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Research about Pennsylvania

Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Pennsylvania.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
USGS1977

Ground-water resources of Chester County, Pennsylvania

Fifty gallons per minute (3 liters per second) or more may be obtained from wells in almost all parts of the county, but not at all locations. Adequate exploration to find fracture or solution openings is required. Five hundred gallons per minute (30 liters per second) or more may be obtained from some of the carbonate rocks. Linear features are visible on 1:1,000,000-to 1:24,000-scale aerial imagery. Many linear features, but not all, have geologic or hydrologic significance, and some may indicate fractured rock that might be tapped by wells. Dissolved-solids concentration of most ground water is less than 500 milligrams per liter. Chemical-quality problems are predominantly caused by acidity, iron and manganese, or nitrate. Base (ground-water) runoff during a near-average year, 1968, was about 420 million gallons per day (18 cubic meters per second).

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USGS1977

Exploration geochemical studies of some sandstone copper-uranium deposits, Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa

Semi-quantitative spectrographic analyses of mineralized and unmineralized sandstone, siltstone, and claystone from the Catskill Formation of Devonian age in Bradford, Columbia, and Lycoming Counties, Pa., suggest that copper, silver, and uranium are the principal metallic elements concentrated in the mineralized rock. Lead, mercury, and molybdenum may be concentrated slightly in mineralized rock but values are too low to be of use in exploration. The deposits are too small to make large anomalies in stream sediments except in drainage basins of less than a few acres. However, if a large deposit were exposed to weathering, it would probably be detectable by stream sediment sampling. Analyses of oxalic acid leachates of the minus 80-mesh fraction of the stream-sediment samples gave more useful values than analyses of the minus 80-mesh samples in separating drainage basins that have copper deposits from those that have no known copper deposits.

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USGS1976

Some characteristics of fall migration of female woodcock

Nine female woodcock ( Philohela minor ) were radio-tagged in central Pennsylvania before fall migration to monitor premigratory and migratory movements. Within 15 days of departure, 5 of the birds moved 0.8 to 8.0 km from their normally used area, but the remaining 4 did not move. In 1973 five marked woodcock began migration between 30 November and 8 December. In 1974, four birds departed between 18 and 29 November. Departures coincided with high pressure centers approaching from the north and west or low pressure centers retreating to the north and east, or both. Eight of the 9 woodcock departed 2.5 or more hours after sunset and at least 7 left before midnight. Two hatching-year birds were tracked for up to 201 km SSW of the study area during 2 nights. Their air speeds (mean + SD) were 36 + 2 and 45 + 3 km/h.

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USGS1976

Limnological data for the major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania

Limnological data on major streams in Chester County, Pennsylvania are tabulated to provide a base line as to the present stream conditions. As land-use patterns change and further urbanization takes place, it is anticipated that these data will serve as a basis for comparison of conditions in the future. The 13 basins encompass a total drainage area of 1,812 km2 (697 mi2) of the 1,976 km2 (760 mi2) within Chester County. Four of the streams are tributaries to the Schuylkill River and include Pickering, Stony Run, Pigeon, and French Creek. Tributaries to the Delaware River include Darby, Crum, Ridley, Chester, Red Clay, and White Clay Creeks. The Elk Creeks flow into the Chesapeake Bay. The Brandywine is a tributary to the Christiana River, itself a tributary to the Delaware. The Octoraro Creek is a tributary to the Susquehanna River. Chester County, which is located in the Piedmont area of Pennsylvania, is undergoing rapid transition from a rural to suburban condition as the population increases. This basic-data report contains the chemical, physical, and biological information collected for the period fall 1969 through fall 1974. The network of 50 stations is shown in figure 1, which is followed by a listing (table 1) of station numbers and a brief description of station locations. Table 2 shows the physical, chemical, and bacteriological data collected by station and date. Table 3 shows the benthic invertebrate data collected by station and date.

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USGS1976

Selected hydrologic data, Chester County, Pennsylvania

This report presents selected hydrologic data collected during a study of the ground-water resources of Chester County, Pennsylvania. The study was made during 1973-76 by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority. This report is intended to make the data conveniently available and to supplement an interpretive report that will be published separately.

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USGS1976

Map of coal-mining features, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

This map is one result of a series of studies sponsored by the Appalachian Regional Commission as part of a larger U.S. Geological Survey program of environmental analysis of a part of southwestern Pennsylvania. The map summarizes surface features resulting from coal mining. The distribution of surface features is largely from 1973, 1:12,000 scale aerial photographs verified by field reconnaissance in 1973 and 1974. Supplementary interpretations relative to surface subsidence were done using 1939 aerial photographs.

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USGS1976

Floods in Pennsylvania: A manual for estimation of their magnitude and frequency

Regression equations are provided for estimation of flood magnitude and frequency on unregulated and unurbanized streams in Pennsylvania. Frequency-discharge profiles are shown for regulated reaches on eleven major streams. These regression equations and discharge profiles enable the design engineer to estimate flood-frequency characteristics for almost all streams that drain more than 2 square miles. Ten regression models for eight flood-frequency regions consist of regression equations that relate floods for recurrence intervals of 2.33, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years to readily determinable drainage-basin characteristics. Individual equations include no more than two of the following drainage-basin characteristics as independent variables: drainage area, channel slope, percent of area which serves for storage of surface water, and index of average annual excess precipitation. Standard errors of estimate for regression equations applicable to drainage areas of more than 15 square miles range from 16 to 33 percent. For smaller drainage areas, the highest standard error of estimate is 56 percent. The equations do not apply to streams whose drainage basins are highly urbanized or extensively strip mines; neither do they apply if runoff from more than 15 percent of the drainage basin upstream from the site of interest is regulated. Peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2.33, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, as attenuated by installed and planned reservoirs, are presented for the principal regulated streams by means of discharge-frequency profiles. Tables of drainage basin characteristics and discharge-frequency distributions are appended.

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USGS1976

Water resources data for Pennsylvania, water year 1975; Volume 3. Ohio River and St. Lawrence River basins

Water Resources Data for the 1975 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 89 gaging stations; stage and contents for 14 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 2 gaging stations, 46 partial-record flow stations, and water levels for 20 observation wells. Also included are data for 12 crest-stage partial-record stations and 27 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

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USGS1976

Sediment discharge from an area of highway construction, Applemans Run basin, Columbia County, Pennsylvania

The effects of highway construction on stream sediment loads were studied in Applemans Run basin, Columbia County, Pa., from October 1971 to May 1974. During the investigations, about 5,200 tons of suspended-sediment were discharged from the basin. Of this amount, about 2,700 tons, or about half the total sediment discharge, as derived from the highway construction area. Annual suspended-sediment yields from 17.5 acres under construction ranged from 40,000 to 66,000 tons/sq mi in the 1972 and 1973 water years, respectively. In the 1972 and 1973 er years of active construction, 83 percent of the sediment transported from the construction site was eroded each year in storms from January to June. Seasonal trends in sediment discharge for 1972 show that 69 percent of that year 's suspended-load was transported in April, May, and June, whereas less than 1 percent was transported in July, August, and September. (Woodard-USGS)

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