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Transformation through time: How wildlife disease became a focus of conservation

Milton Friend
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Abstract

When I began my career as an assistant waterfowl biologist in 1956, wildlife disease was not a major concern for conservation agencies. Some states— such as California, Michigan, New York, Wyoming, and Colorado— had small internal wildlife disease programs to investigate wildlife mortality events, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) had a program focused on migratory birds.

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Milton Friend. 2012. Transformation through time: How wildlife disease became a focus of conservation. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70037900

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