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USGS2026

System characterization report on Tanager

Executive Summary This report addresses the system characterization of the Tanager satellite hyperspectral sensor created by Planet Labs PBC and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the Tanager hyperspectral sensor; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions. This report summarizes the sensor performance of the Tanager based on the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization process. In summary, we determined that the Tanager exhibits a band- to- band geometric error ranging from −0.074 to 0.097 pixel. Compared to the Landsat Operational Land Imager, geometric offsets ranged from −5.980 meters (−0.20 pixel) to 11.348 meters (0.40 pixel). Radiometric comparisons showed offsets between −0.004 and 0.056 with slopes from 0.830 to 1.066. Spectral shifts are found between 0.65 and 0.75 nanometers. Finally, spatial performance evaluation yielded a point spread function full width at half maximum of 1.27 to 1.75 pixels, a relative edge response of 0.802 to 0.651, and a modulation transfer function at Nyquist of 0.488 to 0.253.

Open-File Report↗

USGS2024

ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 1, 2024

Executive Summary The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level. This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 1 (January–March), 2024. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov . This quarterly report is the third to include analysis results for Landsat 9, which was launched in September 2021. The inclusion of Landsat 9 analysis results was dependent on two factors: a complete reprocessing of the Landsat 9 data archive and enough time elapsing to begin formulating lifetime trends. In April 2023, all Landsat 9 image data acquired since the satellite’s launch were reprocessed to take advantage of calibration updates identified by the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team. Additional information about the Landsat 9 reprocessing effort is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/upcoming-reprocessing-all-landsat-9-data . Additional information about Landsat 9 prelaunch, commissioning, and early on-orbit imaging performance is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special_issues/15B4V2K92K . This quarterly report is the first to not include analysis results for Landsat 7 because Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imaging was suspended on January 19, 2024, after the satellite transitioned into full sunlight. The satellite has been drifting since early 2022 after being lowered from the nominal orbit altitude, and the transition into full sunlight is a result of the satellite operating in its extended science mission. Additional information about the imaging suspension is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-7-imaging-suspended . Additional information about the Landsat 7 extended science mission is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-7-extended-science-mission .

Open-File Report↗

USGS2024

ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 2, 2024

Executive Summary The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level. This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 2 (April–June) of 2024. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov . This is the fourth quarterly report to include analysis results for Landsat 9, which was launched in September 2021. The inclusion of Landsat 9 analysis results was dependent on two factors: a complete reprocessing of the Landsat 9 data archive and enough time elapsing to begin formulating lifetime trends. In April 2023, all Landsat 9 image data acquired since the satellite’s launch were reprocessed to take advantage of calibration updates identified by the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team. Additional information about the Landsat 9 reprocessing effort is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/upcoming-reprocessing-all-landsat-9-data . Additional information about Landsat 9 prelaunch, commissioning, and early on-orbit imaging performance is available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/remotesensing/special_issues/15B4V2K92K . This is the second quarterly report that does not include analysis results for Landsat 7 because Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imaging was suspended on January 19, 2024, after the satellite transitioned into full sunlight. The satellite has been drifting since early 2022 when it was lowered from the nominal orbit altitude, and the transition into full sunlight is a result of the satellite operating in its extended science mission. Additional information about the imaging suspension is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-7-imaging-suspended . Additional information about the Landsat 7 extended science mission is available at https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-7-extended-science-mission .

Open-File Report↗

USGS1952

Preliminary report on the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey, July-August, 1951

In order to understand the results of the Passamaquoddy bedrock survey and the details of the method of obtaining them, it is desirable to have, in outline, a general idea of the methods and their application. In this part of the report a general account of the operation will be developed. The details will be found in subsequent parts of the report. At this point a statement of the general objective and some mention of the plans for reaching it are in order. The purpose of the Passamaquoddy survey was to determine the submarine geology in certain areas of Passamaquoddy and Cobscook Bays--the sea-bottom topography, the bedrock topography, the thickness of sediment overlying the bedrock beneath the sea, and the type of sediment. The information is needed for the planning of major engineering structures that may be built in the area. It developed in planning the study that detailed surveys could be limited to several areas where dams may be located. To determine bottom or bedrock topography, elevations of each were determined by sonic methods at a number of closely spaced locations (about 400 feet apart), evenly distributed on range lines 1,000 or 800 feet apart, in each of eight areas. Contour lines were then drawn to produce the desired topographic maps. Sonic soundings are necessarily referred to the existing water surface. To ascertain specific elevations in an area of large tidal variations is a complex problem. The details are discussed in the section on Vertical Control by Charles E. Knox (part 8). The basic datum is mean low water as determined by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Equally important is the accurate positioning horizontally of each sounding location or fix. All such positioning was by the use of the standard three point fix procedure, using sextants. A net of shore points tied to the first-order control net of the Coast and Geodetic Survey was set up for this purpose, and all positions were thus accurately located. These problems are discussed in a section on Horizontal Control by Norman Duckworth (part 7). The general planning was done in conferences held in May 1951 at the Boston office of the Corps of Engineers, and in Eastport, Maine, after a brief reconnaissance of the area. A detailed account of the conferences is given in a memorandum by Herman J. Kropper of the New England Division, Corps of Engineers, reproduced in this report as part 4. Detailed survey procedures were developed on May 18, 1951, at a conference attended by P. J. A. Scott and Norman Duckworth of the Corps of Engineers and W. O. Smith of the Geological Survey. In order to make the necessary geophysical interpretation of the sound records, adequate geologic control had to be established. A preliminary field study of the geology was made by G. G. Parker of the Geological Survey during the period May 15-17, 1951. Subsequently Dr. T. E. Upson of the Geological Survey made the detailed geologic study required for the project. Two sonar units were used for the survey. One was a low-frequency high-power sonar unit developed by the Edo Corp. to meet specifications established by the Geological Survey. It was used to collect the bulk of the bedrock and bottom data. The other, of higher frequency and lower power, was manufactured by Bludworth Marine, Inc., end was required for adequate determination of water depths in shoal areas. The Edo equipment is described by Dr. Charles E. Mongan, Jr., in part 6 of this report.

Maine↗

USGS1963

Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, August 25, 1961 - August 24, 1962

This report, which covers the period August 25, 1961 to August 24, 1962, is the third of a series describing the program of research conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The major long-range objectives of the program are to determine and map the stratigraphy and structure of the Moon's crust, to work out from these the sequence of events that led to the present condition of the Moon's surface, and to determine the processes by which these events took place. This report is presented in four parts with a separate summary. Part A: Lunar and planetary investigations (with map supplement). Geologic mapping of the Moon involves discrimination of the different materials exposed on the lunar surface and their assignment to geologic units, the determination of the photometric characteristics of these materials, delineation of the boundaries of the units and determination of their stratigraphic sequence. Part B: Crater investigations. These include field studies of terrestrial craters, hypervelocity impact experiments with rocks and other materials, studies of the behavior of rocks under high shock loads, and experimental and field studies of shock metamorphism in rocks. Part C: Cosmochemistry and petrography. Studies are being made of the chemical, petrographic, and physical properties of materials of extraterrestrial origin and of certain materials associated with terrestrial impact structures. The studies reported in Part C are concerned with tektites, terrestrial impactites, metallic spherules formed by the Meteor Crater impact event, and particles of possible cosmic origin. Part D: Studies for space flight program. These studies are undertaken to aid in the design of space flight experiments and the planning of space missions. The report that makes up Part D is an evaluation of the lunar flux of secondary particles derived from primary impact events on the lunar surface.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1965

An appraisal of the ground-water resources of the lower Susquehanna River basin (An interim report)

This report describes the availability, quantity, quality, variability, and cost of development of the ground-water resources in the lower Susquehanna River basin. The report has been prepared for and under specifications established by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, and the Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. A comprehensive study of the water and related land resources of the Susquehanna River basin was authorized by the Congress of the United States in October 1961, and the task of preparing a report and of coordinating the work being done by others in support of the study was assigned to the Corps of Engineers. The comprehensive study is being conducted by several Federal departments and independent agencies in cooperation with the States of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The Public Health Service under its authority in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P. L. 660) initiated a comprehensive water quality control program for the Chesapeake drainage basin, which includes the Susquehanna River basin. This report is intended to serve the specific needs for ground-water information of both the Corps of Engineers and the Public Health Service, as well as those of the other participating Federal and State agencies.

Pennsylvania↗

USGS1970

Bibliography of reports resulting from U.S. Geological Survey participation in the United States Technical Assistance Program: Supplement for 1968-1969

U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1263, by Jo Ann Heath and Nancy B. Tabacchi lists the reports that resulted from a wide variety of geologic and hydrologic investigations, .and institutional development programs undertaken by the U. S. Geological Survey and counterpart agencies in 51 foreign countries from 1940-67. This supplementary list, for the years 1968 and 1969, includes geologic and earth-science reports of investigations in 17 countries: Reports on hydrology are not included. Only reports written by U. S. Geological Survey personnel or in collaboration with their local counterparts are included.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1972

Office of International Geology reports resulting from U.S. Geological Survey participation in the United States Technical Assistance Program bibliographic supplement for 1968-1971

U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1263, by Jo Ann Heath and Nancy B. Tabacchi, lists the reports that resulted from a wide variety of geologic and hydrologic investigations, and institutional development programs undertaken by the U. S. Geological Survey and counterpart agencies during the period 1940 to 1967. This supplementary list, for 1968-1971, includes geologic and earth-science reports of investigations in 33 countries, as well as several having regional significance. Only reports written solely by U. S. Geological Survey personnel or in collaboration with their local counterparts are included. The reports are listed alphabetically by author for each country or region. Many of them have been released in limited edition in open files, and many have been published or are in press in host-country government agency journals, in the USGS, or in scientific journals.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1974

Geological Survey open-file reports of Alaska indexed by quadrangle

The Geological Survey places in open files reports and maps that are preliminary or ephemeral in nature, are of interest to a small audience only, or consist of masses of essentially raw data. These reports and maps are available to the public and may be consulted at various Geological Survey and state offices. Essentially complete files of reports and maps on Alaska are maintained at Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices in Anchorage, Alaska, San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, Denver, Colorado, and Spokane, Washington; at Geological Survey Libraries in Washington, D. C., Denver, Colorado, and Menlo Park, California; at Geological Survey Alaskan Geology Branch offices in College, Alaska, and Menlo Park, California; at Geological Survey Water Resources Division office in Juneau, Alaska; and at State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys offices in Anchorage, College, and Juneau, Alaska. Reproducible material from which copies of most of the reports and maps may be made at private expense are available in the Technical Data Unit, Alaskan Geology Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025.

Alaska↗

USGS1977

Atlantic Margin Coring Project 1976: Preliminary Report on Shipboard and Some Laboratory Geotechnical data

This report presents reduced shipboard geotechnical data collected during the 1976 Atlantic Margin Coring Project; results of laboratory tests of specific gravity, water content, bulk density, and Atterberg limits; and sedimentation-compression e log p curves showing consolidation. A description of the procedures used at sea and in the laboratory and a short preliminary summary of the shipboard results also is included. The involvement of Marine Geotechnical Laboratory (MGL), Lehigh University, personnel in the 1976 Atlantic Margin Coring Project can be divided into two phases. In Phase One, the Lehigh nuclear-transmission densitometer was rebuilt to process cores at sea more rapidly than previously had been done in the laboratory, the equipment was assembled and tested aboard the Glomar Conception, and at-sea geotechnical measurements were made during the duration of the cruise. Data sheets were prepared for both unopened core sections (Appendix III) and split-core samples (Appendix IV). Completed data forms are on file at the MGL and at the Geological Survey in Woods Hole. Phase Two included reduction of the shipboard data, testing of all geotechnical samples taken from cores split aboard the ship, and certain other analytical work ashore utilizing the geotechnical measurements. Water content and weight/volume bulk density tests were performed at the MGL. Specific gravity and Atterberg limit tests and certain calculations were performed by Geological Survey personnel at the Corpus Christi, Texas, laboratory. During Phase One, 37 unopened, 1.5-m-long core sections were selected by Lehigh personnel for subsequent static and dynamic triaxial and consolidation testing ashore. The disposition of these cores is controlled by Geological Survey Project personnel; they are not further discussed in this report. A depth convention has been adopted in this report for the convenience of labeling core sections and analyzing the data. Each 9.2-m-long (30 ft) core liner had a maximum penetration depth referenced to the water-sediment interface; these data are given in Hathaway, et al. (1976). Each 9.2-m-long core liner was cut into six or fewer sections, each 1.5 m (5 ft) in length, aboard the ship. To the maximum penetration depth, 0.2 m was subtracted to obtain the depth at the bottom of the first 1.5 m section above the core catcher. To obtain values at the bottom of the remaining 1.5 m sections, an additional 1.5 m was added for each section. The depth of the bottom of each core section was used for all values obtained using the nuclear densitometer. Tests within core sections and samples collected from core sections were assigned depths based on the location of the test or sample within the core section. It should be clearly recognized that all depths within a 9.2-m-long core are estimates of the true depth, which cannot be uniquely calculated because of the uncertainty of the relationship of sediment contained within the core liner to true in situ depths. This report is considered to be preliminary because the author has not had access to the final lithologic logs or paleontological results, upon which a more accurate description of geotechnical results could be based. It would be inappropriate to comment on geological hazards until this information is made available.

Atlantic Ocean↗

USGS1980

Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas activities in the mid-Atlantic and their onshore impacts: A summary report, November 1979: Update 1, June 30, 1980

The Master Water Data Index (MWDI) of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) is a computerized data base which contains information about water data collected at specific sites. The data base identifies the organization collecting the data, the site location, the major types of data collected, the period of collection, and the frequency of measurement of major parameters for each type of data. This manual contains instructions for the encoding and keypunching of information for entry into the MWDI. Updates are published approximately every 6 months to provide new and revised information. A new Summary Report will be published only if a significant event occurs in the Region. This update covers new drilling operations in the Lease Sale 40 and 49 areas, information on the status of the upcoming Lease Sale 59, and an update on studies relevant to OCS-related planning activities. The organization of the update parallels that of the first Mid-Atlantic Summary Report. A copy of the Summary Report (USGS Open-File Report 80-17) can be obtained from the OCSIP. The address is listed on the reverse side of the title page.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1982

Annotated report and data inventory for the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers, Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area

This inventory of reports and data concerning the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in the Twin Cities metropolitan area was compiled from November 1981 through January 1982 for a planned river-quality assessment to be conducted cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Metropolitan Waste Control Commission. There are 260 annotated citations: 176 citations of reports; 8 citations of computer models that have been used to model either or both rivers; and 76 citations of data in reports , in field notes, lab sheets, or handwritten tabulations, and in computer data bases. Citations of all the reports and data located that might conceivably be useful in understanding and interpreting the biological and chemical quality of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in the past, present, or future were included. The accuracy of the citations was not verified and secondary sources, such as other annotated bibliographies, were used in the compilation of this inventory.

Minnesota↗

USGS1983

Users guide for the Water Resources Division bibliographic retrieval and report generation system

The WRDBIB Retrieval and Report-generation system has been developed by applying Multitrieve (CSD 1980, Reston) software to bibliographic data files. The WRDBIB data base includes some 9 ,000 records containing bibliographic citations and descriptors of WRD reports released for publication during 1968-1982. The data base is resident in the Reston Multics computer and may be accessed by registered Multics users in the field. The WRDBIB Users Guide provides detailed procedures on how to run retrieval programs using WRDBIB library files, and how to prepare custom bibliographic reports and author indexes. Users may search the WRDBIB data base on the following variable fields as described in the Data Dictionary: Authors, organizational source, title, citation, publication year, descriptors, and the WRSIC (accession) number. The Users Guide provides ample examples of program runs illustrating various retrieval and report generation aspects. Appendices include Multics access and file manipulation procedures; a ' Glossary of Selected Terms'; and a complete ' Retrieval Session ' with step-by-step outlines. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1987

Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1986

The U.S. Geological Survey has released a listing of its report on water resources in Florida for the period 1886-1984. Most of the reports contained in the listing were prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with numerous public agencies in Florida. The compilation has a full bibliographic list of reports arranged alphabetically by senior author. In addition, the reports are indexed by geographic areas and by subject. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1989

Bibliography of Water-Resources Investigations reports published by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1971 through 1982

This report contains a cross-referenced listing of 971 Water-Resources Investigations reports (WRIR's) published by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1971 through 1982. The reports are listed by WRIR number. Most requests for WRIR 's generally are by WRIR number; however, the Survey 's annual catalog, ' Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey (year), ' indexes WRIR 's under the National Technical Information Service number, with the WRIR appearing only at the end of the citation within the index. Additionally, a few WRIR 's have been listed in the index without any reference to their WRIR number; and some WRIR 's appeared only in the discontinued Water Resources Investigations folder series. This report lists WRIR 's in sequential order to assist the readership in locating a particular publication. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1990

Bibliography of U.S. Geological Survey reports on the water resources of Florida, 1886-1989

The U.S. Geological Survey has released a listing of its reports on water resources in Florida for the period 1886-1989. Most of the reports contained in the listing were prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with numerous public agencies in Florida. The compilation has a full bibliographic list of reports arranged alphabetically by senior author. In addition, the reports are indexed by geographic areas and by subject. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗

USGS1993

Summary of reported agriculture and irrigation water use in Clay County, Arkansas, 1991

This report summarizes the 1991 water-use reporting through the Conservation District Office in Clay County, Arkansas. The number of withdrawal registrations for Clay County was 2,025 (1,965 groundwater and 60 surface water). Water withdrawals reported during the registration process total 2.07 Mgal/d (2.01 Mgal/d groundwater and 0.06 Mgal/d surface water) for agriculture and 164.50 Mgal/d (159.64 Mgal/d groundwater and 4.56 Mgal/d surface water) for irrigation. The registration reports for 1991 indicate that this water was applied to 94,399 acres of land to irrigate rice, corn, soybeans, milo, cotton, vegetables, and unknown crops as well as for the agricultural uses of animal aquaculture.

Open-File Report↗

USGS1993

Summary of reported agriculture and irrigation water use in Craighead County, Arkansas, 1991

This report summarizes the 1991 water-use reporting through the Conservation District Office in Craighead County, Arkansas. The number of withdrawal registrations for Craighead County was 2,384 (2,187 groundwater and 197 surface water). Water withdrawals reported during the registration process total 1.45 Mgal/d (0.50 Mgal/d groundwater and 0.95 Mgal/d surface water) for agriculture and 287.20 Mgal/d (261.52 Mgal/d groundwater and 25.68 Mgal/d surface water) for irrigation. The registration reports for 1991 indicate that this water was applied to 168,003 acres of land to irrigate rice, sorghum, corn, soybeans, milo, cotton, hay, vegetables, nuts, and sod as well as for the agricultural uses of animal aquaculture and sports clubs.

Open-File Report↗