Volcanism, isostatic residual gravity and regional tectonic setting of the Cascade volcanic province

Abstract

A technique to locate automatically boundaries between crustal blocks of disparate densities was applied to upward continued isostatic residual gravity data. The boundary analysis delineates a narrow gravitational trough that extends the length of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic arc from Mount Baker in northern Washington to Lassen Peak in California. Gravitational highs interrupt the trough at two localities: a northwest trending high in southern Washington and a northeast trending high between Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak. The latter anomaly is one of a set of northeast trending anomalies that, within the Quaternary arc, appear related to volcanic segmentation proposed previously on the basis of spatial and compositional distributions of volcanoes. These northeast trending anomalies extend hundreds of kilometers northeast of the arc, are caused by sources in the upper crust, and in some cases are related to exposed pre-Tertiary rocks. Segmentation models invoke geometric characteristics of the subducting plate as the primary factor controlling location and chemistry of volcanism, and these northeast trending gravity sources also may be a product of disturbance of the upper crust by the subduction process. More likely, the gravity sources may reflect upper crustal structures older than the High Cascades, possibly relicts from earlier accretionary events or more recent crustal deformation, that have actively influenced the spatial location of more recent volcanism. Much of the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism of the Cascade arc has concentrated on or near contacts between crustal blocks of disparate density. These contacts may promote the ascension of magma to the Earth's surface.