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Movements, home range, and control of porcupines in western Washington.

Radio-telemetry was used to monitor the movements of 18 porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) in typical west Cascase habitat near Mount St. Helens, Washington. Average linear movement ranged from 249 m in 24 hr to 1,585 m for periods of more than 30 days. The greatest linear movement was 31.1 km in 66 days. Average home range of animals tracked for 10 months or more was 83.5 hectares; the average range of males (106.6 hectares) exceeded that of females (81.2 hectares). Concentration of animals at den sites was not observed. Hunting porcupines with dogs is probably the most effective control measure.

Wildlife Leaflet

Options for water-level control in developed wetlands

Wetland habitats in the United States currently are lost at a rate of 260,000 acres/year (105,218 ha/year). Consequently, water birds concentrate in fewer and smaller areas. Such concentrations may deplete food supplies and influence behavior, physiology, and survival. Continued losses increase the importance of sound management of the remaining wetlands because water birds depend on them. Human activities modified the natural hydrology of most remaining wetlands in the conterminous United States, and such hydrologic alterations frequently reduce wetland productivity. The restoration of original wetland functions and productivity often requires the development of water distribution and discharge systems to emulate natural hydrologic regimes. Construction of levees and correct placement of control structures and water-delivery and water-discharge systems are necessary to (1) create soil and water conditions for the germination of desirable plants, (2) control nuisance vegetation, (3) promote the production of invertebrates, and (4) make foods available for wildlife that depends of wetlands (Leaflets 13.2.1 and 13.4.6). This paper provides basic guidelines for the design of wetlands that benefit wildlife. If biological considerations are not incorporated into such designs, the capability of managing wetlands for water birds is reduced and costs often are greater. Although we address the development of palustrine wetlands in migration and wintering areas, many of the discussed principles are applicable to the development of other wetland types and in other locations.

Book chapter

Tularemia, an animal-borne disease

the disease tularemia continues to be of such importance in the United States that the Fish and Wildlife Service is constantly receiving requests for information on its nature and on the procedure recommended by field representatives of the Service in their work wiht the public. Such information is summarized in this leaflet. the information on human infections presented and the recommendations made have been endorsed by the United States Public Health Service.

Wildlife Leaflet