Shifts in the eruptive styles at Stromboli in 2010–2014 revealed by ground-based InSAR data

Federico Di Traglia; Maurizio Battaglia; Teresa Nolesini; Daniela Lagomarsino; Nicola Casaglia

doi:10.1038/srep13569

Home/Archive/USGS

USGS · 70159958

Shifts in the eruptive styles at Stromboli in 2010–2014 revealed by ground-based InSAR data

Federico Di Traglia·Maurizio Battaglia·Teresa Nolesini·Daniela Lagomarsino·Nicola Casaglia

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Ground-Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBInSAR) is an efficient technique for capturing short, subtle episodes of conduit pressurization in open vent volcanoes like Stromboli (Italy), because it can detect very shallow magma storage, which is difficult to identify using other methods. This technique allows the user to choose the optimal radar location for measuring the most significant deformation signal, provides an exceptional geometrical resolution, and allows for continuous monitoring of the deformation. Here, we present and model ground displacements collected at Stromboli by GBInSAR from January 2010 to August 2014. During this period, the volcano experienced several episodes of intense volcanic activity, culminated in the effusive flank eruption of August 2014. Modelling of the deformation allowed us to estimate a source depth of 482 ± 46 m a.s.l. The cumulative volume change was 4.7 ± 2.6 × 105 m3. The strain energy of the source was evaluated 3–5 times higher than the surface energy needed to open the 6–7 August eruptive fissure. The analysis proposed here can help forecast shifts in the eruptive style and especially the onset of flank eruptions at Stromboli and at similar volcanic systems (e.g. Etna, Piton de La Fournaise, Kilauea).

Explore related subjects

Scientific Reports Article

Source-reported bounding extent: 38.77041335043523° to 38.81296105899589° latitude; 15.184478759765627° to 15.24421691894531° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Federico Di Traglia, Maurizio Battaglia, Teresa Nolesini, Daniela Lagomarsino, Nicola Casaglia. 2015-09-01. Shifts in the eruptive styles at Stromboli in 2010–2014 revealed by ground-based InSAR data. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13569

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related USGS reports

USGS2026

Spontaneous combustion of metal sulfide minerals and implications for seafloor massive sulfide mining

Metal sulfide minerals are abundant phases in many environments on earth, including seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits, which occur at hydrothermal vents throughout the global ocean. These deep-sea settings are currently undergoing exploration for potential future mining. Here, we describe rocks from Escanaba Trough on the southern Gorda Ridge that underwent spontaneous combustion during laboratory processing. We compared the mineralogy, composition, and thermogravimetric behavior of the combusting samples to rocks from the same location that did not combust. We then used thermodynamic analyses to evaluate the exothermic nature of different metal sulfide oxidation reactions. The combusting rocks are primarily composed of nanocrystalline marcasite pseudomorphing blades of primary pyrrhotite. These altered, nanocrystalline rocks are less stable than their primary predecessors. Typically, recrystallization decreases reactivity as minerals trend towards steady state; however, both of the combusting samples we characterized are secondary, and demonstrate the instability of this metastable intermediate phase. Further, thermodynamic calculations indicate that metal sulfide oxidation is more exothermic when oxygen serves as the oxidant, as occurs in seawater or air. The distinct mineralogy, texture, and setting of SMS deposits in the modern oceans thus suggests a greater potential for self-heating in comparison to their ancient analogues.

Scientific Reports↗

USGS2026

Rewilding the upper Klamath River Basin: Rapid recolonization of Chinook salmon following the world’s largest dam removal

Habitat fragmentation is a global driver of decline in biodiversity, yet evaluations of ecological response following re-connection remain rare. In 2024, four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River were removed, reconnecting over 640 km of anadromous habitat and marking the largest dam removal project completed to date. We used a stationary high-resolution multi-beam imaging SONAR to quantify adult Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) passage into newly reopened reaches during the first two migratory seasons following dam removal. An estimated 7,742 (95% CI: 7,702–7,778) Chinook salmon migrated upstream in 2024 and 13,310 (95% CI: 12,876–13,733) in 2025, representing 18–19% of fish returning to the Klamath River Basin. Within this period, Chinook salmon recolonized 88% of their documented historical distribution, expanding into 345 km of reconnected habitats and reaching elevations of up to 1,250 m. Recolonization required fish to swim through dam removal sites, complex hydraulic corridors and engineered fishways, demonstrating the propensity for rapid recolonization at basin scale despite these challenges. These findings provide the first quantitative assessment of salmon response to the world’s largest dam removal and demonstrate how reconnection can catalyze large-scale recolonization in historically fragmented river networks.

California, Oregon↗

USGS2026

Rapid intensification of Karenia brevis red tides after hurricane Milton revealed by PACE-OCI hyperspectral unmixing

Estuarine and coastal systems, shaped by transient physical–biological interactions and recurrent harmful algal blooms, often undergo episodic shifts in phytoplankton community composition (PCC). We present PhytoUnmix , a deep learning spectral unmixing framework applied to NASA’s hyperspectral PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) mission, to resolve PCC dynamics during a red tide bloom following Hurricane Milton (2024) on the West Florida Shelf, USA. PACE-derived PCC, together with upper-ocean physical observations, revealed contrasting phytoplankton community patterns across distinct post-hurricane hydrographic conditions: offshore wind-curl induced upwelling exhibited higher relative abundance of diatoms, whereas nearshore regions affected by northerly winds and Ekman transport along with enhanced upwelling were associated with coastal Karenia brevis bloom. For the first time, synergistic observations using PACE and Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) showed a rapid rise in dinoflagellates nearshore, with concurrent declines in diatoms and chlorophytes, while cryptophytes co-increased. These transient shifts likely reflected not only physical stirring but also biological responses, as freshwater inputs increased nutrient availability, and coincided with intensified red tides and spatially heterogeneous phytoplankton responses, such as, initial increases in diatoms and cyanobacteria followed by Karenia brevis dominance. Together, PACE and SWOT provide unprecedented capacity to resolve physical–biological linkages in coastal ecosystems.

Florida↗