information concerning the area of the Atlantic continental margin off the U.S. Mid-Atlantic proposed for Oil and Gas Lease Sale No. 59 (fig. 1). The region of interest lies between 35° and 41° N and 70.5° and 76° W. The north-south dimension is about 660 km (356 nautical miles, 410 statute miles) and the maximum east-west dimension is approximately 250 km (135 nautical miles, 155 statute miles). The area is centered toward the outer Continental Shelf off Delaware and contains more than 154,000 km2 (38,000,000 acres) off the coasts of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and New York. Water depths within the region range from 20 to slightly more than 4,000 m (fig. 1). This report begins with a discussion of the regional geology and geophysics, followed by a description of the oil and gas potential and potential environmental hazards.

Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Ca↗

USGS1979

Preliminary report on the energy resource position of the Republic of Korea

The Republic of Korea has meager resources of energy minerals. Only hydroelectric power and coal were listed as sources of energy indigenous to Korea in the report of the 1967 World Energy Conference. Small reserves of thorium have been estimated and the discovery of uranium was reported in 1977 (A. W. Noonan, Jr., U.S. Department of State, written commun., 1977). Petroleum, natural gas, and geothermal energy sources possibly exist in South Korea, but their potential for development is not considered to be great. About 55 percent of the energy in the Republic is produced from petroleum, most of which is imported as crude and is refined in-country. Domestically produced coal supplies about 32 percent of the energy demand, hydroelectric power about 4 percent, and other sources (firewood, charcoal, and dung) about 9 percent. South Korea's latest energy program stresses construction of additional hydroelectric power installations, increased production of coal, initiation of energy production by atomic reactors, onshore and offshore exploration for petroleum and natural gas, generation of energy by tidal power, and energy savings through conservation (R. A. Stella, written commun., 1977).

Korean Penninsula↗

USGS1979

Artificial-recharge investigation near Aurora, Nebraska: 2-year progress report

This report presents the results of the first 2 years of a 4-year investigation of potential for artificial recharge and recharge methods that might be used to mitigate excessive aquifer depletion in Nebraska. A Quaternary sand-and-gravel aquifer near Aurora, Nebr., was recharged by injecting water through a well at a rate of approximately 730 gallons per minute for nearly 6 months. Total recharge was 530 acre-feet. Recharge was intermittent during the first 2 months, but was virtually continuous during the last 4 months. Buildup of the water level in the recharge well was 17 feet. The rate of buildup indicates that the well could have accepted water by gravity flow at more than 3,000 gallons per minute for at least 1 year. The cause of a continuing slow rise in water levels in the recharge well in contrast to nearly stable water levels in observation wells as close as 10 feet from the recharge well is as yet uncertain. The recharge water and the native ground water appeared to be chemically compatible. Infiltration rates from 24-foot-diameter surface impoundments ranged from 0.04 to 0.66 feet per day. The higher rates may have resulted in part from leakage down incompletely sealed holes that were drilled to install monitoring equipment. The investigation, including a report on the entire project, is scheduled for completion by 1980.

Nebraska↗

USGS1979

Preliminary report on the petrography and geochemistry of basalt from the Pribilof Islands and vicinity, southern Bering Sea

Alkali basalt from the Pribilof Islands has been described by several workers (Washington and Keyes, 1930; Barth, 1956; Cox and others, 1966; and Kay, 1977). This report complements the previous reports by providing new petrographic and geochemical data for samples from St. Paul and St. George Islands and from two dredge hauls near St. George Island (Fig. 1). The geologic setting of the Pribilof Islands region is given by Barth (1956), Hopkins and Einarsson (1965), Cox and others (1966), Hopkins and others (1969), Marlow and others (1976), and Hopkins and Silberman (1978). Quaternary basalt (Table 1) (Cox and others, 1966; Hopkins, 1976; Simpson and others, 1979) is extruded onto the structurally high Pribilof Ridge (Marlow and others, 1976) which consists of rocks as old as late Jurassic (Vallier and others, 1979). Barth (1956) recognized the structural implication of alkalic volcanism in back-arc environments. We plan to interpret alkalic volcanism in the Pribilof Islands within the context of recent tectonic and petrologic findings in the southern Bering Sea. Funds for this project were provided jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Land Management. Funds from the Bureau of Land Management were managed by the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Alaska↗

USGS1979

Report of the annual yield of the Arkansas River basin for the Arkansas River Basin Compact, Arkansas-Oklahoma, 1978 water year

Arkansas, Oklahoma↗

USGS1980

A summary report of the regional geology, environmental geology, OCS resource appraisal, petroleum potential, and operational considerations in the area of proposed lease sale 73, offshore California

This report reviews geological, geophysical and technological data pertinent to proposed Lease Sale 73. Under consideration is the entire continental margin of California that is bounded on the west by the 2500 meter isobath. This area encompasses the whole of the southern California Borderland, the continental shelves of central and northern California, and the upper part of the continental slope from Mexico on the south to Oregon on the north. The area includes both leased and unleased tracts and lies adjacent to highly productive coastal basins of central and northern California . Because the geology of the south and north parts of this large area differ, they are considered separately in this report.

California↗

USGS1979

Resource report for the deep-water areas of proposed OCS lease sale No. 70, St. George Basin, Alaska

This report summarizes geological and geophysical data from the deep-water (greater than 200m) region of the St. George Basin lease sale area #70. The shallow-water region is discussed in detail by Marlow and others (1979a) in a companion report. The triangular deep-water region lies at the junction of the Bering shelf and the Aleutian Ridge (Fig. 2). This region is bounded on the northeast by the 200 m bathymetric contour that defines the edge of the Bering shelf, on the southeast by a meandering line that lies 3 miles north of the Aleutian Islands, and on the west by the 171°W longitude meridian. Hereafter, this triangular region is referred to as the Umnak Plateau region. The name is derived from a major bathymetric feature, Umnak Plateau, that covers most of the region.

Alaska↗