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Search indexed USGS publications on groundwater, aquifers, geologic maps, mineral resources and earthquakes. Explore source records by subject and place.

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
USGS2014

Flow‐duration characteristics of Illinois streams

The paper entitled “An investigation of the flow‐duration characteristics of North Carolina streams,” by Thorndlke Saville and John Dargan Watson, which was published by the American Geophysical Union in its report of the Fourteenth Annual Meeting in 1933 (pp. 406–425), stimulated the writer, who is familiar with the streams discussed, having been assigned for several years to the United States Geological Survey offices that collected the base data. Knowing that there is a marked similarity in runoff‐characteristics of the western North Carolina streams and also that fairly good similarity is shown by New England streams within reasonable zones, he felt it would be desirable to carry the investigation to a part of the country where stream‐flow characteristics are diverse. The present investigation was therefore made to cover all the long‐time records in Illinois on streams of definite drainage‐area, particular attention being paid to comparisons of records from the same stream. The record on the Rock River at Afton, Wisconsin, was also included. The streams studied are listed in Table 1.

Illinois↗
USGS2011

Volcano deformation and gravity workshop synopsis and outcomes: The 2008 volcano deformation and temporal gravity change workshop

A volcano workshop was held in Washington State, near the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cascades Volcano Observatory. The workshop, hosted by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program (VHP), included more than 40 participants from the United States, the European Union, and Canada. Goals were to promote (1) collaboration among scientists working on active volcanoes and (2) development of new tools for studying volcano deformation. The workshop focused on conventional and emerging techniques, including the Global Positioning System (GPS), borehole strain, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), gravity, and electromagnetic imaging, and on the roles of aqueous and magmatic fluids.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2014

The recovery of ground‐water levels in Nebraska in 1935

A program of water‐level measurements in about 350 wells scattered throughout Nebraska was begun in 1934 by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska (see L. K. Wenzel, A state‐wide program of periodic measurements of ground‐water level in Nebraska, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 16th annual meeting, pp. 495–498, 1935). Included in this program were about 60 wells in the Platte River Valley on which periodic measurements were started in 1930. Observations on the 350 wells were continued in 1935 at about monthly intervals and the measurements collected are now being prepared for publication as a paper of the Nebraska Geological Survey.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2014

Report of committee on underground waters, 1940–41

The membership of the Committee during the past year has continued as it was a year ago [see Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, p. 433, 1940]. During a large part of the year, particularly during the last few months, many of the members of the Committee have been engaged in activities more or less closely related to defense. As a consequence it has been necessary to omit or postpone some research studies that might otherwise have been carried on, and the following report is briefer than usual.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2014

Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns

A record of the activity of Parícutin Volcano, Michoacán, Mexico, is shown in the diagram of eruptive characteristics, Figure 1, covering the period December 31, 1946 to March 31, 1947, and is supplemented by the maps of the areal extent of the lava flows, Figures 2 and 3. This continues the previous record for the period from September 18 to November 30, 1946 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, v. 28, no. 4, pp. 567–572, 1947], and reference is made to that report for explanatory discussion of the diagram of eruptive characteristics and for general information concerning the methods of investigation. As shown in Figure 1, the periods of predominantly heavy pyroclastic eruption occurred December 16 to February 14 and March 15 to 28. The periods of greater effusion of lava occurred December 1 to 20 and January 22 to February 25.

Parícutin, Michoacán↗
USGS2014

Appendix B—The work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes

A report by O. E. MEINZER, published as Appendix B of the annual report of the Committee for 1942–43 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Part II, pp. 418–420, 1943], describes in some detail the previous work of the United States Geological Survey and cooperating agencies on ground water for war purposes. The geologists from the staff of the Geological Survey listed in that report and several other ground‐water geologists have served in the Army during the past year on water‐supply assignments. Only sketchy and unofficial information is as yet available concerning the activities of these geologists, but it is believed that they are now all engaged in overseas theaters of warfare and that their services in water‐supply and other technical work are of substantial value. In this service they have been supported by ground‐water maps and reports furnished by the Geological Survey for the different theaters.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2014

Report of committee on glaciers, April 1939

The Committee on Glaciers at present is constituted as follows: Harry Fielding Reid—Professor‐Emeritus of Geology, Johns Hopkins University (former member of the International Glacier Commission), 608 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland William H. Hobbs—Professor‐Emeritus of Geology, University of Michigan (until recently Vice‐ President of the International Glacier Commission, at present associate member), Ann Arbor, Michigan J. E. Church—Professor of Classics, University of Nevada (President of the International Commission of Snow, and Chairman of the Committee on Snow of the Section of Hydrology, American Geophysical Union), Reno, Nevada Colonel Lawrence Martin—Chief of the Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Wm. Osgood Field, Jr.—Explorer, 18 West Twelfth Street, New York, N.Y. Earl A. Trager—Chief of the Naturalist Division, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Glenn L. Parker—District Engineer, Water Resources Branch, United States Geological Survey, 406 Federal Building, Tacoma, Washington Oliver Kehrlein—Chairman, Committee on Glacier Studies, Sierra Club, 1050 Mills Tower, San Francisco, California Kenneth N. Phillips—Associate Hydraulic Engineer, Water Resources Branch, United States Geological Survey, Chairman, Research Committee of the Mazamas, 606 Post‐Office Building, Portland, Oregon William S. Cooper—Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Gerald FitzGerald, Senior Topographic Engineer, Alaska Branch, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Laurence M. Gould, Professor of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota François E. Matthes, Chairman , Senior Geologist, Section of Glacial Geology, United States Geological Survey (titular member of the International Glacier Commission), Washington, D.C. In 1938, as in previous years, the Committee devoted its energies primarily to the collecting of data on the variations in length and volume of American glaciers, it being felt that the maintenance of a continuous record of these variations is of prime importance, not only to hydrology and glaciology, but, as has become increasingly evident recently, also to climatology, geomorphology, geography, ecology, history, and archaeology. As the time available for the work of the Committee is limited and does not permit covering the entire field of glaciology, it seems best to devote it before all else to this line of research which yields results of value to so many different sciences. Besides, the gathering of data on glacier‐oscillations is not a one‐man job that can be taken up or dropped at convenience from time to time, but is an organized and far‐flung enterprise whose success depends upon the faithful cooperation of many volunteer workers located in different parts of the country. Such an enterprise, once launched, must be kept running or it will disintegrate and the precious enthusiasm of the field‐workers will be lost.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

Avoiding The Inevitable? Capacity Loss From Reservoir Sedimentation

The inexorable loss of capacity of the nation's reservoirs—sooner or later threatening water supplies for municipal, agricultural, and industrial uses—is but one of a number of deleterious effects wrought by sediment deposition. Trapped sediments can also damage or bury dam outlets, water intakes, and related infrastructure. Downstream effects of sediment capture and retention by reservoirs can include channel and habitat degradation and biotic alterations.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

Exploring Hawaiian volcanism

In 1912 the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) was established by Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor Thomas A. Jaggar Jr. on the island of Hawaii. Driven by the devastation he observed while investigating the volcanic disasters of 1902 at Montagne Pelée in the Caribbean, Jaggar conducted a worldwide search and decided that Hawai‘i provided an excellent natural laboratory for systematic study of earthquake and volcano processes toward better understanding of seismic and volcanic hazards. In the 100 years since HVO’s founding, surveillance and investigation of Hawaiian volcanoes have spurred advances in volcano and seismic monitoring techniques, extended scientists’ understanding of eruptive activity and processes, and contributed to development of global theories about hot spots and mantle plumes.

Hawai'i↗
USGS2013

The false spring of 2012, earliest in North American record

Phenology - the study of recurring plant and animal life cycle stages, especially their timing and relationships with weather and climate - is becoming an essential tool for documenting, communicating, and anticipating the consequences of climate variability and change. For example, March 2012 broke numerous records for warm temperatures and early flowering in the United States [Karl et al., 2012; Elwood et al., 2013]. Many regions experienced a “false spring,” a period of weather in late winter or early spring sufficiently mild and long to bring vegetation out of dormancy prematurely, rendering it vulnerable to late frost and drought. As global climate warms, increasingly warmer springs may combine with the random climatological occurrence of advective freezes, which result from cold air moving from one region to another, to dramatically increase the future risk of false springs, with profound ecological and economic consequences [e.g., Gu et al., 2008; Marino et al., 2011; Augspurger, 2013]. For example, in the false spring of 2012, an event embedded in long-term trends toward earlier spring [e.g., Schwartz et al., 2006], the frost damage to fruit trees totaled half a billion dollars in Michigan alone, prompting the federal government to declare the state a disaster area [Knudson, 2012].

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

An interactive web application for visualizing climate data

Massive volumes of data are being created as modeling centers from around the world finalize their submission of climate simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), in preparation for the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Scientists, resource managers, and other potential users of climate data are faced with the daunting task of analyzing, distilling, and summarizing this unprecedented wealth of climate information.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

Can shale safely host US nuclear waste?

"Even as cleanup efforts after Japan’s Fukushima disaster offer a stark reminder of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) stored at nuclear plants worldwide, the decision in 2009 to scrap Yucca Mountain as a permanent disposal site has dimmed hope for a repository for SNF and other high-level nuclear waste (HLW) in the United States anytime soon. About 70,000 metric tons of SNF are now in pool or dry cask storage at 75 sites across the United States [Government Accountability Office, 2012], and uncertainty about its fate is hobbling future development of nuclear power, increasing costs for utilities, and creating a liability for American taxpayers [Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future, 2012].However, abandoning Yucca Mountain could also result in broadening geologic options for hosting America’s nuclear waste. Shales and other argillaceous formations (mudrocks, clays, and similar clay-rich media) have been absent from the U.S. repository program. In contrast, France, Switzerland, and Belgium are now planning repositories in argillaceous formations after extensive research in underground laboratories on the safety and feasibility of such an approach [Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future, 2012; Nationale Genossenschaft für die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfälle (NAGRA), 2010; Organisme national des déchets radioactifs et des matières fissiles enrichies, 2011]. Other nations, notably Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom, are studying argillaceous formations or may consider them in their siting programs [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2012; Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), (2011a); Powell et al., 2010]."

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

Monitoring change in Great Salt Lake

Despite the ecological and economic importance of Great Salt Lake, only limited water quality monitoring has occurred historically. To change this, new monitoring stations and networks—gauges of lake level height and rate of inflow, moored buoys, and multiple lake-bottom sensors—will provide important information that can be used to make informed decisions regarding future management of the Great Salt Lake ecosystem.

Utah↗
USGS2013

Mobile laser scanning applied to the earth sciences

Lidar (light detection and ranging), a method by which the precise time of flight of emitted pulses of laser energy is measured and converted to distance for reflective targets, has helped scientists make topographic maps of Earth's surface at scales as fine as centimeters. These maps have allowed the discovery and analysis of myriad otherwise unstudied features, such as fault scarps, river channels, and even ancient ruins [Glennie et al., 2013b].

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2013

An international network of magnetic observatories

Since its formation in the late 1980s, the International Real-Time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET), a voluntary consortium of geophysical institutes from around the world, has promoted the operation of magnetic observatories according to modern standards [eg. Rasson, 2007]. INTERMAGNET institutes have cooperatively developed infrastructure for data exchange and management ads well as methods for data processing and checking. INTERMAGNET institute have also helped to expand global geomagnetic monitoring capacity, most notably by assisting magnetic observatory institutes in economically developing countries by working directly with local geophysicists. Today the INTERMAGNET consortium encompasses 57 institutes from 40 countries supporting 120 observatories (see Figures 1a and 1b). INTERMAGNET data record a wide variety of time series signals related to a host of different physical processes in the Earth's interiors and in the Earth's surrounding space environment [e.g., Love, 2008]. Observatory data have always had a diverse user community, and to meet evolving demand, INTERMAGNET has recently coordinated the introduction of several new data services.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2014

Coastal fog, climate change, and the environment

Coastal marine fog, a characteristic feature of climates generated at the eastern boundaries of ocean basins worldwide, evokes different feelings in those who experience it (see Figure 1). Authors and poets use fog to represent mystery, bleakness, and confusion. Film directors seek out fog to shroud scenes in eerie gloominess. Tourists visiting beaches bemoan the cool and damp conditions that create a striking contrast to the sunny warm conditions typically found less than a few kilometers inland. Airline passengers delayed by fog impatiently wait for the skies to clear. Residents get used to the Sun “rising” in midday after fog dissipates.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2011

Effort explores 130 Million years of Antarctic paleoenvironment

Antarctic climate history has been dominated by events and turning points with causes that are poorly understood. To fill the gaps in our knowledges new effort is underway in the international geologic community to acquire and coordinate the circum‐Antarctic geologic data needed to derive and model paleoenvironments of the past 130 m.y. The effort, which focuses principally on using shallow (<100 m) stratigraphic drilling and coring to acquire the geologic data, is being led by the Antarctic Offshore Stratigraphy Project (ANTOSTRAT), a group that works under the aegis of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). About 40 scientists from 12 countries met this past summer in Wellington, New Zealand, at an ANTOSTRAT meeting to discuss strategies for implementing the desired paleoenvironmental field and modeling studies. The meeting was held in conjunction with the 8th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗
USGS2011

Comment [on “Sea level rise shown to drive coastal erosion”]

Leatherman et al. [2000] (Eos, Trans., AGU, February 8, 2000, p.55) affirm that global eustatic sea-level rise is driving coastal erosion. Furthermore, they argue that the long-term average rate of shoreline retreat is 150 times the rate of sea-level rise. This rate, they say, is more than a magnitude greater than would be expected from a simple response to sea-level rise through inundation of the shoreline. We agree that sea-level rise is the primary factor causing shoreline retreat in stable coastal areas.This is intuitive. We also believe, however, that the Leatherman et al. [2000] study has greatly underestimated the rate of coastal recession along most low slope shorelines. Slopes along the North Carolina continental shelf/coastal plain approach 10,000:1. To us, this suggests that we should expect rates of shoreline recession 10,000 times the rate of sea-level rise through simple inundation of the shoreline.

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union↗