USGS · 70012389
Outlines progress in the last 40 yr, as the keynote address, 1979 ASP-ACSM Fall Technical Meeting, Sept. 17-20, Sioux Falls, S.D. -E.Williams
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R.B. Southard. 1980. The changing scene in surveying and mapping. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70012389
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The solutions for combined triangulation-trilateration least-squares adjustment of triangles and quadrilaterals, in which all angles and distances are observed, are developed. The triangle is adjusted by the method of observations only, and the quadrilateral is adjusted by the method of indirect observations. The problem of choosing the proper weight factor relating the angle measurements to the distance measurements is addressed. By changing the weight factor, the adjustment can vary from pure triangulation to pure trilateration.-from Authors
Two developments, aerial photography and airborne geophysical surveying techniques, have already increased the rate at which new knowledge of the world's resources can be acquired. But even with far wider use of the tools and techniques already available, the problems that face us are greater than our current ability to solve them. Fortunately, some of the further acceleration required can be obtained through use of remote-sensing devices mounted in high-flying aircraft and earth-orbiting satellites.