Geologic map of the Bushkill quadrangle, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
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The Hommel quadrangle is in the southeas t highlands of the earthside hemisphere of the Moon. The major geologic units are smooth and ridged terra materials, plains-forming materials, and crater materials. Mare material is absent. In the absence of extensive stratigraphic datum horizons, the geologic units were tentatively correlated with type areas of the lunar geologic system (Shoemaker and Hackman, 1962; Wilhelms , 1970) by means of a graded sequence of crater morphologies.
The Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle (named Lake of the Pheonix by Schiaparelli, 1 877) includes some of the largest geologic features recognized on the terrestrial planets. Arsia and Pavonis Montes, (“South Spot” and “Middle Spot” of Mariner 9) rise 18 and 17 km, respectively, above the surrounding plateau to an elevation of about 27 km above the 6.1 millibar base level. These mountains and the two large volcanoes Ascraeus and Olympus Montes, located outside the quadrangle to the north, are also about 27 km in height , about three times as high as any volcano on Earth. The summit caldera of Arsia Mons. m ore than 100 km in diameter, is the largest known. Syria and Sinai Plana are part of t he highest plat eau on Mars, the Tharsis plateau; their relative elevation, 10 km , is twice that of the Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau on Earth . Noctis Labyrinthus , the great system of fault valleys at the we st end of Valles Marineris which is located o u tside the quadrangle to the east, displays a more clearly developed system of faults tha n the largest continental fault system on Earth, the East African rift valleys. The land slopes down to the northwest into Amazonis Planitia (fig. 1); the difference in elevation between the volcanic peaks and Amazonis low plains is greater than the relief form the top of the Andes to the bottom of the Peruvian trench. Th is great slope on Mars is similar to the continental shelf and slope that marks the transition bet ween the continents and ocean basin floors of the Ear th.
Summary -- The Chelan quadrangle hosts a wide variety of rocks and deposits and display a long geologic history ranging from possible Precambrian to Recent. Two major structures, the Leavenworth and Entiat faults divide cross the quadrangle from southeast to northwest and bound the Chiwaukum 'graben', a structural low preserving Tertiary sedimentary rocks between blocks of older, metamorphic and igneous rocks. Pre-Tertiary metamorphic rocks in the quadrangle are subdivided into five major tectonostratigraphic terranes: (1) the Ingalls terrane, equivalent to the Jurassic Ingalls Tectonic Complex of probable mantle and deep oceanic rocks origin, (2) the Nason terrane, composed of the Chiwaukum Schist and related gneiss, (3) the Swakane terrane, made up entirely of the Swakane Biotite Gneiss, a metamorphosed, possibly Precambrian, sedimentary and/or volcanic rock, (4) the Mad River terrane composed mostly of the rocks of the Napeequa River area (Napeequa Schist), a unit of oceanic protolith now considered part of the Chelan Mountains terrane (the Mad River terrane has been abandoned, 2001), and (5) the Chelan Mountains terrane, dominated by the Chelan Complex of Hopson and Mattinson (1971) which is composed of migmatite and gneissic to tonalite of deep-seated igneous and metamorphic origin.During an episode of Late Cretaceous regional metamorphism, all the terranes were intruded by deepseated tonalite to granodiorite plutons, including the Mount Stuart batholith, Ten Peak and Dirty Face plutons, and the Entiat pluton and massive granitoid rocks of the Chelan Complex. The Duncan Hill pluton intruded rocks of the Chelan Mountains terrane in the Middle Eocene. At about the same time fluvial arkosic sediment of the Chumstick Formation was deposited in a depression. The outpouring of basalt lavas to the southeast of the quadrangle during the Miocene built up the Columbia River Basalt Group. These now slightly warped lavas lapped onto the uplifted older rocks. Deformation, uplift, and erosion recorded in the rocks and deposits of the quadrangle continued into post-Miocene time. Quaternary deposits reflect advances of glaciers down the major valleys, a complicated history of catastrophic glacial floods down the Columbia River, the formation of lakes in the Columbia and Wenatchee river valleys by landslides and flood backwaters, and hillslope erosion by large and small landslides and debris flows.
The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine the mineral values, if any, that may be present. Results must be made available to the public and to be submitted to the President and Congress. This report presents the results of geologic studies in the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness Study Area in the Rio Grande and San Isabel National Forests, south-central Colorado. The area was designated as a wilderness study area under Public Lay 96-560 in 1980.
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