Geology of the Chewelah-Loon Lake area, Stevens and Spokane counties, Washington
No abstract available.
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Water resources data for Washington, water year 1974; Part 1, Surface water records
Surface-water records for the 1974 water year for Washington, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report. The location of continuous-record gaging stations are shown in figures 1, 2. Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of L. B. Laird, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Washington.
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Water resources data for Washington, water year 1974; Part 2, Water quality records
Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Washington include records of data for the chemical and physical characteristics of surface and ground water. Water-quality data on chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of surface and ground water were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals such as once daily, weekly, monthly or less frequently, and at some sites data were recorded on punched paper tape at 15-, 30-, or 60 minute intervals. Records are given for 157 sampling stations of which 149 are continuous record stations and 8 are miscellaneous sites. Records of chemical analyses also are given for 19 ground-water sites. Locations of the continuous-record sampling stations are shown in figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included. The records were collected by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of L. B. Laird, district chief. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Washington.
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Water resources of the Toppenish Creek Basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington
The Yakima River, which flows along the eastern margin of the Yakima Indian Reservation, provides about 93 percent of the irrigation water for the eastern part of the Toppenish Creek basin--the major agricultural area in the basin . During 1972, the total surface water diverted from all streams and from ground-water irrigation was nearly 700,000 acre-feet (863 million cubic metres).
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Digital-simulation and projection of water-level declines in basalt aquifers of the Odessa-Lind area, east-central Washington
A digital computer program using finite-difference techniques simulates an intensively pumped, multilayered basalt-aquifer system near Odessa. The aquifers now developed are in the upper 1,000 feet of a regionally extensive series of southwesterly dipping basalt flows of the Columbia River Group. Most of the aquifers are confined. Those in the depth range of about 500 to 1,000 feet are the chief source of ground water pumped from irrigation wells. Transmissivity of these aquifers ranges from less than 2,700 feet squared per day to more than 40,000 feet squared per day, and storage coefficients range from 0.0015 to 0.006. Shallower aquifers are generally much less permeable, but they are a source of recharge to deeper aquifers with lower artesian heads; vertical leakage occurs along joints in the basalt and down uncased wells, which short circuit the aquifer system. For model analysis, the deeper, pumped aquifers were grouped and treated as a single layer with drawdown-dependent leakage from an overlying confining layer. Verification of the model was achieved primarily by closely matching observed pumpage-related head declines ranging from about 10 feet to more than 40 feet over the 4-year period from March 1967 to March 1971. Projected average annual rates of decline in the Odessa-Lind area during the 14-year period from March 1967 to March 1981 are: from 1 to 9 feet per year if pumpage is maintained at the 1970 rate of 117,000 acre-feet per year; or, from 3 to 33 feet per year if 1970 pumpage is increased to 233,000 acre-feet per year, which includes 116,000 acre-feet per year covered by water-right applications held in abeyance. In each case, projected drawdown on the northeast side of a major ground-water barrier is about double that on the southwest side because of differences in transmissivity and storage coefficient and in sources of recharge.
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Tectonic setting of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington
Lower and middle Eocene abyssal and Hawaiian type tholeiitic basalts form two accumulations that apparently were once far out on the east flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, within the Juan de Fuca plate. One of these (more than 15 km thick) is near the eastern and southeastern periphery of the Olympic Peninsula, and the other (about 5 km thick) is on the north. The tholeiites stratigraphically overlie and interfinger with Paleocene(?) and lower and middle Eocene marine turbidites and shales; one flow includes boulders that, like clasts in the sediments, were derived from the North American continental plate immediately to the east. The basalts are overlain stratigraphically by middle Eocene to middle Miocene clastic marine sedimentary rocks, which are in turn overlapped unconformably on the south and west by upper Miocene (?) and Pliocene, chiefly shallow-marine clastic rocks. These various peripheral rocks flank a middle or late Miocene structurally complex dome, or orocline convex to the east, in which originally east dipping and low angle late Eocene to late Miocene underthrusts are flexed. The outermost underthrust of the complex separates the chiefly volcanic peripheral rocks to the north, east, and south from stratigraphically correlative and comparable, though predominantly sedimentary, core rocks arranged in northwest trending arcuate belts or packets bounded by fault zones. Before underthrusting, and perhaps oroclinal folding connected with doming, the pre-middle Miocene section was possibly 150 to 200 km wide compared with the present Olympic Peninsula which is 120 km wide. The section accumulated on the ocean floor near the western margin of the continent, before and during subduction of the oceanic crust.
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Widespread late glacial and postglacial tephra deposits from Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington
Pumice layers composing four different groups of tephra beds (termed "sets"), whose stratigraphy, age, and trend away from Mount St. Helens are fairly well known, are potentially valuable stratigraphic markers in the northwestern United States and adjacent parts of Canada. All four tephra sets are less than about 18,000 yr old. The oldest set described (set S) is between about 18,000 and 12,000 yr old; the most extensive pumice layers of the set, however, probably are no more than about 13,000 yr old. Relatively voluminous layers in the next younger tephra unit (set J) probably range from slightly less than 12,000 to slightly more than 8,000 yr old; in the overlying set Y, the most extensive layers range from about 4,000 to 3,400 yr old. The largest tephra layers in the youngest tephra set described, set W, are apparently all about 450 yr old. All the extensive tephra deposits were carried chiefly east of Mount St. Helens, and the bulk of them form an arc which extends from north-northeast of the volcano clockwise around to the southeast.
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Recurrent geothermally induced debris avalanches on Boulder Glacier, Mount Baker, Washington
Avalanches of snow, firn and hydrothermally altered rock and mud have been released six times since 1958 from Sherman Peak, part of the crater rim south of the main summit of Mount Baker, Wash. The avalanches traveled nearly identical paths 2.0-2.6 km down Boulder Glacier on the east slope of the volcano. Debris from at least one past avalanche can be seen as a thin bed of acidic mud in the glacier terminus. Fumaroles. thermal springs, and areas of warm ground, some of which are subglacial, are concentrated in the crater and were mapped by aerial infrared thermography. The outgoing radiant flux per unit area from a cluster of infrared anomalies within 50-150 m of the avalanche source was estimated to be 319 W m -2 (7,620 μ cal cm -2 s -1 ) in November 1972, which is sufficient to account for observed ice perforations. In addition vapor emission, not apparent in thermography, was observed along the source margin after the avalanche of August 1973. The principal conditions that produce the avalanches are considered to be the large accumulation of snow and firn on top of hydrothermally altered clay-rich ground at Sherman Peak and the saturation near the ground-firn interface by melt water produced both by summer snow ablation and by geothermal emission. The periodic avalanches have a potential for impounding water in the crater in addition to ponded water already known to occur. Sudden release of impounded water could present a danger to the Boulder Creek valley below.
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Description of the geoelectric section, Rattlesnake Hills unit 1 well, Washington
A complex 64-in. normal log from the 3,249-m-deep Rattlesnake Hills well was digitized and reduced to a form resembling a simple resistance log. The simplified form of the log made it possible to recognize three major geoelectric intervals in the well that were not apparent on the original log. The apparent resistivity values from each geoelectric interval are grouped into a frequency-distribution table, where midpoints of the class interval are corrected for the effects of hole diameter and mud resistivity. Using corrected class-interval midpoint resistivities, first-approximation values are calculated for five geoelectric parameters: total transverse resistance, total longitudinal conductance, average longitudinal resistivity, average transverse resistivity, and the coefficient of anisotropy. Comparison of anisotropies, resistivity variations, and resistivity-frequency polygon shapes indicates quantitative differences among the three geoelectric intervals.
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Floods of January 1974 in Washington
Record floods occurred in parts of Washington during January 14-21, 1974. The floods resulted from runoff from warm, moderately heavy rain that continued most of the week, augmented by runoff from the rapid melting of a near-record snowpack that extended to low elevations. New record peak flows occurred at many gaging stations which have been operated continuously for 20 to 50 years and at on which has been operated since 1907. At least two deaths were attributable to the floods, and property damage in the four hardest hit counties were estimate by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to be $21 million.
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Landslides and associated damage during early 1972 in part of west-central King County, Washington
No abstract available.
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Map showing relative compressibility of earth materials in part of west-central King County, Washington
No abstract available.
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Relative susceptibility of lakes to water-quality degradation in the southern Hood Canal area, Washington
No abstract available.
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Streamflow in the southern Hood Canal area, Washington, as related to land-use planning
No abstract available.
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A ground-water investigation on the Lummi Indian Reservation area, Washington
No abstract available.
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Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Okanogan, Sandpoint, Ritzville, and Spokane 1° by 2° quadrangles, northeastern Washington
No abstract available.
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Water resources data for Washington, water year 1973; Part 1, Surface water records
Surface-water records for the 1973 water year for Washington, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, are given in this report and their locations shown in figures 1, 2. Records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of L. B. Laird, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Washington.
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Water resources data for Washington, water year 1973; Part 2, Water quality records
Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Washington include records of data for the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water. Data on the quality of surface water (chemical, temperature, and sediment) were collected from designated sampling sites at predetermined intervals such as once daily, weekly, monthly or less frequently. Records are given for 363 sampling stations of which 181 are continuous record stations and 182 are partial-record stations. Locations of the continuous-record sampling stations are shown in figure 1. A few pertinent stations (not included above) in bordering States are also included. The records were collected by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of L. B. Laird, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Washington.
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