Floods in Garden Prairie quadrangle, northeastern Illinois
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Effective improvement of economic and social conditions of Indians living on Crow Creek and Lower Brule Reservations has been hampered by lack of adequate and reliable information about the quantity and quality of water supplies available for development. Compounding the problem, and making especially pressing the need for discovery and development of new water supplies, is the recent filling of Fort Randall and Big Bend Reservoirs on the Missouri River, and the consequent relocation of may residents. Much of the best land and known water supplies are inundated beneath the reservoirs. This report summarized the results of a water-resources study made at the request of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs.
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The Rum River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, drains an elongate area of about 1,550 square miles. The source of the Rum River is Mille Lacs Lake. Much of the northern half of the watershed is forested, and there are large areas of swampland. Population is most concentrated in the southern half, where agriculture is the dominant economic activity. Except for scattered Precambrian igneous rock outcrops in the central third of the watershed, bedrock is covered by glacial drift. In the southern third, the drift includes considerable amounts of outwash and is directly underlain by Cambrian and Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Greatest topographic relief is in morainal areas around Mille Lacs Lake. The central third of the watershed slopes gradually southward, grading into the relatively flat area of surficial outwash.
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Rapid City, the second largest city in South Dakota, is located at the eastern edge of the Black Hills about 9 miles downstream from Pactola Dam. It is bisected laterally by Rapid Creek, and longitudinally by the eastern flank of the Black Hills. Canyon Lake, a samll recreation reservior having a surface area of 35 to 40 acres, is located near the west city limits on Rapid Creek. The floods of June 9-10, 1972, covered a relatively small area of the eastern hills, extending from Sturgis on the north to Hermosa on the south and the west to Pactola Dam. THe area is mountainous with very steep heavily wooded slopes. Channels are shallow and generally are confined in narrow, winding canyons.
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According to records of the National Weather Service (formerly the U.S. Weather Bureau) for a station near Syracuse, the average annual precipitation in Hamilton County is about 16 inches. Of this amount, 83 percent occurs during the growing season (March 15 to October 15). A part of the precipitation runs off as surface flow, part is evaporated, part is used by vegetation, and a small part percolates downward to recharge the ground-water reservoir. The average recharge from precipitation for Hamilton County is estimated to be 0.1 inch per year. Owing to the limited supply of water in most of the upland area of the county, dryland farming and grazing are the predominant land uses.