Water resources data for the 1974 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging and water-quality stations in bordering states are also included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

Indiana↗

USGS1975

Hydraulic characteristics and water-supply potential of the aquifers in the vicinity of the wastewater treatment plant, South Bend, Indiana

No abstract available.

Indiana↗

USGS1975

A river-quality assessment of the upper White River, Indiana

This report attempts to interrelate the physical, chemical, biological, esthetic, and cultural aspects of the upper White River (above Centerton, Ind.) by assessing the mass of available data. Relatively few new data were collected. The White River can be subdivided into five distinct river-quality sections. Section 1, above Winchester, drains a rural area and is affected by agricultural land use, although the river quality generally is good. Section 2, between Winchester and Muncie, is affected by urbanization at Winchester and Muncie. The river quality generally is good, although stretches near the cities occasionally have problems. Section 3, Muncie to Anderson, is polluted by urban effluent. Section 4, Anderson to Indianapolis, is further polluted (particularly at Anderson), but the river tends to recover considerably at Indianapolis, and becomes relatively clean. Section 5, below Indianapolis, is polluted. The river continues to be polluted below the project boundary. The river is affected most severely in the Indianapolis area. For example, in October 1972 the nitrogen load increased from 5.45 tons per day (4.94 tonnes per day) above Indianapolis to 18.43 tons per day (16.72 tonnes per day) below the city. Ten micrograms per kilogram of DDD, 20 micrograms per kilogram of chlordane, and 20 micrograms per kilogram of polychlorinated biphenyls were extracted from the sediments in the White River below Indianapolis. The median coliform bacteria count below Indianapolis is 360,000 colonies per 100 millilitres of water. The only benthic invertebrates found in the White River below Indianapolis are pollution-tolerant species, and very few fish are found. Conditions are similar, but to a somewhat lesser degree, below Muncie.

Indiana↗

USGS1975

Water-quality assessment of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 1973-74

The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore is underlain by unconsolidated lake and glacial deposits which have been divided into three units. Unit 1 is comprised mostly of sand and, in the western part of the National Lakeshore, is capable of yielding more than 500 gallons per minute (32 litres per second) to properly constructed wells. Unit 2, a silt till below unit 1, has little potential as a source of water for public supplies within the National Lakeshore area. Unit 4, a clay till under unit 2, is capable of yielding from 10 to 65 gallons per minute (0.6 to 4 litres per second) throughout the National Lakeshore. Precipitation samples collected at the National Lakeshore had average inorganic ion concentrations ranging from 0 to 7.0 milligrams per litre. Streams in the National Lakeshore generally had a specific conductance ranging from 300 to 600 micromhos, a pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.1, and a dissolved oxygen concentration near saturation (7.7 to 12.9 milligrams per litre). The hogs and marshlands generally contained water with a specific conductance ranging from 40 to 150 micromhos, a pH ranging from 5.0 to 6.5, and dissolved oxygen ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 milligrams per litre. Most surface waters tended to have calcium and bicarbonate as the dominant ion pair. Exceptions include some inter-dunal ponds and certain watercourses and areas of Pinhook Bog. Ground-water chemical quality varied with depth and location but not with time during a 6-month interval. Ground water was usually a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type and moderately to very hard (71 to 390 milligrams per litre).

Indiana↗

USGS1974

Floods in Indiana: technical manual for estimating their magnitude and frequency

This manual provides methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on unregulated and unurbanized streams in Indiana that drain at least 15 square miles (38.8 square kilometres). The methods provide the design engineer with a means of estimating flood frequencies without having to analyze the records at individual streamflow sites. The estimating equations in this manual are based on relations between floods of specific return periods and selected watershed characteristics. The most significant factors for estimating flood peaks in Indiana were found to be drainage area and precipitation index. The shape of a watershed was also found very significant in development of the regional equations. Other variables used in the regional equations are physical characteristics that further explain differences in the magnitudes of floods from the watersheds. The regional equations are multivariate regression equations that relate peak discharges of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals to watershed characteristics and are essentially for natural streams. In this study, if 25 percent or more of the drainage area of a stream is above a reservoir, it was considered to be regulated, and flood peaks from it were not included in the analysis unless it could be determined that flood peaks were not materially affected, as in the case of several streams below small water-supply reservoirs. The equations also do not apply to streams that are affected by a high degree of urbanization.

Indiana↗

USGS1974

Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1973

Water resources data for the 1973 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gating and water-quality stations in bordering states also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

Indiana↗

USGS1974

Index to maps of flood-prone areas in Indiana

A listing of flood maps for Indiana prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey through 1974 is presented by county. The list provides information on the type of flooding depicted and the reliability of the delineation. The list was prepared from a computer file, and an available program allows retrieval of data by land-line location, State and county, and Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). The file will be continuously updated.

Indiana↗

USGS1973

Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1972

Water resources data for the 1972 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging and water-quality stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J. L. Cook, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

Indiana↗

USGS1973

Electric-analog simulation network of unconsolidated aquifers in the upper Wabash River basin, Indiana

The ground-water budget of the unconsolidated deposits in the upper Wabash River basin was modeled. An electrical-simulation network was used to determine an integrated storage coefficient of 0.003 for the basin. Two practical problems were investigated: a municipal pumping problem and the change in flow regime due to the addition of surface-water reservoirs to the basin. Because these are demonstration exercises, the information presented is not intended to be used for construction justification. The network is available and can be used to determine the effect on basin hydrology due to local development of the ground-water resource.

Indiana↗

USGS1972

Evaporation from Morse Reservoir, Indiana

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Indiana↗

USGS1972

Comparison of evaporation computation methods, Pretty Lake, Lagrange County, northeastern Indiana

Evaporation from Pretty Lake has been computed for a 2%- year period between 1963 and 1965 by the use of an energy budget, mass-transfer parameters, a water budget, a class-A pan, and a computed pan evaporation technique. The seasonal totals for the different methods are within 8 percent of their mean and are within 11 percent of the rate of 79 centimeters (31 inches) per year determined from published maps that are based on evaporation-pan data. Period-by-period differences among the methods are larger than the annual differences, but there is a general agreement among the evaporation hydrographs produced by the different computation methods. The energy budget was an excellent means of computing unbiased evaporation data for periods of a month or longer from June through September. It is not reliable in the springtime, when Bowen ratios are large and when the large changes in stored energy may be hard to measure accurately owing to errors in the capacity table. The need for sophisticated equipment, frequent temperature surveys, and complex computations makes the energy budget the most expensive of the several methods used. Effective use was made of the Koberg method in estimating long-wave radiation when accurate instrument records were not available. Effects of sediment heating and cooling were computed to have influenced evaporation as much as 0.03 cm day" 1 (centimeters per day) just after the autumnal overturn. The change is significant during the fall, when the evaporation for Pretty Lake is low, and would be more significant in a shallow lake, where the heat storage by the sediment would be large in proportion to the storage by the water. The corrected fall in stage computed by the water-budget method agreed well with the evaporation rates computed by other methods during the dryer seasons. Decreased rates of fall in stage during the wet seasons indicated net inflow seepage that was estimated to be equivalent to a stage change of more than 0.2 cm day" 1 at some times. Evaporation data based upon class-A pan records and computed pan evaporation were too large early in the season and too small late in the season. The differences were caused by energy storage, which affected the lake evaporation as energy was stored in the spring and released late in the season. Energy-storage effects can be corrected, but the corrections require some of the same expensive data that were used in the energy budget. The mass-transfer system proved to be an effective low-cost means of computing evaporation, a means that is well suited to low evaporation rates. The mass-transfer coefficient was determined to be 0.00560 cm hr day- 1 mile" 1 mb" 1 (centimeter per day per millibar per mile/hour), the relative standard error of the energy-budget calibration being about 6 percent. Springtime and autumn evaporation rates computed by the mass-transfer method were slightly higher than rates computed by other methods, and summer rates from mass-transfer computations were slightly lower than rates computed by other methods. Anemometer stalling is believed to have caused unreliable mass-transfer evaporation data during two periods having very low wind velocities. Assuming that Pretty Lake is typical of the many small natural lakes in its region, it is concluded that in most cases the evaporation information needed for hydrologic studies can be provided with satisfactory accuracy by a combination of the mass-transfer method and one or two other methods, without the expense of a complex energy-budget study. The different methods, although poor, agree that evaporation when there is ice cover is generally small (less than 0.1 cm day" 1 ), but the evaporation rates during the few days just before freezeup or just after ice breakup are significant

Indiana↗

USGS1972

Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1971

Water resources data for the 1971 water year for Indiana, including records of streamflow or reservoir storage at gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sites, and records of water-quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface water are given in this report. Records for a few pertinent gaging and water-quality stations in bordering States also are included. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of J. L. Cook, district chief. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

Indiana↗