Earthquake magnitude and Lg Q variations between the Grenville and northern Appalachian geologic provinces of eastern Canada

Abstract

This article assesses the ability of regionally specific, frequency‐dependent crustal attenuation ( ⁠ 1 / Q "> 1 / Q ⁠ ) to reduce mean magnitude discrepancies between seismic stations in the northern Appalachian and Grenville provinces (NAP and GP) of Canada. Lg Q ( f ) "> Q ( f ) is an important parameter in ground‐motion models used in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Discrepancies in regional magnitude estimates have long been noted to exist between stations in the two provinces for common event origins. Such discrepancies could arise from systematic site condition variations between the geologic provinces or from varying crustal attenuative properties. To evaluate the effect of frequency‐dependent anelastic attenuation, Lg Q ( f ) "> Q ( f ) on estimated magnitudes, we analyze Lg amplitudes from > 6000 "> > 6000 waveforms recorded by Grenville and northern Appalachian receivers from 420 natural earthquakes of M N "> M N magnitude 3–5.6. Waveform analysis is strictly limited to analyst‐reviewed, vertical‐component waveforms in which Lg is clearly identified, ensuring that the datasets exhibit dominant, high‐frequency energy in the Lg velocity window. Lg Q ( f ) "> Q ( f ) is found to be higher in the GP than in the northern Appalachians. In the Grenville, Q ( f ) = 761 ( ± 145 ) f 0.25 ( ± 0.014 ) "> Q ( f ) = 761 ( ± 145 ) f 0.25 ( ± 0.014 ) ⁠ , and in the northern Appalachians, attenuation is higher: Q ( f ) = 506 ( ± 172 ) f 0.33 ( ± 0.310 ) "> Q ( f ) = 506 ( ± 172 ) f 0.33 ( ± 0.310 ) . Earthquake magnitude determined using the peak amplitude of the Lg phase ( ⁠ m b L g "> m b L g ) for eastern Canada is corrected to incorporate the frequency‐dependent, regionally specific Lg Q ( f ) "> Q ( f ) determined in this study. Using the new Lg Q ( f ) "> Q ( f ) values diminishes and nearly resolves magnitude discrepancies between the provinces. Correcting regional magnitude discrepancies between provinces is critical for reliable regional seismic hazard estimates because magnitude error in a particular region could lead to increased uncertainty in seismic hazard models.