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USGS · 70178164

Chronic toxicity of Pydraul 50E to lake trout

Foster L. Mayer·Daniel F. Woodward·William J. Adams
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Abstract

Industrial phosphate esters, both triaryl and alkyl aryl phosphate esters, are used as fire resistant hydraulic fluids and as fire retardant plasticizers (Lapp 1976). Hydraulic fluids probably represent the largest contribution of phosphate ester compounds released into the environment. Lapp (1976) estimated that 65 to 70 percent of all phosphate ester hydraulic fluids were utilized in automotive and steel industries. He also estimated that 80 percent of the annual consumption of hydraulic fluids in 1976 was the result of leaks in industrial hydraulic systems. These data suggest phosphate esters are likely to be constituents of industrial effluents and, consequently, could be in point source discharges.

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Foster L. Mayer, Daniel F. Woodward, William J. Adams. 1993. Chronic toxicity of Pydraul 50E to lake trout. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00198894

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