USGS Science⌕ Search

USGS · 70044320

Evaluation of methods and uncertainties in the water budget

Abstract

Water budget studies of Mirror Lake aim to measure hydrologic components interacting with the lake as accurately as possible. However, measurements of water budget components are subject to some degree of uncertainty. This chapter describes the methods used to quantify water budget components of Mirror Lake in detail. It examines uncertainties in precipitation values, monthly evaporation, water flows, and exchange with groundwater. It shows how those values were derived, including the assumptions that went into the calculations and the uncertainties inherent in the values.

Explore related subjects

90° N90° S · 180° W ← longitude → 180° E
Source-reported bounding extent: 43.61507530341222° to 43.631602429512775° latitude; -71.2767219543457° to -71.25423431396483° longitude. This indicates report coverage, not an exact sampling location. View area on OpenStreetMap.

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Thomas C. Winter, Donald O. Rosenberry. 2009. Evaluation of methods and uncertainties in the water budget. https://doi.org/10.1525/california%2F9780520261198.003.0004

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related USGS reports

Ground failure resulting from earthquake ground motions

The ground failure resulting from an earthquake, at all scales, is ultimately controlled by the details of near-surface earthquake ground motions, the spatially distributed mechanical characteristics of surface materials and how the two interact. This chapter introduces the aspects of ground-motion seismology that are most relevant to the triggering of different types of ground failure, such as landslides and liquefaction. In particular, the chapter focuses on different sources of local modification (e.g. amplification) of earthquake ground motions in the shallow subsurface, known as site effects. The chapter ends with an overview of the controls on, general spatial patterns of, and approaches to regional modelling of the manifestation of ground failure that may be triggered by an earthquake.

Book chapter↗

Loma salmonae and related species

Loma salmonae is a microsporidium that infects Pacific salmon and causes a gill inflammatory syndrome known as microsporidial gill disease of salmon. This disease has been mostly associated with netpen-farmed Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in British Columbia, Canada. Clinical, diagnostic, pathological aspects of disease, as well as approaches for disease avoidance in salmon aquaculture are discussed. A laboratory infection model in rainbow trout was used to determine life cycle-stages, transmission dynamics, pathophysiology, influence of temperature, and to test therapeutics applicable to aquaculture. This experimental model has been informative on various approaches of disease control, including the development of a promising vaccine. In addition to improving fish health in salmon farming in North America, this L. salmonae model will be applicable to other microsporidial diseases that may be encountered in emerging aquaculture regions.

Book chapter↗

Cumulative effects of multiple stressors on marine mammals: Elephant seals as a model system

Noise exposure is a potential stressor for free-ranging marine mammals and is often studied in the absence of other environmental factors. Here, a multi-investigator, interdisciplinary effort was undertaken to examine the response of elephant seals to multiple stressors. An integrated physiological and ecological approach was taken, including immunology, stress physiology, toxicology, animal behavior, population biology, and life history theory, to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple stressors in elephant seals. While we measured the response of individual animals, a population response can be predicted by incorporating these results into the long-term data on elephant seal demographics.

Book chapter↗