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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
USGS1982

Habitat suitability index models: Cutthroat trout

Cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki, are a polytypic species consisting of several geographically distinct forms with a broad distribution and a great amount of genetic diversity (Hickman 1978; Behnke 1979). Behnke (1979) recognized 13 extant subspecies: Coastal cutthroat (S. c. clarki) in coastal streams from Prince William Sound, Alaska to the Eel Rlver in California; mountain cutthroat (~. ~. alpestris) in upper Columbia and F~Dser River drainages of British Columbia; west slope cutthroat (S. c. lewisi) in the upper Columbia, Salmon, Clearwater, South Saskatchewan and upper Missouri drainages of Montana and Idaho; an undescribed subspecies in the Alvord basin, Oregon; Lahonton cutthroat (S. c ..henshawi), Pauite cutthroat (S. c. seleniris), and an undescribed- subspecies in the Humboldt River drafnage of the Lahontan basin of Nevada and California; Yellowstone cutthroat (S. c. bouvieri) in the Yellowstone drainage of Wyoming and Montana and the Snake River drainage of Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada; an undescribed subspecies (fine spotted) in the upper Snake River, Wyoming; Bonneville cutthroat (S. c. utah) in the Bonneville basin in Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Wyoming; Colorado River cutthroat (~. ~. pleuriticus) in the Colorado River drainage in Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado; greenback cutthroat (S. c. stomias) in the South Platte and Arkansas River systems; and Rio Grande cutthroat (~. ~. virginalis) in the Rio Grande River drainage of Colorado and New Mexico. Many of these 13 subspecies are included on Federal or State endangered or threatened species lists. Temperature and chemical preferences, migration, and other ecological and life history attributes vary among cutthroat subspecies (Behnke 1979). Differences in growth rate (Carlander 1969; Scott and Crossman 1973; Behnke 1979) and food preferences have also been reported (Trojnar and Behnke 1974) between some subspecies.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Roseate spoonbill

The roseate spoonbill is a long-legged wading bird with a height of approximately 80 cm (31.5 inches), a wingspan of 1.3 m (4.3 ft), and a weight of 1.6 kg (3.5 Ib }. The bill is narrower near the base (2-3 em, 0.8-1.2 inches) than at the flattened tip (5 cm, 2 inches) and is 15-18 cm (5.9-7.1 inches) in length. Roseate spoonbills occur and nest in peninsular Florida, coastal Louisiana, and Texas, south through the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America to Argentina and Chile. Marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats are utilized, but brackish areas are favored (Blacklock et al. 1978). In the late 1970·s there were 2,500 pairs nesting along the Texas coast (Texas Colonial Waterbird Society 1982), 1,300 pairs in southwestern Louisiana (Portnoy 1977), and 1,400 pairs in Florida (Robertson et al. 1983). These birds are resident year round in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, but fewer bi rds are present duri ng the nonbreedi ng season than in the breeding season. Some individuals move northward after nesting and have been reported in Georgia, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Wisconsin, but most spoonbills move south when they leave the breeding area.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Clapper rail

A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a model suitable for evaluating the quality of coastal habitat of clapper rails (Rallus longirostris). The model is scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for coastal areas of the continental United States. Habitat suitability indices are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Guidelines for clapper rail model applications and techniques for estimating model variables are discussed.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Mottled duck

The mottled duck is a mallard-like resident species of the Gulf of Mexico coast, from the marshes of Pearl River on the Lou i si ana-Ht ss t ss ipp i border to the Al varado Lagoon near Veracruz, Mexico (Bell rose 1976). The highest densities of nesting mottl ed ducks are found in brackish to fresh coastal marshes (H. Bateman, Louisiana Department of Wildl ife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge; pers , comm.). Mottled ducks also inhabit prairie land near prairie potholes in Texas and flooded rice fields in Texas (Engel ing 1950) and Louisiana (Linscombe 1972).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat suitability index models: redhead (wintering)

The redhead is a North American waterfowl species with economic as well as ecological importance. It is highly desired by hunters. Retrieved redhead kill in the United States averaged 143,000 birds during the three waterfowl seasons from 1975 to 1977 (U.S. Department of the Interior 1981a, 1981b). Populations on the principal breeding grounds of the redhead--the prairie and parkland region of south-central Canada and north-central United States--averaged 710,000 birds from 1955 to 1981 (Bellrose 1976; A. Novara, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS], Jamestown, North Dakota; pers. comm.). Redhead numbers began to decline in the 1960's. Killing redheads became illegal from 1960 to 1963, and strict bag limits were imposed after that (Bellrose 1976). A breeding population low of 387,000 birds occurred in 1963, but prairie populations began to recover after that time. Their numbers peaked in 1980 when 1,146,000 birds were recorded (A. Novara, pers. comm.). During the fall, over a third of the total redhead population uses the migration corridor that extends from the prairie breeding area to the Texas gulf coast. Another migration corridor extends from the second most important breeding area--the Great Salt Basin--to the Texas coast (Bellrose 1976). During the fall, over a third of the total redhead population uses the migration corridor that extends from the prairie breeding area to the Texas gulf coast. Another migration corridor extends from the second most important breeding area--the Great Salt Basin--to the Texas coast (Bellrose 1976).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Northern Gulf of Mexico brown shrimp and white shrimp

A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop estuarine habitat models for brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) and white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus). The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for estuarine areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Habitat suitability indexes are designed for use with the habitat evaluation procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Yellow perch

A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for riverine, lacustrine, and palustrine habitat in the 48 contiguous United States. Habitat Suitability Indexes (HSI's) are designed for use with the Habitat Evaluation Procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Also included are discussions of Suitability Index (SI) curves as used in the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and SI curves available for an IFIM analysis of yellow perch habitat.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1984

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Walleye

The wall eye is native to freshwater ri vers and 1akes of Canada and the United States, with rare occurrences in brackish water (Scott and Crossman 1973). In the United States, its native range occurs primarily in drainages east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Appalachians; however, it has been widely introduced into reservoirs outside its native range (Colby et al. 1979). Walleye hybridize with sauger (S. canadense) and blue pike (S. v. glaucum) (Scott and Crossman 1973).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Gulf of Mexico American Oyster

The American or eastern oyster (Crassostrea virrinica [Gmelin]), a bivalve in the family Ostreidae, is an important commercia and recreational species along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of North America and other areas (U.S. Pacific coast and Hawaii) where it has been introduced (Galtsoff 1964). It evolved over the last 25 million years (Miocene and Pliocene epochs) from an ancestral, Atlantic-Pacific species that also gave rise to the Central American oyster of the Pacific coast, Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein) (Stenzel 1971). It evolved to fill a eurytopic niche in coastal estuaries where it forms massive reefs in nearshore bays, sounds, lagoons, and river mouths. Its existence depends on suitable substratum (cultch and firm bottom sediments) and acceptable sal-inity conditions. The location and distribution of oyster reefs in a salt marsh-estuari ne ecosystem are not acci denta 1; rather, they result from the interacti on of many bi 01 ogi ca 1, chemica1, geo1ogi ca1, and phys i ca 1 processes (Butler 1954a; Marshall 1954; Bahr and Lanier 1981).

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USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Alewife and blueback herring

Alewives and blueback herring are anadromous clupeids found along the Atlantic coast in marine, estuarine, and riverine habitats, depending upon life stage. Both are important commercial species, used fresh or salted for human consumption, and used as crab bait, fish meal (particularly in animal food manufacturing), and fish oil. Alewife and blueback herring are marketed collectively as 'river herring,' a term that will be used for both species in this report. River herring play important ecological roles. In marine, estuarine, and riverine food webs, they occupy a level between zooplankton, their principal food, and piscivores.

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USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Littleneck clam

The littleneck clam, a member of the family Veneridae, is a hardshell species found in estuaries, bays, sloughs, and open coastl ines along the Pacific coast. This clam primarily inhabits the intertidal zone, but also occurs in subtidal areas (Hancock et ale 1979). It ranges from the Aleutian Islands to Socorro Island, r,1exico (Fraser and Smith 1928; Fitch 1953). It is commercially important only in Br{tish Columbia and Washington, where it is a highly regarded table item (Goodwin 1971).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1982

Habitat suitability index models: Black crappie

Characteristics and habitat requirements of the black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) are described in a review of Habitat Suitability Index models. This is one in a series of publications to provide information on the habitat requirements of selected fish and wildlife species. Numerous literature sources have been consulted in an effort to consolidate scientific data on species-habitat relationships. These data have subsequently been synthesized into explicit Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models. The models are based on suitability indices indicating habitat preferences. Indices have been formulated for variables found to affect the life cycle and survival of each species. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models are designed to provide information for use in impact assessment and habitat management activities. The HSI technique is a corollary to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Habitat Evaluation Procedures.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1984

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Rainbow trout

A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), a freshwater species. The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater areas of the continental United States. Other habitat suitability models found in the literature are also included. Habitat suitability indexes (HSI's) are designed for use with the habitat evaluation procedures developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Also included are discussions of Suitability Index (SI) curves as used in the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and SI curves available for an IFIM analysis of Fallfish habitat.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Mink

The mink ( Mustela vison ) is a predatory, semiaquatic mammal that is generally associated with stream and river banks, lake shores, fresh and saltwater marshes, and marine shore habitats (Gerell 1970). Mink are chiefly nocturnal and remain active throughout the year (Marshall 1936); Gerell 1969; Burgess 1978). The species is adaptable in its use of habitat, modifying daily habits according to environmental conditions, particularly prey availability (Wise et al. 1981; Linn and Birds 1981; Birks and Linn 1982). The species is tolerant of human activity and will inhabit suboptimum habitats as long as an adequate food source is available; however, mink will be more mobile and change home ranges more frequently under such conditions (Linn pers. comm.).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1983

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Field sparrow

Habitat preferences of the field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) are described in this report, which is one of a series of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models. A review and synthesis of the literature is followed by the development of a habitat model for the field sparrow throughout its breeding range in the United States. HSI models are designed to be used in conjunction with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1984

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Black brant

A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop a habitat suitability index model for wintering habitat of the black brant (Branta bernicla nigracans). The model consolidates habitat use information into a framework appropriate for field application and is scaled to produce an index value between 0.0 (unsuitable habitat) to 1.0 (optimum habitat). Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are designed to be used with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1984

Habitat Suitability Index Models and Instream Flow Suitability Curves: White sucker

The white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) is a highly adaptable, freshwater fish species found in lacustrine and riverine environments from the Mackenzie River, Hudson Bay drainage, and the Labrador Peninsula; south along the Atlantic Coast to western Georgia; along the northern extremes of the Gulf States to northern Oklahoma; north through the eastern sections of Colorado, Wyomi ng, and Montana; and through A"I berta, north-central Bri t ish Col umbi a and southeastern Yukon territory (Carlander 1969; Scott and Crossman 1973).

FWS/OBS↗
USGS1984

Habitat Suitability Index Models: Pronghorn

This is one of a series of publications that provide information on the habitat requirements of selected fish and wildlife species. Literature describing the relationship between habitat variables related to life requisites and habitat suitability for the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are synthesized. These data are subsequently used to develop Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models. The HSI models are designed to provide information that can be used in impact assessment and habitat management.

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