Control of whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis): Effects of drying, and disinfection with hydrated lime or chlorine

G. L. Hoffman; J. J. O’Grodnick

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04050.x

Home/Archive/USGS

USGS · 1014318

Control of whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis): Effects of drying, and disinfection with hydrated lime or chlorine

G. L. Hoffman·J. J. O’Grodnick

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Thorough air drying of contaminated mud killed the spores of Myxosoma cerebralis . Treatment of simulated earthen ponds with hydrated lime with up to 4550 g/m 2 on the wet mud did not kill all of the spores. Treatment of simulated earthen ponds with up to 1200 p.p.m. chlorine did not kill all of the spores, however, treatment of contaminated water with 10 p.p.m. chlorine did kill the spores.

Explore related subjects

Journal of Fish Biology Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

G. L. Hoffman, J. J. O’Grodnick. 2006-01-24. Control of whirling disease (Myxosoma cerebralis): Effects of drying, and disinfection with hydrated lime or chlorine. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04050.x

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related USGS reports

USGS2026

Plasticity in the reproductive biology of Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake following lake trout Salvelinus namaycush invasion

Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus virginalis bouvieri in Yellowstone Lake are the focus of intensive conservation efforts due to the threat of predation by invasive lake trout Salvelinus namaycush . Suppression gillnetting has reduced the abundance of predatory lake trout, and the Yellowstone cutthroat trout population is recovering. Long-term monitoring indicates the size structure of the population shifted following lake trout invasion, suggesting that reproductive demographic rates of Yellowstone cutthroat trout may have changed. Length at 50% probability of maturity, as assessed using histological analysis of gonadal tissue, was 479 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 467–490 mm) for females and 406 mm (95% CI 386–430 mm) for males, compared to 330 mm for males and females historically. Currently, age at 50% probability of maturity is 6.6 for females and 5.4 for males. The rate of skipped spawning was 3% for females and 38% for males. Mean absolute fecundity was 2897 ovarian follicles/individual at present compared to 1141 ovarian follicles/individual before lake trout invasion. Mean relative fecundity was 2157 ovarian follicles/kg. This research illustrates the plasticity in the reproductive strategies of fishes as a result of an invasive species. Understanding the reproductive biology of fish populations is vital for effective fisheries management, and these results are integral to a population model that can be used to develop new conservation benchmarks for Yellowstone cutthroat trout.

Wyoming↗

USGS2025

Too hot for comfort: Elevated temperatures influence gene expression and exceed thermal tolerance of bigmouth shiners, Ericymba dorsalis

Environmental and associated ecosystem change may affect the persistence of fish species based on their ability to adapt to changing conditions, including decreasing flows and rising water temperatures. Exceeding the thermal tolerances of stream fish will likely result in a loss of ability to maintain metabolic processes. We evaluated the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of bigmouth shiner ( Ericymba dorsalis ) and analysed the expression of heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA (mRNA) (HSP70) to quantify a thermal stress response over a gradient of temperatures (25°C–31°C). E. dorsalis HSP70 mRNA expression was upregulated in response to temperatures >25°C, indicating a stress response. This study supports the existence of a thermal stress threshold for E. dorsalis . The frequency at which this threshold is exceeded may increase under forecasted future climate scenarios for Nebraska.

Nebraska↗

USGS2025

Seaward movements and mortality of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. kelts in the Penobscot River, Maine

The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. is an endangered species in the United States, but post-spawn downstream movements remain poorly understood. We conducted a 2-year acoustic telemetry study to characterize downstream movements and to quantify apparent mortality and downstream passage of post-spawn adults (kelts) in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA ( N = 112). The majority of tagged S. salar kelts (54%) exhibited a rapid movement seaward post-release instead of overwintering in the river. Salmo salar kelts that overwintered exhibited two patterns, distinguished by whether a dam was present or not. We found no relationship between post-release movement pattern, sex, body condition index or release year. Estimated apparent mortality rates were high (83%), with a greater probability of mortality occurring near the dams and release site. Apparent mortality rate did not differ by sex, body condition or year, but it was greater for individuals that moved out directly post-release and less for those that overwintered. While our results may suggest that overwintering in the river is a favourable pattern for survival, these results may be related to the closures of the designated downstream passages at the first two dams encountered by S. salar kelts. In fact, 55% of S. salar kelts passed a dam when the designated passages were closed. Altogether, these results may demonstrate the complex nature of downstream passage for S. salar kelts, particularly when having to navigate multiple dams.

Penobscot River↗