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At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
USGS2020

Geologic map of Petroglyph National Monument and vicinity, Bernalillo County, New Mexico

This geologic map depicts and briefly describes geologic units underlying Petroglyph National Monument and immediately adjacent areas in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. The Monument is underlain dominantly by Quaternary basalts of the Albuquerque Volcanoes volcanic field, a series of basin-filling volcanic flows and associated vents from a monogenetic volcanic highland along the eastern margin of the Llano de Albuquerque. This compilation builds on data of previously published geologic maps and reports but includes new interpretive synthesis of volcanic stratigraphy and a unified representation of Quaternary surficial deposits overlying volcanic deposits within the Monument and areas immediately adjacent. This geologic map emphasizes the distribution of Quaternary volcanic vent areas and lava flow deposits which were incompletely mapped on previous publications. Surficial deposits are simplified, but uniformly mapped and described in contrast to varying map unit distributions, names and descriptions presented in the references above. Underlying deposits of the upper Santa Fe Group are exposed in the western part of the map area and described briefly. North-trending, syn- and post-eruption faulting is well preserved in the volcanic field and reflected in the subsurface models of aeromagnetic data. These faults are dominated by dip-slip displacement and are interpreted as extensional faults of the central Albuquerque Basin of the northern Rio Grande rift. Elongate distribution of vents for most of the volcanic deposits are spatially associated with the easternmost of these faults and are interpreted to reflect eruptions from fissures paralleling the regional extensional fault trends of the rift.

New Mexico↗
USGS2011

Geologic map of the eastern half of the Vail 30' x 60' quadrangle, Eagle, Summit, and Grand Counties, Colorado

Recent mapping and geochronologic studies for the eastern half of the Vail 1:100,000-scale quadrangle have significantly improved our understanding of (1) Paleoproterozoic history of the basement rocks of the Gore Range and Williams Fork Mountains (western margin of the Front Range), (2) the Late Paleozoic history of the Gore fault system, (3) Laramide contractional tectonism, including deformation along the Gore fault and Williams Range thrust, (4) Oligocene and younger extensional history of the Blue River half graben (The northern extent of the Rio Grande rift), and (5) late Neogene and Quaternary surficial history. The recently active Gilman mining district, a major producer of zinc and lead, is in the southwestern corner of the map area. Marine sediments and mafic to felsic volcanic rocks deposited between about 1,740 and 1,780 m.y. were generally metamorphosed to amphibolite grade and intruded and deformed by mostly calc-alkalic granitic rocks during an orogenic episode that lasted about 110 m.y. The distribution of well-studied Upper Cambrian to thick Upper Cretaceous platform sediments is now greatly improved, which allows a better definition of the late Paleozoic uplift, erosion, and flanking sedimentation of the ancestral Front Range. Detailed mapping has also better defined the geometry of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Laramide deformation along both the Gore fault system and Williams Range thrust, as well as increased understanding of the details of mostly Neogene extension along the Blue River normal fault system (the western margin of the Blue River half graben). Scarps along the latter fault system indicate movement may be as young as Holocene. Detailed mapping of surficial deposits has defined and described (1) six ages of terrace alluvium, (2) three general ages of landslides, (3) glacial and periglacial deposits, and (4) fan, pediment, talus, and debris-flow deposits. The map is intended as a database for a variety of land-use and scientific purposes, including (1) assessment of geologically stable building sites, (2) planning for road and highway construction, (3) assessment of groundwater resources, (4) assessment of mineral resources, (5) determining geologic-hazard potential (flooding, landslide, rockfall, and seismic risk), (6) evaluating the structure of the northern Rio Grande rift in the Blue River valley, (7) improvement in understanding of the sedimentary section, which spans the period from the Cambrian to the Holocene, and (8) new insights into the geologic history of the Proterozoic basement rocks, including a number of new radiometric dates.

Scientific Investigations Map↗
USGS2022

Delineating the Pierre Shale from geophysical surveys east and southeast of Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, 2021

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, used surface-geophysical methods to delineate the top of Cretaceous Pierre Shale along survey transects in selected areas east and southeast of Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, from April to September 2021. Two complementary geophysical methods—electrical resistivity and passive seismic—were used along 21 colocated transect surveys east and southeast of Ellsworth Air Force Base for a total of 24.7 line-kilometers. Electrical resistivity results were analyzed using EarthImager2D electrical resistivity tomography processing and inversion software. Two-dimensional earth models showing the electrical properties of the subsurface were evaluated by directly comparing the high and low subsurface resistivity values to a surficial-geologic map and nearby wells with drillers logs. Passive seismic data were analyzed using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method to determine the depth to the Cretaceous Pierre Shale at each survey point. The depth to the Pierre Shale along the transects ranged from 0.0 to about 19.8 meters, and the mean and median depths were about 6.1 and 5.6 meters, respectively. The elevation of the Pierre Shale and thickness of unconsolidated deposits generally increased with land-surface elevation from south to north; however, some transects displayed topographically high and low areas that did not correlate with land-surface topography.

South Dakota↗
USGS2012

Geologic map of the Cochetopa Park and North Pass Calderas, northeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado

The San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado have long been known as a site of exceptionally voluminous mid-Tertiary volcanism, including at least 22 major ignimbrite sheets (each 150-5,000 km 3 ) and associated caldera structures active at 33-23 Ma. Recent volcanologic and petrologic studies in the San Juan region have focused mainly on several ignimbrite-caldera systems: the southeastern area (Platoro complex), western calderas (Uncompahgre-Silverton-Lake City), and the central cluster (La Garita-Creede calderas). Far less studied has been the northeastern San Juan region, which occupies a transition between earlier volcanism in central Colorado and large-volume younger ignimbrite-caldera foci farther south and west. The present map is based on new field coverage of volcanic rocks in seventeen 7.5' quadrangles in northeastern parts of the volcanic field, high-resolution age determinations for 120 new sites, and petrologic studies involving several hundred new chemical analyses. This mapping and the accompanying lab results (1) document volcanic evolution of the previously unrecognized North Pass caldera and the morphologically beautifully preserved but enigmatic Cochetopa basin, including unique features not previously described from ignimbrite calderas elsewhere; (2) provide evidence for a more rapid recurrence of large ignimbrite eruptions than previously known elsewhere; (3) quantify the regional time-space-volume progression from the earlier Sawatch magmatic trend southward into the San Juan region; and (4) permit more rigorous comparison between the broad mid-Tertiary magmatic belt in the western U.S. Cordillera and the type continental-margin arc volcanism in the central Andes.

Colorado↗
USGS2020

Geologic map of the Homestake Reservoir 7.5′ quadrangle, Lake, Pitkin, and Eagle Counties, Colorado

The Homestake Reservoir 7.5' quadrangle lies at the northwestern end of the Upper Arkansas Valley, and headwaters of the Arkansas River, and the Roaring Fork, Fryingpan, and Eagle Rivers of the Colorado River system. The quadrangle lies within tectonic provinces of the 1.4 giga-annum (Ga) Picuris orogeny and includes the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rockies, Late Cretaceous-Paleocene Laramide orogeny, Oligocene-to-Miocene and Pliocene? volcanism, and Miocene to the present Rio Grande rift extensional tectonics. In the eastern half of the quadrangle, high-angle, east-dipping, Neogene normal faults displace Proterozoic rocks, and locally Miocene-to-Pliocene? volcanic rocks. Many quartz veins and hydrothermally altered zones are exposed along the eastern flank of the quadrangle, indicative of the multiple tectonic episodes the region has experienced. The main intent of the map is to unravel the structural complexity by partitioning the structures and volcanism within the appropriate geologic interval. This ultimately permits accurate identification of geomorphic features suitable for chronologies related to landscape evolution studies, seismic and other natural hazard identification, ground and surface water modeling, and paleoclimatic studies. Within the western half of the quadrangle, Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks of 1.4 Ga St. Kevin Granite and 1.8–1.7 Ga Biotite gneiss and schist, respectively, are uplifted along the generally east-dipping, high-angle Sawatch fault system. In the northwest portion of the quadrangle, strands of the Homestake shear zone have been mapped, dated and assigned to the 1.4 Ga Picuris orogeny of northern New Mexico. 10 Be and 26 Al cosmogenic nuclide ages of the youngest glacial deposits indicate a last glacial maximum age of about 22–21 kilo-annum (ka) and complete deglaciation by about 14 kilo-annum, supported by chronologic studies in adjacent drainages. The Turquoise Lake impounding lateral and terminal moraine complex was deposited during late Pleistocene glacial maximum ~22–21 ka. No late Pleistocene tectonic activity is apparent within the quadrangle.

Colorado↗
USGS2020

Bathymetric map, surface area, and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, northeastern Oklahoma, 2019

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Grand River Dam Authority, completed a high-resolution multibeam bathymetric survey to compute a new area and capacity table for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees in northeastern Oklahoma. Area and capacity tables identify the relation between the elevation of the water surface and the volume of water that can be impounded at each water-surface elevation. The area and capacity of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees were computed from a triangular irregular network surface created in Global Mapper Version 21.0.1. The triangular irregular network surface was created from three datasets: (1) a multibeam mapping system bathymetric survey of Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees completed during April–July 2019, (2) a previous bathymetric survey of the Neosho, Spring, and Elk Rivers, and (3) a 2010 USGS lidar-derived digital elevation model. The digital elevation model data were used in areas with land-surface elevations greater than 744 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 where the multibeam sonar data could not be collected. The 2019 multibeam sonar data were the predominant data used to compute the new area and capacity table for Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees.

Oklahoma↗
USGS2026

Map depicting locations susceptible to landslide hazards triggered by prolonged intense rainfall, Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico

Introduction Landslides commonly occur in Puerto Rico during or soon after rainstorms with prolonged intense rainfall. Rainfall-triggered landslides present significant hazards to the built environment and human safety (for example, Jibson, 1986; Larsen and Torres Sanchez, 1992; Bessette-Kirton and others, 2019a). These hazards were illustrated during September 2017 (Hughes and others, 2019), when Hurricane María triggered more than 70,000 landslides across Puerto Rico (fig. 1), causing loss of life and widespread destruction (figs. 2–4). In Naranjito Municipio, about 2,000 landslides were observed after Hurricane María (Hughes and others, 2019). Most intense-rainfall-triggered landslides in Puerto Rico occur in soil overlying bedrock and travel downslope from where they initiated (for example, Jibson, 1986; Bessette-Kirton and others, 2019a; 2020). Hazards to human life and infrastructure can differ substantially between where landslides initiate and where they travel. At landslide initiation locations, the ground breaks up (fails) as it moves downslope, removing support for buildings, roadways, and other structures located upon the landslides (figs. 3B, 4A, B). This ground failure often causes structures to collapse and suffer severe damage or complete destruction, rendering building occupants at extreme risk. Roadways and other vital infrastructure, such as water, power, and communication lines are often severed. During intense rainfall events, landslide initiation and movement downslope can occur in seconds to hours. Downslope from where they initiate, landslides in Puerto Rico often move, or runout, very rapidly (faster than a person can walk or run) and can impact and destroy or fill structures with mud and debris (figs. 3A, 4A, C) as well as bury roadways (fig. 4A). Moving landslides present extreme hazards to human safety; some fatalities during Hurricane María resulted from mud and debris that flowed through windows and doors of a home and buried occupants. Many landslides in Puerto Rico become fast-moving debris flows, which are especially common in channels where they can quickly travel kilometers downstream. Multiple debris flows may occur in a channel during a single rainstorm (some channels experienced more than 50 debris flows during Hurricane María; Bessette-Kirton and others, 2020). This map separately depicts locations and the relative likelihood of where landslides may initiate, where they may move downslope, and where channelized debris flows may travel during or soon after intense rainfall like that during Hurricane María. An estimated average of 529 millimeters of rainfall fell across Naranjito during September 19–21, 2017 (Ramos-Scharrón and Arima, 2019). Lower rainfall amounts, durations, and intensities also trigger landsliding in Puerto Rico, although landslides and debris flows become more numerous as rainfall intensities, durations, and cumulative amounts increase.

Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico↗
USGS2007

Geologic Map of the MTM -30262 and -30267 Quadrangles, Hadriaca Patera Region of Mars

Introduction Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) -30262 and -30267 quadrangles cover the summit region and east margin of Hadriaca Patera, one of the Martian volcanoes designated highland paterae. MTM -30262 quadrangle includes volcanic deposits from Hadriaca Patera and Tyrrhena Patera (summit northeast of map area) and floor deposits associated with the Dao and Niger Valles canyon systems (south of map area). MTM -30267 quadrangle is centered on the caldera of Hadriaca Patera. The highland paterae are among the oldest, central-vent volcanoes on Mars and exhibit evidence for explosive eruptions, which make a detailed study of their geology an important component in understanding the evolution of Martian volcanism. Photogeologic mapping at 1:500,000-scale from analysis of Viking Orbiter images complements volcanological studies of Hadriaca Patera, geologic investigations of the other highland paterae, and an analysis of the styles and evolution of volcanic activity east of Hellas Planitia in the ancient, cratered highlands of Mars. This photogeologic study is an extension of regional geologic mapping east of Hellas Planitia. The Martian highland paterae are low-relief, areally extensive volcanoes exhibiting central calderas and radial channels and ridges. Four of these volcanoes, Hadriaca, Tyrrhena, Amphitrites, and Peneus Paterae, are located in the ancient cratered terrains surrounding Hellas Planitia and are thought to be located on inferred impact basin rings or related fractures. Based on analyses of Mariner 9 images, Potter (1976), Peterson (1977), and King (1978) suggested that the highland paterae were shield volcanoes formed by eruptions of fluid lavas. Later studies noted morphologic similarities between the paterae and terrestrial ash shields and the lack of primary lava flow features on the flanks of the volcanoes. The degraded appearances of Hadriaca and Tyrrhena Paterae and the apparently easily eroded materials composing their low, broad shields further suggest that the highland paterae are composed predominantly of pyroclastic deposits. Analyses of eruption and flow processes indicate that the distribution of units at Hadriaca and Tyrrhena Paterae is consistent with emplacement by gravity-driven pyroclastic flows. Detailed geologic study of the summit caldera and flanks of Hadriaca Patera is essential to determine the types of volcanic materials exposed, the nature of the processes forming these deposits, and the role of volcanism in the evolution of the cratered highlands that are characteristic of the southern hemisphere of Mars.

Scientific Investigations Map↗
USGS2006

Isostatic Gravity Map with Geology of the Santa Ana 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Southern California

This report presents an updated isostatic gravity map, with an accompanying discussion of the geologic significance of gravity anomalies in the Santa Ana 30 by 60 minute quadrangle, southern California. Comparison and analysis of the gravity field with mapped geology indicates the configuration of structures bounding the Los Angeles Basin, geometry of basins developed within the Elsinore and San Jacinto Fault zones, and a probable Pliocene drainage network carved into the bedrock of the Perris block. Total cumulative horizontal displacement on the Elsinore Fault derived from analysis of the length of strike-slip basins within the fault zone is about 5-12 km and is consistent with previously published estimates derived from other sources of information. This report also presents a map of density variations within pre-Cenozoic metamorphic and igneous basement rocks. Analysis of basement gravity patterns across the Elsinore Fault zone suggests 6-10 km of right-lateral displacement. A high-amplitude basement gravity high is present over the San Joaquin Hills and is most likely caused by Peninsular Ranges gabbro and/or Tertiary mafic intrusion. A major basement gravity gradient coincides with the San Jacinto Fault zone and marked magnetic, seismic-velocity, and isotopic gradients that reflect a discontinuity within the Peninsular Ranges batholith in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.

Scientific Investigations Map↗
USGS2008

Thermal Maturity Patterns (CAI and %Ro) in Upper Ordovician and Devonian Rocks of the Appalachian Basin: A Major Revision of USGS Map I-917-E Using New Subsurface Collections

The conodont color alteration index (CAI) introduced by Epstein and others (1977) and Harris and others (1978) is an important criterion for estimating the thermal maturity of Ordovician to Mississippian rocks in the Appalachian basin. Consequently, the CAI isograd maps of Harris and others (1978) are commonly used by geologists to characterize the thermal and burial history of the Appalachian basin and to better understand the origin and distribution of oil and gas resources in the basin. The main objectives of our report are to present new CAI isograd maps for Ordovician and Devonian rocks in the Appalachian basin and to interpret the geologic and petroleum resource implications of these maps. The CAI isograd maps presented herein complement, and in some areas replace, the CAI-based isograd maps of Harris and others (1978) for the Appalachian basin. The CAI data presented in this report were derived almost entirely from subsurface samples, whereas the CAI data used by Harris and others (1978) were derived almost entirely from outcrop samples. Because of the different sampling methods, there is little geographic overlap of the two data sets. The new data set is mostly from the Allegheny Plateau structural province and most of the data set of Harris and others (1978) is from the Valley and Ridge structural province, east of the Allegheny structural front.

Scientific Investigations Map↗
USGS2009

Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2009

This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2009. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 625 wells during the period May 14 - May 29, near the end of the dry season. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to groundwater withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Groundwater withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Groundwater in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.

Florida↗
USGS2014

Lidar-revised geologic map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' quadrangle, King and Pierce Counties, Washington

For this map, we interpreted a 6-ft-resolution lidar digital elevation model combined with the geology depicted on the Geologic Map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' Quadrangle, King and Pierce Counties, Washington (Booth and others, 2004b). The authors of the 2004 map described, interpreted, and located the geology on the 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' quadrangle. The topographic map, published in 1997 but compiled in 1957, includes planimetry derived from 1990 imagery and 20-ft contours, nominal horizontal resolution of 40 ft (12 m), and nominal vertical accuracy of 10 ft (3 m). Similar to many surficial geologic maps, much of the geology in Booth and others (2004b) was interpreted from landforms portrayed on the topographic map. In 2003, the Puget Sound Lidar Consortium obtained a lidar-derived digital elevation model (DEM) for the Puget Sound region including all of the Poverty Bay 7.5' quadrangle. For a brief description of lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging) and this data acquisition program, see Haugerud and others (2003). This new DEM has a horizontal resolution and accuracy of 6 ft (2 m) and vertical accuracy of approximately 1 ft (0.3 m). The greater resolution and accuracy of the lidar DEM have facilitated a new interpretation of the geology, especially the distribution and relative age of some surficial deposits.

Washington↗
USGS2018

Altitude of the potentiometric surface, 2000–15, and historical water-level changes in the Memphis aquifer in the Memphis area, Tennessee

The Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers are the principal sources of water for municipal, industrial, and commercial uses in the Memphis area. About 207 million gallons per day of groundwater were withdrawn in Shelby County, Tennessee, from both aquifers in 2010 for these uses, with most of the water coming from the Memphis aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Memphis, Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division, collects groundwater-level data in the Memphis area and periodically prepares potentiometric-surface maps for the Memphis aquifer to assess conditions in this regionally important water supply aquifer. This report presents the altitudes of the potentiometric surface of water in wells screened in the Memphis aquifer based on water-level measurements made in the fall of 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 and describes historical water-level changes in the Memphis aquifer at key observation wells in the Memphis area. The Memphis area is about 1,500 square miles and includes all of Shelby County and parts of Tipton and Fayette Counties in Tennessee, parts of DeSoto and Marshall Counties in Mississippi, and part of Crittenden County in Arkansas.

Tennessee↗
USGS2017

Bathymetry of Clear Creek Reservoir, Chaffee County, Colorado, 2016

To better characterize the water supply capacity of Clear Creek Reservoir, Chaffee County, Colorado, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pueblo Board of Water Works and Colorado Mountain College, carried out a bathymetry survey of Clear Creek Reservoir. A bathymetry map of the reservoir is presented here with the elevation-surface area and the elevation-volume relations. The bathymetry survey was carried out June 6–9, 2016, using a man-operated boat-mounted, multibeam echo sounder integrated with a Global Positioning System and a terrestrial survey using real-time kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems. The two collected datasets were merged and imported into geographic information system software. The equipment and methods used in this study allowed water-resource managers to maintain typical reservoir operations, eliminating the need to empty the reservoir to carry out the survey.

Colorado↗
USGS2012

Under trees and water at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-ft-high volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming, or climactic, eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Prior to the climactic event, Mount Mazama had a 400,000-year history of volcanic activity similar to other large Cascade volcanoes such as Mounts Shasta, Hood, and Rainier. Since the caldera formed, many smaller, less violent eruptions occurred at volcanic vents below Crater Lake's surface, including Wizard Island. A survey of Crater Lake National Park with airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) resulted in a digital elevation map of the ground surface beneath the forest canopy. The average resolution is 1.6 laser returns per square meter yielding vertical and horizontal accuracies of ±5 cm. The map of the floor beneath the surface of the 1,947-ft-deep (593-m-deep) Crater Lake was developed from a multibeam sonar bathymetric survey and was added to the map to provide a continuous view of the landscape from the highest peak on Mount Scott to the deepest part of Crater Lake. Four enlarged shaded-relief views provide a sampling of features that illustrate the resolution of the LiDAR survey and illustrate its utility in revealing volcanic landforms and subtle features of the climactic eruption deposits. LiDAR's high precision and ability to "see" through the forest canopy reveal features that may not be easily recognized-even when walked over-because their full extent is hidden by vegetation, such as the 1-m-tall arcuate scarp near Castle Creek.

Oregon↗
USGS2018

Image mosaic and topographic maps of Mercury

Map Descriptions Sheet 1 : This image mosaic is based on observations acquired by the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS; Hawkins and others, 2009), an instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft (Solomon and others, 2007). The Mercator projection is used between latitudes ±57°, with a central meridian at 0° longitude and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The polar stereographic projection is used for the regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel, with a central meridian set for both at 0° and a latitude of true scale at +90° and –90°, respectively. All features greater than 100 km in diameter or length were included unless they were not visible at the printed map scale. Some selected well-known features less than 100 km in diameter or length were also included. For listed references, please open the full PDF. Sheet 2 : This map is based on data acquired by the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS; Hawkins and others, 2009) and Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA; Cavanaugh and others, 2007) instruments on the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft (Solomon and others, 2007). The topographic shaded-relief maps were generated from the original MDIS- and MLA-based DEMs with a sun angle of 45° from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north, with no vertical exaggeration. The DEM values were then mapped to a global color look-up table, with each color representing a range of 1 km of elevation. The shaded-relief and color files were then merged and scaled to 1:20,000,000 for the Mercator portion and 1:12,157,366 for the two polar stereographic parts with a resolution of 300 pixels per inch. The two projections have a common scale at ±56° latitude. The Mercator projection is used between latitudes ±57°, with a central meridian at 0° longitude and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The polar stereographic projection is used for the regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel, with a central meridian set for both at 0° and a latitude of true scale at +90° and –90°, respectively. All features greater than 200 km in diameter or length were included unless they were not visible at the printed map scale. Some selected well-known features less than 200 km in diameter or length were also included. Sheet 2 is offered digitally as a layered PDF with two elevation color ramp options—the original printed version and a multicolored ramp developed by the MESSENGER team for their global products. For listed references, please open the full PDF.

Scientific Investigations Map↗
USGS2026

Bathymetric maps, surface areas, and storage capacities of Council Grove Lake and Marion Reservoir, Kansas, and Pine Creek Lake, Oklahoma, 2024

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, completed high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys to compute new elevation-area-capacity tables for Council Grove Lake and Marion Reservoir, Kansas, and Pine Creek Lake, Oklahoma. Elevation-area-capacity tables identify the relation between the water-surface elevation, surface area, and storage capacity of the lake. The surface areas and storage capacities of each lake were computed from bathymetric surfaces combining multibeam echo sounder data collected in 2024 and light detection and ranging point-cloud data collected in 2016 and 2018.

Kansas, Oklahoma↗
USGS2011

Geologic map of the Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle and part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle, Kitsap County, Washington

The Suquamish 7.5' quadrangle is in the center of the Puget Lowland, Washington. The quadrangle contains the northern two-thirds of Bainbridge Island and adjacent parts of the Kitsap Peninsula. Puget Sound and contiguous waterways form 35 percent of the map area. Maximum elevation is 137 m in the northwest corner of the quadrangle, west of Suquamish; the modal elevation is 44 m. The center of the quadrangle is 20 km west-northwest of downtown Seattle. Winslow, in the southeast corner of the quadrangle, is a 35-minute ferry ride from Seattle. The Suquamish quadrangle lies within the Salish Lowland physiographic province (Haugerud, 2004), a broad region in the forearc of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that extends from south of Olympia, Washington, to north of Campbell River, British Columbia, and includes both the Puget Lowland of western Washington and the Georgia Depression of northwestern Washington and southwestern British Columbia. To the east are the Cascade Range and Coast Mountains; to the west is the outer-arc high of the Coast Ranges. The Salish Lowland is the locus of late Cenozoic subsidence: Jones (1996) indicates as much as 1 km of unconsolidated fill beneath some areas. The Lowland is crossed by east-west topographic highs formed by bedrock uplifts. A northern San Juan high divides the Lowland into Georgia Depression and Puget Lowland subprovinces. A southern high, which lies athwart the south end of Bainbridge Island immediately south of the map area, coincides with the Seattle Fault Zone along which uplift has brought Eocene rocks to elevations of 800-1,200 m, 8-10 km higher than equivalent strata in the floor of the Seattle structural basin that underlies central and northern Bainbridge Island and areas to the east (Brocher and others, 2001; Blakely and others, 2002). Deformation along the Seattle Fault appears to be driven by north-south shortening of the Cascade forearc (Wells and others, 1998). Pleistocene glacial deposits underlie most of the map area. Most extensive are the various members of the Vashon Drift, deposited in the Vashon stade of the Fraser Glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) between about about 17,000 years ago. This study was undertaken in response to (1) awareness of the hazard posed by future earthquakes in the Seattle Fault Zone, at the south edge of the quadrangle, and the need to marshal geologic evidence for the rate and style of deformation; (2) increasing population on Bainbridge Island and consequent pressure on groundwater resources; (3) concern about landslide hazards; and (4) awareness of the role that the nearshore zone plays in supporting marine resources.

Washington↗