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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
USGS2022

Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium

The Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) is conducted in phases to identify areas for acquiring new geologic framework data to identify potential domestic resources of the 35 mineral materials designated as critical minerals for the United States. This report describes the data sources and summary results for 13 critical minerals evaluated in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico during phase 3 of the study (antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium). Phases 1 and 2 of the Earth MRI addressed aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements (PGEs), rare earth elements (REEs), tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten. Critical minerals in Alaska are covered in a separate report. No focus areas for phase 3 critical minerals are delineated for Hawaii. The geologic, geochemical, topographic, and geophysical mapping provided by the Earth MRI documents geologic features that reflect the extent of individual mineral systems and provides information about critical mineral deposits that may not have been previously considered. The mineral-systems approach links critical mineral commodities to deposit types that represent the manifestations of large mineral systems. Each of the 13 critical mineral commodities for phase 3 of the Earth MRI is discussed in terms of its importance to the Nation’s economy, modes of occurrence, mineral systems, and deposit types, and is accompanied by maps and tables listing examples of focus areas in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico. Examples of important mineral systems for this group of 13 critical minerals include basin brine path systems for barite and fluorspar, Carlin-type systems and Coeur d’Alene systems for antimony, chemical weathering and volcanogenic seafloor systems for manganese, Climax-type systems for beryllium, mafic magmatic systems for chromium, marine evaporite systems for potash and magnesium, meteoric recharge systems for uranium, petroleum systems for helium, and placer systems for zirconium and hafnium.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1957

A gamma-ray absorption method for the determination of uranium in ores

Current radioactivity methods used for the determination of uranium in ores are based on the assumption that secular equilibrium exists between the daughter products. Eichholz has developed a method which is claimed to be independent of the degree of equilibrium, but it has been found to be inadequate when used with some types of disequilibriated ores. An absorption method has been developed for the determination of uranium which is independent of the secular equilibrium of the series. With some refinement this method may used to determine the state of equilibrium of an ore.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1975

Preliminary report on the use of LANDSAT-1 (ERTS-1) reflectance data in locating alteration zones associated with uranium mineralization near Cameron, Arizona

LANDSAT-I (ERTS-I) multispectral reflectance data were used to enhance the detection of alteration around uranium deposits near Cameron, Ariz. The technique involved stretching and ratioing computer-enhanced data from which electronic noise and atmospheric haze had been removed. Using present techniques, the work proves that LANDSAT-I data are useful in detecting alteration around uranium deposits, but the method may still be improved. Bluish-gray mudstone in the target area could not be differentiated from the altered zones on the ratioed images. Further experiments involving combinations of ratioed and nonratioed data will be required to uniquely define the altered zones.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1976

Ground magnetic and VLF studies at Midnite uranium mine, Stevens County, Washington

Ground magnetic and E-mode VLF measurements were made at more than 200 stations at the Midnite uranium Mine, Stevens County, Washington. The equipment was found to be light and foolproof, and each set of data was collected in one day, exclusive of surveying and marking the station points. The maps of contoured magnetic and VLF data resembled geologic maps of the area, showing many common features, as well as a few unique features on each map. Each showed some evidence of a small normal fault cutting the region; taken together, the evidence for this fault was judged to be much stronger, so that further structural details were inferred. Because of soil cover and inadequate outcrops, the presence of this fault had hitherto been unsuspected. A target area for further uranium mineralization north of the fault was indicated by this quick, inexpensive geophysical survey. The drilling program which Midnite Mine management had underway at that time had already outlined a mineralized zone in the indicated area.

Washington↗
USGS1977

Linear-traverse surveys of helium and radon in soil gas as a guide for uranium exploration, central Weld County, Colorado

Linear-traverse surveys of helium and radon in soil gas were performed and evaluated as a guide for uranium exploration in central Weld County, Colo. Repeated sampling over a 5-month period eventually delineated a helium anomaly along the main 11.2 km traverse, and that anomaly may be related to a uranium occurrence. A single traverse is difficult to interpret. A grid sampling pattern, no more time consuming than a repeated linear traverse, is preferred. Radon anomalies along the traverses are from radon-220, the thorium decay series member, and do not show a positive correlation with the helium analyses.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Radium and uranium data for mineral springs in eight Western States

Data for 116 mineral springs in eight Western States show a wide range of values. Specific conductance, temperature, and pH were measured at the sites between 1975 and 1977, and samples for radium and uranium analysis were collected. Correlation and regression analyses among the five measured parameters indicate that a positive correlation exists between radium and specific conductance and that negative correlations exist between radium and pH, specific conductance and pH, and uranium and temperature.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1978

Uranium and phosphate resources in the Cooper Formation of the Charleston region, South Carolina

Phosphate deposits formerly exploited in the Charleston district were formed by weathering and reworking of the Cooper Formation (Eocene and Oliogcene). Previous workers have shown that unusual concentrations of uranium occur in phosphate-rich nodular material formed during subareal weathering. We found that the old mining district is on an erosional high of the Cooper Formation and in a topographic depression, but that the process of weathering enrichment of the Cooper Formation extends beyond the mining district. Fresh sediments from the Cooper Formation average 14.5 ppm uranium and 1.0 percent P 2 0 5 for Oliogcene samples and 5.6 ppm U and 0.15 percent P 2 0 5 for Eocene samples. Zones of secondary enrichment over undifferentiated Cooper Formation average 2 m thick and have average values of 60 ppm U and 5.4 percent P 2 0 5 . No deposits clearly of economic importance were found, although detailed studies may reveal such deposits.

South Carolina↗
USGS1979

Effects of uranium development on erosion and associated sedimentation in southern San Juan Basin, New Mexico

A reconnaissance was made of some of the effects of uranium development on erosion and associated sedimentation in the southern San Juan Basin, where uranium development is concentrated. In general, the effects of exploration on erosion are minor, although erosion may be accelerated by the building of access roads, by activities at the drilling sites, and by close concentration of drilling sites. Areas where the greatest effects on erosion and sedimentation from mining and milling operations have occurred are: (1) in the immediate vicinity of mines and mills, (2) near waste piles, and (3) in stream channels where modifications, such as changes in depth have been caused by discharge of excess mine and mill water. Collapse of tailings piles could result in localized but excessive erosion and sedimentation.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1979

Helium in soil-gas and helium/radon in ground water in the vicinity of a south Texas uranium roll-type deposit

A survey was run in the vicinity of a south Texas uranium roll-type deposit to determine the general concentration of helium in the soil gas and helium/radon ratios in the ground water for deposits of this nature. The helium in soil-gas concentrations are typical of the concentrations found associated with other low-grade uranium deposits in other areas. The distribution of the values probably reflects local structure and is influenced by surface activities such as farming and mining. The helium/radon ratios in water strikingly reveal the known orebody, and some samples taken for background information may indicate the presence of nearby mineralized areas.

Texas↗
USGS1979

Formation and resulfidization of a South Texas roll-type uranium deposit

Core samples from a roll type uranium deposit in Live Oak County, south Texas have been studied and results are reported for Se, Mo, FeS2 and organic-carbon distribution, sulfide mineral petrology, and sulfur isotopic composition of iron-disulfide phases. In addition, sulfur isotopic compositions of dissolved sulfate and sulfide from the modern ground water within the ore bearing sand have been studied. The suite of elements in the ore sand and their geometric relationships throughout the deposit are those expected for typical roll-type deposits with well-developed oxidation-reduction interfaces. However, iron-disulfide minerals are abundant in the altered tongue, demonstrating that this interval has been sulfidized after mineralization (resulfidized or rereduced). Iron disulfide minerals in the rereduced interval differ mineralogically and isotopically from those throughout the remainder of the deposit. The resulfidized sand contains dominantly pyrite that is enriched in 34S, whereas the sand beyond the altered tongue contains abundant marcasite that is enriched in the light isotope, 32S. Textural relationships between pyrite and marcasite help to establish relative timing of iron disulfide formation. In reduced rock outside the altered tongue, three distinct generations of iron disulfide are present. The oldest of these generations consists largely of pyrite with lesser amounts of marcasite. A major episode of marcasite formation contemporaneous with ore genesis postdates the oldest pyrite generation but predates a younger pyrite generation. Resulfidization probably led to the final pyrite stage recognized beyond the altered tongue. Stable isotope data establish that the source of sulfur for the resulfidization was fault-leaked H2S probably derived from the Edwards Limestone of Cretaceous age which underlies the deposit. The deposit formed in at least two stages: (1) a pre-ore process of host rock sulfidization which produced disseminated pyrite as the dominant iron disulfide phase; and (2) an ore-stage process which led to the development of the uranium roll with emplacement of the characteristic suite of minor and accessory elements and which produced abundant isotopically light marcasite. The host rock was modified by a post-ore stage of resulfidization which precipitated isotopically heavy pyrite. Sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfide and sulfate present in modern ground water within the host sand differ greatly from sulfur isotopic composition of iron disulfides formed during the resulfidization episode. Iron disulfide minerals formed from the sulfur species of modern ground water have not been unequivocally identified.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1979

Interpretation of thermoluminescence patterns around a Wyoming roll-type uranium deposit

Thermoluminescence from quartz and feldspar grains in samples collected from the vicinity of a Wyoming roll-type uranium deposit show an increase in the importance of high-temperature thermoluminescence relative to low-temperature thermoluminescence of samples which are believed to be former positions of the migrating mineralized front. This effect is believed to be due to the increased radiation in the ore coupled with the faster rate of fading of low-temperature thermoluminescence compared to high-temperature thermoluminescence. Both the ratios of thermoluminescent responses from any of a variety of temperature ranges and glow curves (plots of intensity of thermoluminescence versus temperature) can be used to detect the increased importance of high-temperature thermoluminescence relative to low-temperature thermoluminescence of previously mineralized samples. Both ratios and glow curves present a systematic pattern around this deposit; these patterns may have application in uranium prospecting.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1979

Soil-gas helium concentrations in the vicinity of a uranium deposit, Red Desert, Wyoming

A survey of the helium concentration in soil-gas was conducted in the Red Desert Area, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. The area studied is directly over a low-grade uranium deposit that may be suitable for recovery by in-situ leaching techniques. The area was sampled twice, once in December, 1977, and again in July, 1978. Wind was a significant factor affecting the helium concentrations. Wind gusts exceeded 110 km/hr (70 mph) during the December, 1977, sampling; wind gusts did not exceed 30 km/hr (20 mph) during the July, 1978, sampling. The average helium concentration for all the July, 1978, soil-gas samples was about twice the average of the December, 1977, samples. In addition, a contour plot of the July, 1978, soil-gas samples showed an area of higher helium values that corresponds to the location of anomalies detected by other exploration techniques, and may be associated with the uranium deposit.

Wyoming↗
USGS1982

Multielement chemical and statistical analyses from a uranium hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment survey in and near the Elkhorn Mountains, Jefferson County, Montana. Part I: Surface water

Fifty-two surface-water samples, collected from an area south of Helena, Jefferson County, were analyzed for 51 chemical species. Of these variables, 35 showed detectable variation over the area, and 29 were utilized in a correlation analysis. Two populations are distinguished in the collected samples and are especially evident in the plot of Ca versus U. Samples separated on the basis of U versus Ca proved to represent drainage areas of two differing lithologies. One group was from waters that drain the Boulder batholith, the other from those that drain the Elkhorn Mountains volcanic rocks. These two groups of samples, in general, proved to have parallel but different linear trends between U and other elements. Therefore, the two groups of samples were treated separately in the statistical analyses. Over the area that drains the Boulder batholith, U concentrations in water ranged from 0.37 to 13.0 μ g/l , with a mean of 1.9 μ g/l. The samples from streams draining volcanic areas ranged from 0.04 to 1.5 μ g/l, with a mean of 0.42 μ g/l. The highest U values (12 and 13 μ g/l) occur along Badger Creek, Rawhide Creek, Little Buffalo Gulch, and an unnamed tributary to Clancy Creek. Conductivity, hardness, Ba, Ca, CI, K, Mg, Na and Sr are significantly correlated with U at or better than the 95 percent confidence limit in both populations. For water draining the Boulder batholith, uranium correlates significantly with akalinity, pH, bicarbonate, Li, Mo, NO2+NO3, P04, SiO2, SO4, F, and inorganic carbon. These correlations are similar to those found in a previous study of water samples in north-central New Mexico (Wenrich-Verbeek, 1977b). Uranium in water from the volcanic terrane does not show correlations with any of the above constituents, but does correlate well with V. This relationship with V is absent within the Boulder batholith samples.

Montana↗
USGS1981

Petrogenetic modeling of a potential uranium source rock, Granite Mountains, Wyoming

Previous studies of the granite of Lankin Dome have led to the conclusion that this granite was a source for the sandstone-type uranium deposits in the basins that surround the Granite Mountains, Wyo. Q-mode factor analysis of 29 samples of this granite shows that five bulk compositions are required to explain the observed variances of 33 constituents in these samples. Models presented in this paper show that the origin of the granite can be accounted for by the mixing of a starting liquid with two ranges of solid compositions such that all five compositions are granitic. There are several features of the granite of Lankin Dome that suggest derivation by partial melting and, because the proposed source region was inhomogeneous, that more than one of the five end members may have been a liquid. Data for the granite are compatible with derivation from rocks similar to those of the metamorphic complex that the granite intrudes. Evidence for crustal derivation by partial melting includes a strongly peraluminous nature, extremely high differentiation indices, high contents of incompatible elements, generally large negative Eu anomalies, and high initial lead and strontium isotopic ratios. If the granite of Lankin Dome originated by partial melting of a heterogeneous metamorphic complex, the initial magma could reasonably have been composed of a range of granitic liquids. Five variables were not well accounted for by a five-end-member model. Water, CO 2 , and U0 2 contents and the oxidation state of iron are all subject to variations caused by near-surface processes. The Q-mode factor analysis suggests that these four variables have a distribution determined by postmagmatic processes. The reason for failure of Cs0 2 to vary systematically with the other 33 variables is not known. Other granites that have lost large amounts of uranium possibly can be identified by Q-mode factor analysis.

Professional Paper↗
USGS2014

Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010

In 2010, the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission (WREQC), began an assessment of the effectiveness of the existing monitoring network at the Riverton, Wyoming, Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) site. The USGS used existing data supplied by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The study was to determine (1) seasonal variations in the direction of groundwater flow in the area of the former uranium processing facility toward the Little Wind River, (2) the extent of contaminated groundwater among the aquifers and between the aquifers and the Little Wind River, (3) whether current monitoring is adequate to establish the effectiveness of natural attenuation for the contaminants of concern, and (4) the influence of groundwater discharged from the sulfuric-acid plant on water quality in the Little Wind River.

Wyoming↗
USGS1955

Relationship of uranium and other trace elements to post-Cretaceous vulcanism

A regional study of the distribution of uranium, boron, tin, beryllium, niobium, lanthanum, lead, zirconium, lithium, and fluorine in 112 samples of Cenozoic volcanic rocks of predominately rhyolitic and dacitic composition has shown that the content of uranium has a significantly high positive correlation with that of niobium, beryllium, and fluorine, a lower but still significant positive correlation with lithium and tin, a significant negative correlation with boron and lanthanum, and no significant correlation with zirconium and lead. A study of the relation of content of the several elements to the geographic provenance shows significant variation with provenance for all these elements, except tin and lanthanum. On the basis of these variations and on patterns of consistency, five comagmatic provinces, one of which is divided into three sub-provinces, have been delimited, in part, on a map of the western United States. The patter of distribution of boron is significantly different from that of the other elements. The regional difference are perhaps best explained by structural control of the effectiveness of vertical transport.

Trace Elements Investigations↗
USGS1953

Physical exploration for uranium during 1951 in the Silver Reef district, Washington County, Utah

During 1951 a joint exploration program of the most promising uraniferous areas in the Silver Reef district was made by the U.S. Geological Survey and the u.S. Atomic Energy Commission. A U.S. Bureau of Mines drill crew, on contract to the Atomic Energy Commission, did 2,450 feet of diamond drilling under the geological supervision of the U.S. Geological Survey. The purpose of the drilling was to delineate broadly the favorable ground for commercial development of the uranium depostis. Ten drill holes were located around Pumpkin Point, which is the northeastern end of Buckeye Reef, to probe for extensions of small ore shootsmined on the Point in fine-grained sandstones of the Chinle formation. Three additional holes were located around teh Tecumseh Hill to prbe for extensions of the small showings of uranium-bearing rocks of Buckeye Reef.

Utah↗
USGS1953

Reconnaissance for uranium in the southeastern states, 1953

During the last quarter of 1952 and most of 1953 the U.S. Geological Survey carried on a program of reconnaissance for radioactive material in the southeastern states on behalf to the Atomic Energy Commission. In the course of the study 111 localities were examined and 43 samples were taken for radioactivity measurements at the Survey's Trace Elements laboratory in Denver, Colo. No economic deposits of uranium were found as a result of this work, but weak radioactivity was noted at the Tungsten Mining Coperation property near Townsville, N. C.; the Comolli granite quarry near Elberton, Ga.; in the Beech and Cranberry granite near Roan Mountain, Tenn.; and in several shales in the Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau provinces. Devonian through Pennsylvanian rocks in these two provinces probably constitute the most favorable ground for new discoveries of uranium in the Southeast.

Alabama;Florida;Georgia;Kentucky;Mississippi;North↗