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Search indexed USGS publications on groundwater, aquifers, geologic maps, mineral resources and earthquakes. Explore source records by subject and place.

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
USGS1985

An approach for appraising the accuracy of suspended-sediment data

Procedures are presented for appraising the accuracy of suspended-sediment data. Types of errors involved are sampling error, spatial error, temporal error, and sediment-discharge error. The standard error of estimate is used to represent errors. Suspended-sediment data for 17 U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations in Arizona, California, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, and Washington are used in applications of the procedures. For the study sites, the magnitudes of the different types of error apparently vary directly with percentage of sediment-water mixture that is sand; when the percentage sand is relatively high, magnitudes of the different types of error have a relatively wide range. For seven sites of the Sacramento River , Calif., and its tributaries, the standard sampling error apparently can range from 2.5 percent when percentage sand is relatively low to 20 percent when percentage sand is relatively high. For 16 sites in Arizona, California, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania, the coefficient of variation for concentrations of suspended sediment across streams apparently can range from 2.5 percent (low percentage sand) to 70 percent (high percentage sand). (USGS)

Professional Paper↗
USGS1999

Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1998. Volume 3. Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins

Water resources data for the 1998 water year for Pennsylvania consists of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 3, includes records from the Ohio and St. Lawrence River Basins. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 62 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations and 18 partial-record and miscellaneous streamflow stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 11 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 10 streamflow-gaging stations; and (4) water-level records for 15 network observations wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 2, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Municipal, Local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1997

Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1996. Volume 3. Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins

Water resources data for the 1996 water year for Pennsylvania consists of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 3, includes records from the Ohio and St. Lawrence River Basins. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 66 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations and 10 partial-record and miscellaneous streamflow stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 3 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 2 streamflow gaging stations and 18 partial-record stations; and (4) water-level records for 15 network observation wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellanious measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 2, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Municipal, Local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1997

Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1997. Volume 3. Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins

Water resources data for the 1997 water year for Pennsylvania consists of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. This report, Volume 3, includes records from the Ohio and St. Lawrence River Basins. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 63 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations and 18 partial-record and miscellaneous streamflow stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 11 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 10 streamflow-gaging stations and 18 partial-record stations; and (4) water-level records for 15 network observation wells. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data, together with the data in Volume 1 and 2, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Municipal, Local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1999

Comparison of methods for computing streamflow statistics for Pennsylvania streams

Methods for computing streamflow statistics intended for use on ungaged locations on Pennsylvania streams are presented and compared to frequency distributions of gaged streamflow data. The streamflow statistics used in the comparisons include the 7-day 10-year low flow, 50-year flood flow, and the 100-year flood flow; additional statistics are presented. Streamflow statistics for gaged locations on streams in Pennsylvania were computed using three methods for the comparisons: 1) Log-Pearson type III frequency distribution (Log-Pearson) of continuous-record streamflow data, 2) regional regression equations developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1982 (WRI 82-21), and 3) regional regression equations developed by the Pennsylvania State University in 1981 (PSU-IV). Log-Pearson distribution was considered the reference method for evaluation of the regional regression equations. Low-flow statistics were computed using the Log-Pearson distribution and WRI 82-21, whereas flood-flow statistics were computed using all three methods. The urban adjustment for PSU-IV was modified from the recommended computation to exclude Philadelphia and the surrounding areas (region 1) from the adjustment. Adjustments for storage area for PSU-IV were also slightly modified. A comparison of the 7-day 10-year low flow computed from Log-Pearson distribution and WRI-82- 21 showed that the methods produced significantly different values for about 7 percent of the state. The same methods produced 50-year and 100-year flood flows that were significantly different for about 24 percent of the state. Flood-flow statistics computed using Log-Pearson distribution and PSU-IV were not significantly different in any regions of the state. These findings are based on a statistical comparison using the t-test on signed ranks and graphical methods.

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS2015

Surface geophysics and porewater evaluation at the Lower Darby Creek Area Superfund Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2013

In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 3, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is participating in an ongoing study to aid in the identification of subsurface heterogeneities that may act as preferential pathways for contaminant transport in and around the Lower Darby Creek Area (LDCA) Superfund Site, Philadelphia Pa. Lower Darby Creek, which flows into the Delaware River, borders the western part of the former landfill site. In 2013, the USGS conducted surface geophysics measurements and stream porewater sampling to provide additional data for EPA’s site characterization. This report contains data collected from field measurements of direct current (DC) resistivity, frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys, and stream porewater specific conductance (SC).

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1996

Borehole geophysical logging for water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania

Borehole geophysical logging is a procedure to collect and transmit specific information about the geologic formations penetrated by a well by raising and lowering a set of probes or sondes that contain water-tight instruments in the well. The data collected can be used to determine general formation geology, fracture distribution, vertical borehole flow, and water-yielding capabilities.

Pennsylvania↗
USGS1997

Water-quality assessment of the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: Design and implementation of water-quality studies, 1992-95

From 1992 through 1995, nearly 1,200 water-quality samples from about 500 sites were collected, processed, and analyzed for the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Sites were selected and samples were collected for 28 integrated water-quality studies designed to provide a comprehensive and nationally consistent description of current water-quality conditions, to begin to identify trends in water quality, and to determine the major factors that affect observed water quality. To achieve this, stream-water, ground-water, streambed-sediment, and biota samples were collected, and habitat assessments were conducted at selected data-collection sites. This report discusses the water-quality study design, site-selection strategy, and implementation steps used to obtain water-quality and related data. Methods employed to collect, process, and analyze samples, characterize sites, and assess habitat are described. A comprehensive list of all sites employed in these studies and their characteristics is provided. Sample analyses conducted for the water-quality studies described in this report, including nutrients, pesticides, major ions, volatile organic compounds (VOC's), and trace elements, as well as measured or observed physical properties and habitat characteristics, also are listed.

Maryland, Pennsylvania↗
USGS2014

Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian basin from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia

This chapter is a re-release of U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1839-K, of the same title, by Ryder and others (1992; online version 2.0 revised and digitized by Robert D. Crangle, Jr., 2003). It consists of one file of the report text as it appeared in USGS Bulletin 1839-K and a second file containing the cross section, figures 1 and 2, and tables 1 and 2 on one oversized sheet; the second file was digitized in 2003 as version 2.0 and also includes the gamma-ray well log traces.

Appalachian basin↗