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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
USGS1977

Slope angle distribution of coal beds with strippable reserves

Slope angles were determined in representative strip mining areas of Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wyoming by personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey to provide the Strip Mining Task Force, assembled by the Council of Environmental Quality, with data relating to the slope angle distribution of coal beds with strippable reserves. For the purpose of this study, slope determinations were made for 22 counties (table 1), selected by the Strip Mining Task Force, for coal beds known to contain strippable reserves as reported by Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8531, "Strippable Reserves of Bituminous Coal and Lignite in the United States." Available geologic maps that delineated coal bed outcrop lines on a topographic base were utilized for most slope angle determinations and coal resource reports provided additional data concerning the areas likely to contain recoverable coal reserves in the selected beds. The angles of slopes along which these coal beds occur were determined by measuring the spacing of topographic contour lines and were assigned to the appropriate slope categories selected for this purpose by the Strip Mining Task Force as follows: (A) 0-10°, (B) 10°-15°, (C) 15°-20°, (D) 20°-25°, and (E) 25°+. The overall sampling technique and measurement procedure are described in the following section and modification to this approach, necessitated by the availability and distribution of data, are described for each county. A list of source material used in compiling slope angles, slope distribution tables, and histograms are also included for each county.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Comments on classification of uranium resources

National resource assessments are intended to give some insight into future possibilities for the recovery of a desired resource. The resource numbers themselves only useful when related to economically controlled factors, such as industry capability as reflected in rated of production, rates of discovery, and technology development. To that end, it is useful to divide the resource base into component parts to which appropriate econometrics can be applied. A system of resource reporting adhering to these principles has been agreed to by the two major resource agencies in Government, the U>S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USGS Bulletin 1450-A). Conceptually, then, a plan for resource reporting has been devised, and all resource reporting by these two agencies follows the agreed-upon pattern. Though conceptual agreement has been reached, each commodity has its own peculiar data problems; hence an operational definition to fit the conceptual pattern must be evolved for each mineral. Coal is the only commodity to date for which an operational agreement has been reached (USGS Bulletin 1450-B), but the basic essentials of an operational classification within the guideline of Bulletin 1450-A have been reported for oil and gas in USGS circular 725. The basic classification system is now well established and received general endorsement by Resources for the Future in a study of mineral resource classification systems prepared for the the Electric Power Research Institute (Schanz, 1976), and with respect to coal by the International Energy Agency.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1980

Seismic refraction data for shots recorded in the Coso Range, California, October 1976

The Coso Range lies in the southwest corner of the Basin and Range province, east of the Sierra Nevada and north of the Garlock Fault. The range, circular in form, is covered by a thin sequence of late-cenozoic volcanics which overlie highly fractured crystalline basement, similar in composition to the nearby Sierra Nevada (Duffield et al., 1980). Thirty-eight rhyolite domes of Pleistocene age were emplaced near the center of the range and are aligned approximately parallel to the direction of Basin and Range faulting (Figure 1). Bacon et al. (1980), using both age-dates and chemical analyses, inferred that the domes originated from a magma source beneath the central and largest of the rhyolite domes, Sugarloaf Mountain (Figure 1). A shallow source was inferred because active fumeroles, hydrothermally altered zones, and high heat flow values (Combs, 1980) are presently observed in this vicinity. In an effort to collect seismic data which could be used to identify a magma body beneath Sugarloaf Mountain, a 16 station seismograph array was operated in the Coso Range from September 1975 through September 1977. During the two years of network operation, over 4000 local earthquakes were located in the vicinity of the Coso Range (Walter and Weaver, 1980a, 1980b). In October of 1976, a seismic refraction experiment was conducted in the Coso Range in order to develop a crustal velocity model for use in interpreting the earthquake data.

California↗
USGS1980

Initial report of the petrophysics laboratory; 1977-1979 addendum

From the time the author-copy of Circular 789 (Hunt and others, 1979) was prepared until it first appeared in print, significant changes occurred in the Petrophysics Laboratory. To update that report, this open-file report will briefly summarize more recent acquisitions and facilities changes.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1980

Histograms and correlation table for selected elements in samples of the ash of black spruce needles from the Tanacross Quadrangle, Alaska

These histograms and correlation table show the distribution and abundance of, and correlations between, the populations of 21 elements in the ash of black spruce (Picea Mariana B.S.P.) needles collected throughout most of the Tanacross 1:250,000-scale quadrangle. The samples were collected during reconnaissance geochemical studies as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program. Related data for black spruce are presented in other reports (Day, Curtin, and Tripp, 1979 a,b,c) , and background information on the mineral resource assessment of the Tanacross quadrangle is presented in a U.S. Geological Survey Circular (Foster and others, 1976).

Alaska↗
USGS1980

Histograms and correlation table for selected elements in samples of the ash of ground birch leaves from the Tanacross Quadrangle, Alaska

These histograms and correlation table show the distribution and abundance of, and correlations between, the populations of 21 elements in the ash of ground birch (Betula rotundifolia Sarg.) leaves collected throughout most of the Tanacross 1:250,000-scale quadrangle. The samples were collected during reconnaissance geochemical studies as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program. Related data for ground birch are presented in other reports (Day, Curtin, and Tripp, 1979 a,b,c), and background information on the mineral resource assessment of the Tanacross quadrangle is presented in a U.S. Geological Survey Circular (Foster and others, 1976).

Alaska↗
USGS1982

Occurrences of copper minerals in Alaska

The following references give data, as of June 1, 1982, on localities where copper minerals have been found in Alaska. References are keyed by number to locations shown on the accompanying map. An asterisk (*) preceding a locality name indicates recorded production. In most instances the report(s) cited for each occurrence is a summary of data in older reports and was compiled since 1975. Most of the summary reports contain lists of the reports used in their compilation. Citations are in standard bibliographic format with the exception that each includes, in parentheses, an abbreviation for the report or map series and the number of the report or map. Abbreviations used are: AOF, State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open-File Report; B, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin; BMOF, U.S. Bureau of Mines Open-File Report; C, U.S. Geological Survey Circular; MF, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map; OF, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report; P, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.

Alaska↗
USGS1983

Regional magnetic and gravity features of the Gibson Dome area and surrounding region, Paradox Basin, Utah: A preliminary report

Analyses of regional gravity and magnetic anomaly maps have been carried out to assist in the evaluation of the Gibson Dome area as a possible repository site for high-level radioactive waste. Derivative, wavelength-filtered, and trend maps were compiled to aid in properly locating major geophysical trends corresponding to faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. The anomaly maps indicate that Paradox Basin is characterized by a heterogeneous Precambrian basement, essentially a metamorphic complex of gneisses and schist intruded by granitic rocks and mafic to ultramafic bodies. Interpreted Precambrian structures trend predominantly northwest and northeast although east-west trending features are evident. Prominent gravity lows define the salt anticlines. Structural and lithologic trends in the Gibson Dome area are closely examined. Of greatest interest is a series of circular magnetic highs trending west-northwest into the Gibson Dome area. Further study of the exact definition and geologic significance of this series of anomalies is warranted.

Utah↗
USGS1983

Geochemical evaluation of felsic plutonic rocks in the eastern and southeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In a geochemical evaluation of the eastern and southeastern Arabian Shield, which included collection of 696 rock samples and 694 pan concentrate samples, a province of tin-anomalous granitoid plutons was defined. Pan concentrates collected in and around these plutons were enriched in tin and tungsten relative to the concentrate population. Rock samples of these leucocratic, muscovite-bearing, peraluminous granites contained anomalously high concentrations of lithium, fluorine, beryllium, lead, rubidium, niobium, yttrium, tin, bismuth, silver, and tungsten. Ten tin-anomalous plutons were located in the study area. The plutons are typically small, less than 10 km2 in areal extent, and circular to elliptical in plan view. The resource potential of these latest Proterozoic plutons has not been established; economically exploitable concentrations of tin, tungsten, molybdenum, or zinc may be present, and followup studies are warranted. Further, two of the plutons are characterized by higher than normal total-count radioactivity and have potential for uranium, thorium, or rare-earth element deposits.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1984

Reconnaissance geologic map of the Janban Quadrangle, sheet 20/44 B, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Janban quadrangle, 20/44B, lies along the eastern margin of the Arabian Shield. The oldest rocks comprise the Precambrian Namtah Formation of the Halaban(?) group, and consist of basalt, dacite, siltstone, and calcareous greywacke metamorphosed in the lower amphibolite facies. Metamorphic rocks of uncertain Precambrian age in the northern part of the quadrangle are amphibolite, gneissic quartz diorite and metarhyolite that occur as roof pendants in plutonic rocks. Precambrian intrusive rocks, in order of decreasing age, are: biotite-hornblende tonalite; the locally gneissic Dawasir granodiorite and granite; the as Sabahah granite, coarse-grained alkaline granite; biotite-muscovite granite forming a small circular stock; the Janban granite, a coarse-grained non-foliated alkali-feldspar rapakiyl granite; aplitic granite; and fine-grained alkali granite that forms a stock, plugs, and dikes. Andesite dikes cut most of the plutonic rock units. Precambrian rocks are unconformably overlain by the Wajid Sandstone of Cambrian and Ordovician age, which covers the southeastern half of the quadrangle and consists of reddish-brown, medium-grained arkosic sandstone. Tertiary lake beds of gray marl, siltstone, and sandstone crop out locally, and lie unconformably on the Wajid. Most of the Wajid sandstone is mantled by an extensive blanket of Quaternary eolian sand and silt.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1985

Proceedings of the advanced seminar on sedimentation, August 15-19, 1983, Denver, Colorado

On August 15-19, 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey 's Water Resources Division sponsored an advanced seminar on sedimentation at the National Training Center in Lakewood, Colorado. Topics discussed were modeling, mud, and debris flows, transport, sediment chemistry, channel morphology, instrumentation, and bed load. This circular presents summaries of 28 presentations. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1988

Water resources publications of the U.S. Geological Survey for Tennessee, 1906-1987

A bibliography was compiled of the water-resources investigations published by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in Tennessee. The bibliography includes an alphabetical listing by author, as well as listings by general and specific areas in Tennessee. The publications are classified also by discipline and type of report: open- file reports, water-supply papers, water-resources investigations, professional papers, circulars, hydrologic investigations atlases, miscellaneous investigations maps, journal and symposium articles, water-resources bulletin articles, and water-resources data reports.

Tennessee↗
USGS1987

Preliminary water-use estimates in the United States in 1985

Preliminary 1985 water use estimates are tabulated by State for the Und States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. Preliminary estimates of water withdrawn from surface water and groundwater sources for offstream water use categories are presented prior to publication of the final estimates in a U.S. Geological Survey Circular to allow for the timely release of the estimates to the general public. (Author 's abstract)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1989

Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana

The shallow groundwater system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River-Indiana Harbor Canal, Indiana was analyzed from June 1985 to May 1986. This analysis was done to obtain detailed information about the physical characteristics of the Calumet aquifer and the shallow groundwater flow system. 36 shallow wells were installed and sediment samples were collected at 26 sites. Water level measurements were made in 45 wells. Data indicate that the aquifer consists of fine-grained to medium-grained sand, locally overlain by slag fill. Aquifer thickness is 0 to 65 ft. This aquifer is underlain by about 100 ft of glacial till and lacustrine clay that overlies carbonate bedrock of Silurian age. Broad, low-relief water table mounds occur between the major surface water drains. The crests of these mounds form major east-west-trending water table divides. Northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), a narrow water table ridge parallels the Lake Michigan shoreline and connects to a somewhat circular, low mound northwest of the IHC. Shallow groundwater generally flows from these water table mounds to the major streams or to Lake Michigan. Groundwater also flows to small ditches, wetlands, and sewer lines. Stream/aquifer relations along the Grand Calumet River/IHC were quite complex. Digital model simulations of a conceptual north-south section near the middle of the study area indicate that discharge of groundwater to small ditches and leaky sewer lines has lowered the water table by several ft from predevelopment levels. Simulations also indicate that downward leakage to the bedrock may have contributed to the decline in the water table.

Indiana↗
USGS1991

Part A: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona

Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure. The low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes. A pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth. The geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1991

Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona

Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure. The low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes. A pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth. The geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1991

Part B: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona

Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure. The low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes. A pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth. The geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1991

Part C: Geochemistry of Soil Samples from 50 Solution-Collapse Features on the Coconino Plateau, Northern Arizona

Soil sampling surveys were conducted during 1984-1986 across 50 solution-collapse features exposed on the Coconino Plateau of northern Arizona in order to determine whether soil geochemistry can be used to distinguish mineralized breccia pipes from unmineralized collapse features. The 50 sampled features represent the variety of collapse features that crop out on plateau surfaces in northwestern Arizonaoodeeplyorooted solution-collapse breccia pipes, near-surface gypsum collapses, and sinkholes. Of the 50 features that were sampled in this study, 3 are confirmed breccia pipes that contain significant uranium and base-metal minerals, I is believed to be a sinkhole with no economic potential, and 4 are stratabound copper deposits whose possible relationship to breccia pipes is yet to be determined. The remaining collapse features are suspected to overlie breccia pipes, although some of these may represent near surface gypsum collapse features. However, no exploratory drilling results or breccia exposures exist to indicate their underlying structure. The low cost and ease of soil sampling suggested that this technique be evaluated for breccia pipe exploration. This report provides the locations and geochemical results for the soil sampling surveys and brief descriptions of the 50 collapse features. The analytical results of almost 2,000 soil samples are provided in tabular hardcopy and dBase III Plus diskcopy format. The analytical data is provided in digital format to allow the reader to choose their own methods for evaluating the effectiveness of soil sampling over known and suspected breccia pipes. A pilot survey conducted over 17 collapse features in 1984 suggested that soil sampling might be useful in distinguishing mineralized breccia pipes from other circular features. Followup detailed surveys in 1985 and 1986 used a radial sampling pattern at each of 50 sites; at least one third of the samples were collected from areas outside of the collapse feature to provide background data. Samples were consistently collected from 3-4 inches depth after the pilot survey showed that metal concentrations were similar in samples from 3-4 inches and 7-8 inches depth. The geochemical analyses of the <80 mesh fractions of the soil samples were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey Analytical Laboratories and Geochemical Services, Inc. The analytical methods applied to these samples by the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories included inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation, atomic absorption, delayed neutron activation, and classical wet chemistry for carbon, fluorine, and sulfur. Geochemical Services, Inc. analyzed the soil samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy.

Open-File Report↗