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USGS1995

National Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division fiscal year 1994

This report provides current information about the National Research Program (NRP) of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD) during fiscal year 1994. Organized by NRP's six research disciplines ecology, geomorphology and sediment transport, ground-water chemistry, ground-water hydrology, surface-water chemistry, and surface-water hydrology the volume contains a summary of the problem, objective, approach, and progress for each project that was active during fiscal year 1994. It also contains bibliographic information that, because of the long-term nature of the program, covers a 5-year period.

Open-File Report↗

USGS2004

Availability Of Ground-Water Data For California, Water Year 2003

The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the groundwater resources of California each water year (October 1?September 30). These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. Beginning with the 1985 water year and continuing through 1993, these data were published in a report series entitled ?Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data.? Prior to the introduction of this series, historical ground-water information was published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.

Fact Sheet↗

USGS1976

Selected hydrologic data, Chester County, Pennsylvania

This report presents selected hydrologic data collected during a study of the ground-water resources of Chester County, Pennsylvania. The study was made during 1973-76 by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority. This report is intended to make the data conveniently available and to supplement an interpretive report that will be published separately.

Pennsylvania↗

USGS1996

Flow duration and low flows of Tennessee streams through 1992

Estimates of flow-duration and low-flow characteristics for the period of record at continuous-record streamflow stations are essential in hydrologic studies and water-resources management. This report provides flow-duration information, in the form of characteristics of the cumulative distribution function of the daily streamflow record, for 215 continuous-record streamflow stations. The report also provides estimates of low flow for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 20 years for continuous-record streamflow stations. These estimates were used in correlation methods to estimate low flow at 1,216 partial-record streamflow stations and miscellaneous sites for 1,3, and 7 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 10 years; and 3 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 20 years.

Tennessee↗

USGS1973

Hydrologic reconnaissance of Pilot Valley, Utah and Nevada

This report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, is the twelfth in a series of reports that describe the water resources of the western basins of Utah. (See fig. 1.) Its purpose is to present available hydrologic data on the Pilot Valley area, to provide an evaluation of the potential for water-resource development in the area, and to identify studies that would improve understanding of the area's water supply.

Nevada, Utah↗

USGS1960

Factual data for public-supply wells and selected irrigation wells in Monmouth County, New Jersey

The investigation of the ground-water resources of Monmouth County is part of a Statewide water-resources program. This study was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the new Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply. It was under the general direction of Philip E. LaMoreaux, Chief of the Ground Water Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey, and under the direct supervision of Allen Sinnott, District Geologist. This report presents data for most of the public-supply wells and for several irrigation wells in Monmouth County. The data for these wells are believed to be representative of large-capacity wells tapping the major aquifers present in the county. The information is released at this time in advance of an interpretive report because of its value to prospective users of ground water in Monmouth County. An earlier report presented data on small-capacity wells tapping both major and minor aquifers in the county. The data in these two reports form, in part, the basis for a comprehensive interpretive report on the ground-water resources of Monmouth County, now in preparation. Also to be included in the latter report are data for certain large-capacity industrial wells.

New Jersey↗

USGS1985

Estimation of flood peaks from channel characteristics in Ohio

Regression equations were developed to estimate flood peaks with selected recurrence intervals of 2 to 100 years for Ohio streams with alluvial and bedrock channels. CHannel-geometry characteristics, rather than basin characteristics, were used as independent variables. Width of active channel was the only channel-geometry characteristic significant at the 5-percent level in the estimating equations for alluvial channels. Standard errors of estimate for those equations range for the 100-year flood peak. The equations were developed from data collected at 142 gaging stations that have active-channel widths ranging from 2 to 495 feet. For streams with bedrock or firm channels, depth of the bankfull channel and active-channel width were statistically significant characteristics at the 5-percent level for all but the 2-year recurrence interval flood-peak equation, for which only active-channel width was statistically significant. Standard errors of estimate range from 33 percent for the 5-year flood peak to 40 percent for the 100-year flood peak when both significant variables are included in the equations. Standard errors of estimate range from 36 percent to 46 percent when only the active-channel width independent variable is used. These equations are based on channel-geometry data collected at 20 gaging stations that have active-channel widths ranging from 14 to 240 feet and average bankfull-channel depths ranging from 2.5 to 9.2 feet. Channel-geometry characteristics also were measured at 168 ungaged sites to provide information that can be used to better define the geographic-area boundaries in three areas of Ohio where the boundaries were previously defined in a flood magnitude and frequency report.

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗

USGS1996

Results of ground-water tracer tests using tritiated water at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee

Ground-water tracer tests were conducted at two sites in the radioactive-waste disposal area of Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 1977 to 1982. The purpose of the tests was to determine if the regolith beds had weathered sufficiently to permit the substantial flow of water across them. Regolith of the sites has developed on the Pumpkin Valley Shale and the Nolichucky Shale of the Conasauga Group, both of Cambrian age. About 50 curies of tritium dissolved in water were used as the tracer at one site, and about 100 curies at the other. Distances from the injection wells to a semi-circle of observation wells were 12 and 30 feet, respectively. Results demonstrated that ground water is able to flow through joints in the weathered bedding and that the direction of the water-table gradient is the primary factor governing flow direction. Nevertheless, the substantial lateral spread of the plume as it developed showed that bedding-plane openings, important in controlling flow in the deeper rock, can still exert a significant secondary influence on flow direction in the weathered rock. About 3,500 water samples from the injection and observation wells were analyzed for tritium during the test period. Concentrations detected spanned 11 orders of magnitude. Measurable concentrations were still present in the two injection wells and most observation wells 5 years after the tracer was introduced. Matrix diffusion may have played a significant role in these tests. The process would account for the sustained concentrations of tritium at many of the observation wells, the long-term residual concentrations at the injection and observation wells, and the apparent slow movement of the centers of mass across the two well fields. The process also would have implications regarding aquifer remediation. Other tracer tests have been conducted in the regolith of the Conasauga Group. Results differ from the results described in this report.

Tennessee↗

USGS2003

Ground-Water Resources in the Black Hills Area, South Dakota

The availability of ground-water resources in the Black Hills area is influenced by many factors including location, local recharge and ground-water flow conditions, and structural features. Thus, the availability of ground water can be extremely variable throughout the Black Hills area, and even when water is available, it may not be suitable for various uses depending on the water quality. The major bedrock aquifers in the Black Hills area are the Deadwood, Madison, Minnelusa, Minnekahta, and Inyan Kara aquifers. Minor bedrock aquifers occur in other hydrogeologic units, including confining units, due to fracturing and interbedded permeable layers. Various information and maps are presented in this report that describe availability and quality of ground-water resources in the Black Hills area. However, there is no guarantee of obtaining usable water at any location due to the extreme potential variability in conditions that can affect the availability and quality of ground water in the area. Maps presented in this report include the distribution of hydrogeologic units; depth to the top of the five formations that contain major aquifers; thickness of the five formations that contain major aquifers; potentiometric maps for the five major aquifers; saturated thickness of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers; water temperature in the Madison aquifer; specific conductance in the Madison, Minnelusa, and Inyan Kara aquifers; hardness in the Inyan Kara aquifer; sulfate concentrations in the Minnelusa aquifer; and radon concentrations in the Deadwood aquifer. Water quality of the major aquifers generally is very good in and near outcrop areas but deteriorates progressively with distance from the outcrops. In the Minnelusa aquifer, an abrupt increase in concentrations of dissolved sulfate occurs downgradient from outcrop areas, where a zone of active anhydrite dissolution occurs. Most limitations for the use of ground water are related to aesthetic qualities associated with hardness and high concentrations of chloride, sulfate, sodium, manganese, and iron. Very few health-related limitations exist for ground water; most limitations are for radionuclides, such as radon and uranium. In addition, high concentrations of arsenic have been measured in a few samples from the Minnelusa aquifer.

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗

USGS2005

Water resources data, Colorado, water year 2004

Water-resources data for Colorado for the 2004 water year (WY) in this report consist of records of stage and discharge of streams; and stage and contents of one reservoir. This report contains discharge records for 312 gaging stations, stage and contents of 1 lake and reservoir, discharge measurements for 1 partial-record low-flow station and 1 miscellaneous site, and peak-flow information for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations. Three pertinent stations operated by bordering states, and 34 stations operated by the Colorado Division of Water Resources are included in this report. All records (except as just noted) were collected and computed by the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J.E. Kircher, Director, USGS Colorado Water Science Center. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.

Water Data Report↗

USGS1985

Compilation of water resources development and hydrologic data of Saipan, Mariana Islands

Saipan is the largest island of the Northern Mariana Islands, a chain of 14 islands north of Guam. Saipan comprises one third of the land area of the islands. No long-term rainfall record is available at any location, but some rainfall records are for periods up to 16 years, some of which began in 1901. Average annual rainfall for the island is 81 inches, with the southern end receiving about 10 inches less annually than the rest of the island. The amount of rainfall which runs off in northeast Saipan ranges from 23 to 64 percent and averages about 40 percent. Runoff on the rest of the island is from springs or occurs only during heavy rainfall. Surface-water development appears impractical. Ground water is the main source of water for the island and production was almost 4 million gallons per day in 1982. However, chloride concentration in ground water exceeds 1,000 milligrams per liter in many locations. The average chloride concentration of the domestic water stays near the maximum permissible level (600 milligrams per liter). This report summarizes the history of the water-resources development and presents all available hydrologic data, including rainfall records since 1901, streamflow records since 1968, and drilling logs, pumping tests, chemical analyses, and production figures from 180 testholes and wells drilled on Saipan. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗

USGS1971

Hydrogeologic data for the Upper Connecticut River Basin, Connecticut

This report contains geologic, ground-water, and quality-of-water data collected and compiled for a water resources investigation of the upper Connecticut River basin, Connecticut by the U.S. Geological Survey in financial cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. These data, together with surface-water data, were collected at sites shown on plate A and are, with exceptions discussed below, presented herein. The interpretation of these data will be published separately in Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin No. 24. As defined for this investigation, the upper Connecticut River basin is a 508-square-mile area in north-central Connecticut (see front cover and plate A) drained by the Connecticut River and its tributaries including the Farmington River downstream from the community of Tariffville. The basin includes all or parts of the following 30 towns: Avon, Bloomfield, Bolton, Cromwell, East Granby, East Hampton, East Hartford, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Hartford, Manchester, New Brltain, Newington, Plainville, Portland, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Somers, South Windsor, Stafford, Suffield, Tolland, Vernon, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks. The data compiled for this investigation consist of those collected specifically for the study during the period July 1967 - December 1969 and those collected during previous investigations. Many records of wells and test holes in thus report were published in Connecticut Water Resources Bulletin No. 4. This report is out of print, therefore these previously published records, together with newer ones, are published in this report to provide a readily available source of ground-water information. Previously published well numbers have been retained and are those published in this report. However, test holes previously published as wells have been assigned test-hole numbers; the former well number Is noted in table 3.

Connecticut↗

USGS1984

History of the State Water Resources Research Institute Program

The State Water Resources Research Institute Program, established in 1964, consists of 54 Water Resources Research Institutes located at land-grant universities in each of the 50 states and Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. The program evolved from the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, as amended, the Water Research and Development Act of 1978, Public Law 94-457, and the Water Research and Development Act of 1984. These laws authorize the following components of the Institute Program: (1) the annual allotment and matching grants program for the institutes and (2) the additional and saline water research programs for organizations in addition to the State Water Resources Research Institutes. This report summarizes the legislative history, budget history, research program development, and program accomplishments. The State Water Resources Research Program has been administered to by the Office of Water Resources Research (OWRR) (1964-1974), the Office of Water Research and Technology (OWRT) (1974-1982), the Office of Water Policy (OWP) (1982-1983) , and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (1983-present). (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1997

Water-quality trends for streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1983-95

Water-quality and streamflow monitoring data, collected from 1983 to 1995, were analyzed for 34 stream and reservoir sites in a seven-county region within the upper Neuse and upper Cape Fear River Basins. Early data (1983-88) were compiled from U.S. Geological Survey water-quality studies and from the ambient water-quality monitoring network of the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Analyses of major ions, nutrients, metals, trace elements, and synthetic organic compounds were compiled from samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1988 to 1995 as part of a continuing project to monitor the water quality of surface-water supplies in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, and from the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources ambient water-quality monitoring network. This report presents the results of analysis of consistently increasing or decreasing trends in concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus species, suspended sediment, suspended solids, sodium, chloride, iron, manganese, zinc, and chlorophyll a from seasonal Kendall trend analysis on flow-adjusted concentrations for streams and concentrations in lakes. Total phosphorus concentrations also were tested for a step decrease in concentration (step trend) associated with the North Carolina phosphate-detergent ban of 1988. For some other constituents, insufficient data or values below laboratory detection limits precluded trend analysis. A regionwide decrease in total phosphorus, ranging from 25 to 81 percent, was observed that coincided with increased phosphorus removal efforts at municipal wastewater-treatment facilities in the region and the statewide phosphate-detergent ban. Most sites had stable or decreasing trends in nitrogen concentrations; however, increasing trends occurred in the Neuse River near Clayton and at Smithfield, both of which are downstream from the developing Raleigh-Durham area. Chlorophyll a concentrations have increased by 17 to 52 percent per year at monitored reservoirs, except at Cane Creek Reservoir and Lake Michie where there was no trend. No significant trends in suspended-sediment concentrations were observed. Long-term sodium concentrations were available for only a few sites. Of these, decreasing concentrations were observed in the Neuse River at Smithfield and Cane Creek near Orange Grove, and an increasing concentration was observed in University Lake. At most sites, concentrations of manganese, iron, and zinc were stable. Decreasing iron trends were observed in Little River and Cane Creek Reservoirs and Lake Michie. Cane Creek Reservoir also had a decreasing manganese trend. Seven sites, all downstream from wastewater-treatment facilities, were analyzed for zinc trends. A decreasing trend was observed in two of these--Knap of Reeds Creek and Little Lick Creek.

North Carolina↗

USGS1978

Water resources of the Cordova area, Alaska

This report is a compilation of ground-water, surface-water, and water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division on Eyak Lake and Power Creek, near Cordova, and wells in and near Cordova, Alaska. Many of these data were collected as part of a cooperative program with the city of Cordova. The purpose of this report is to present the data in a concise format for interested parties. Cordova is on the southeast shore of Orca Inlet in Prince William Sound (lat 60°33' N.; long 145°45' W.) at an altitude of approximately 90 feet (fig. 7). The limited development has occurred along the north shore of the west arm of Eyak Lake. The current population of Cordova is about 1,800. Commercial fishing and fish processing form the economic base for the community.

Alaska↗

USGS1985

Water Resources Division in the 1980's : a summary of activities and programs of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division

The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey has the principal responsibility within the Federal government for providing hydrologic information and appraising the Nation's water resounds. The Geological Survey is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority--its sole product is information that is made available equally to all interested parties. This report describes the Water Resources Division's mission, organization, source of funds, and major programs. Three types of programs are described: long-term programs, which include the Federal-State cooperative program, coordination of Federal water-data acquisition, assistance to other Federal agencies, the national research program, the national water-data exchange, the water resources scientific information center, the national water-use information program, hydrologic-data collection, and international hydrology activities; topical programs, which include hazardous waste hydrology, coal and oil-shale hydrology, regional aquifer system analyses, acid rain, volcano hazards, and national water-resources conditions; and technical-assistance programs. Emphasis is on programs that will contribute to identifying, mitigating, or solving nationwide water-resources problems in the 1980's. A discussion of how the data and information axe disseminated and a selected list of references complete the report.

Circular↗

USGS1983

Water Resources Division in the 1980's

Circular↗

USGS1986

Kansas ground-water observation-well network, 1985

Water level measurements are made in 1,892 selected wells in 73 counties, which currently (1985) comprise the Kansas groundwater observation-well network. These measurements are made on a continuous, monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. Water level measurements have been made in observation wells since 1937 as part of a cooperative program among the Kansas Geological Survey , the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, the city of Wichita, and the U.S. Geological Survey. The objectives of the observation-well cooperative program are: (1) to provide long-term records of water level fluctuations in representative wells, (2) to facilitate the determination of possible water level trends that may indicate future availability of groundwater supplies, (3) to aid in the determination of possible changes in the base flow of streams, and (4) to provide information for use in water-resources research. This report lists for each well in the network the location, the first year of recorded water level measurement, the frequency and number of measurements, the land-surface altitude, hexagon-grid identifiers for wells in the High Plains aquifer, and the principal geologic unit(s) in which the well is completed. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗