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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
USGS1992

Communications: Blood chemistry of laboratory-reared Golden trout

Golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita obtained from a wild stock as fertilized eggs were reared in the laboratory for 21 months. The laboratory-reared golden trout in our study reached sexual maturity earlier and grew more rapidly than wild golden trout do (according to the scientific literature). Male fish averaged 35.6 cm in total length and 426 g in weight, and females averaged 36.2 cm and 487 g. All golden trout were sexually mature when used for hematological analysis. The hematological profile (hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, and thrombocytes) of golden trout was similar to that reported elsewhere for other trout species. Male and female golden trout did not have significantly different thrombocyte counts; however, the immobilization treatment used on the fish (anesthesia versus a blow to the head) resulted in significant treatment differences in thrombocyte numbers and interaction effect of sex in treatment for hematocrits. Gravid female golden trout had significantly higher plasma protein and calcium levels than did males. The ionic compositions of plasma (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and chloride) and gallbladder bile (calcium and chloride) were similar to those reported for other salmonids.

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health↗
USGS2013

Serum chemistry, hematologic, and post-mortem findings in free-ranging bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) with notoedric mange

Notoedric mange was responsible for a population decline of bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) in 2 Southern California counties from 2002–2006 and is now reported to affect bobcats in Northern and Southern California. With this study we document clinical laboratory and necropsy findings for bobcats with mange. Bobcats in this study included free-ranging bobcats with mange (n = 34), a control group of free-ranging bobcats without mange (n = 11), and a captive control group of bobcats without mange (n = 19). We used 2 control groups to evaluate potential anomalies due to capture stress or diet. Free-ranging healthy and mange-infected bobcats were trapped or salvaged. Animals were tested by serum biochemistry, complete blood count, urine protein and creatinine, body weight, necropsy, and assessment for anticoagulant rodenticide residues in liver tissue. Bobcats with severe mange were emaciated, dehydrated, and anemic with low serum creatinine, hyperphosphatemia, hypoglycemia, hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia, and sometimes septicemic when compared to control groups. Liver enzymes and leukocyte counts were elevated in free-ranging, recently captured bobcats whether or not they were infested with mange, suggesting capture stress. Bobcats with mange had lower levels of serum cholesterol, albumin, globulin, and total protein due to protein loss likely secondary to severe dermatopathy. Renal insufficiency was unlikely in most cases, as urine protein:creatinine ratios were within normal limits. A primary gastrointestinal loss of protein or blood was possible in a few cases, as evidenced by elevated blood urea nitrogen, anemia, intestinal parasitism, colitis, gastric hemorrhage, and melena. The prevalence of exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides was 100% (n = 15) in bobcats with mange. These findings paint a picture of debilitating, multisystemic disease with infectious and toxic contributing factors that can progress to death in individuals and potential decline in populations.

Journal of Parasitology↗
USGS2001

Marine chemistry of the permian phosphoria formation and basin, Southeast Idaho

Major components in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation are apatite, dolomite, calcite, organic matter, and biogenic silica-a marine fraction; and aluminosilicate quartz debris-a terrigenous fraction. Samples from Enoch Valley, in southeast Idaho, have major element oxide abundances of Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 that closely approach the composition of the world shale average. Factor analysis further identifies the partitioning of several trace elements-Ba, Ga, Li, Sc, and Th and, at other sites in southeast Idaho and western Wyoming, B, Co, Cs, Hf, Rb, and Ta-totally into this fraction. Trace elements that fail to show such correlations or factor loadings include Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, the rare earth elements (REE), U, V, and Zn. Their terrigenous contribution is determined from minimum values of trace elements versus the terrigenous fraction. These minima too define trace element concentrations in the terrigenous fraction that approximately equal their concentrations in the world shale average. The marine fraction of trace elements represents the difference between the bulk trace element content of a sample and the terrigenous contribution. Of the trace elements enriched above a terrigenous contribution, Ag, Cr, Cu, Mo, and Se show strong loadings on the factor with an organic matter loading and U and the REE on the factor with a strong apatite loading. Cd, Ni, V, and Zn do not show a strong correlation with any of the marine components but are, nonetheless, strongly enriched above a terrigenous contribution. Interelement relationships between the trace elements identify two seawater sources-planktonic debris and basinal bottom water. Relationships between Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and possibly Ni and Se suggest a solely biogenic source. Their accumulation rates, and that of PO3-4, further identify the level of primary productivity as having been moderate and the residence time of water in the basin at 4.5 yr. Enrichments of Cr, U, V, and the REE, above both terrigenous and biogenic contributions, define bottom-water redox conditions as having been oxygen depleted, that is, denitrifying but not sulfate reducing.

Economic Geology↗
USGS1961

Uranium migration and geochemistry of uranium deposits in sandstone above, at, and below the water table; Part 2, Relationship of uranium migration dates, geology, and chemistry of the uranium deposits

The time of U migration in deposits in sandstone can be determined by correlating apparent age calculations, based on radiochemical analyses, with the geology of a particular deposit. Data were obtained from U ore samples representing deposits above the water table, deposits just above and below perched water tables, and deposits at least 250 ft. below the water table in the Hulett Creek area, Wyoming. The first U deposition occurred more than 250,000 years ago for the deposits now at or above the water table. Approximately 60,000 to 80,000 years ago these deposits were oxidized, leached, and locally enriched. Accumulation of U in the deposits below the water table probably did not start before 180,000 years ago and has continued to the present.

Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming↗
USGS1975

Geochemical studies in the Park City district; II, Sulfide mineralogy and minor-element chemistry, Mayflower mine

Fissure-filling and replacement Pb-Zn-Cu-Au-Ag ores of the Mayflower mine occur in calcareous sedimentary and intrusive wall rocks over a vertical interval of 3,000 feet. The ores are exceptional in the district for their chalcopyrite and gold content and for the unusual associated gangue minerals anhydrite, chlorite, and hematite. High oxygen fugacities are indicated for many stages of mineralization. Sphalerite compositions are highly variable in the range 0.09 to 5.9 weight percent Fe, an indication of large fluctuations in sulfur fugacity. Silver is carried in tetrahedrite-tennantite (0.2 to 16 wt %), enargite (0.5 to 0.8 wt %), in coupled substitution with Bi + Sb in galena (0.02 to 2.9 wt %), and in the minerals argentite, matildite, chalcocite, and bornite. Content of As, Se, Te, and other minor elements is small. Fractionation of Cd between sphalerite and coexisting galena is relatively consistent whereas the fractionation of Mn between sphalerite and galena is variable; calculated temperatures of formation are high and unreliable.

Economic Geology↗
USGS1966

Some blood chemistry values for five Chesapeake Bay area fishes

Blood samples from gizzard shad,largemouth bass, white perch, pumpkinseed, and toadfish were analyzed for hemoglobin, total plasma protein, total plasma cholesterol, and ion concentrations of plasma sodium, potassium, and chloride. The hemoglobin concentration and total plasma cholesterol found in a given species seem to have positive correlation with the customary activity level of that species. The plasma ionic concentrations in general agree with those found by other authors.

Chesapeake Bay area↗
USGS1983

Chemistry and microbiology of a sewage spill in South San Francisco Bay

During three weeks of September 1979, the breakdown of a waste treatment plant resulted in the discharge of a large volume (1.5×10 7 m 3 ) of primary-treated sewage into a tributary of South San Francisco Bay, California. Chemical and microbial changes occurred within the tributary as decomposition and nitrification depleted dissolved oxygen. Associated with anoxia were relatively high concentrations of particulate organic carbon, dissolved CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , NH + 4 , and fecal bacteria, and low phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic oxygen production. South San Francisco Bay experienced only small changes in water quality, presumably because of its large volume and the assimilation of wastes that occurred within the tributary. Water quality improved rapidly in the tributary once normal tertiary treatment resumed.

California↗