Research about Indiana — Page 22

USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Wildcat Creek, Howard County, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Wildcat Creek was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. The model indicates that benthic-oxygen demand is the most significant factor affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentrations in Wildcat Creek during summer low flows. The Indiana stream dissolved-oxygen standard should be met if the Kokomo wastewater-treatment facility meets its current National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit restrictions (average monthly 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand of 5 milligrams per liter and maximum weekly 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand of 7.5 milligrams per liter) and benthic-oxygen demand becomes negligible. Ammonia-nitrogen toxicity may also be a water-quality limitation in Wildcat Creek. Ammonia-nitrogen waste loads for the Kokomo wastewater-treatment facility, projected by the Indiana State Board of Health, will result in stream ammonia-nitrogen concentrations that exceed the State standard (2.5 milligrams per liter during summer months and 4.0 milligrams per liter during winter months).

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USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Silver Creek, Clark and Floyd counties, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Silver Creek was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. Effluents from the Sellersburg and Clarksville-North wastewater-treatment facilities are the only point-source waste loads that significantly affect the water quality in the modeled segment of Silver Creek. Model simulations indicate that nitrification is the most significant factor affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentration in Silver Creek during summer and winter low flows. Natural streamflow in Silver Creek during the summer and annual 7-day, 10-year low flow is zero, so no benefit from dilution is provided. Present ammonia-nitrogen and dissolved-oxygen concentrations of effluent from the Sellersburg and Clarksville-North wastewater-treatment facilities will not meet current Indiana water-quality standards for ammonia toxicity and dissolved oxygen during summer and winter low flows. The current biochemical-oxygen-demand limits for the Sellersburg and Clarksville-North wastewater-treatment facilities are not sufficient to maintain an average dissolved-oxygen concentration of at least 5 milligrams per liter, the State's water-quality standard for streams. Calculations of the stream's assimilative capacity indicate that Silver Creek cannot assimilate additional waste loadings and meet current Indiana water-quality standards.

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USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Sand Creek, Decatur County, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Sand Creek was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. The Greensburg wastewater-treatment facility is the only point-source waste Load affecting Sand Creek in the vicinity of Greensburg. Nonpoint, unrecorded waste loads seemed to be significant during three water-quality surveys done by the Indiana State Board of Health. Natural streamflow in Sand Creek during the summer and annual 7-day, 10-year low flow is zero, so no benefit from dilution is provided. Current (1978) ammonia-nitrogen and dissolved-oxygen concentrations of effluent from the Greensburg wastewater-treatment facility will not meet Indiana stream water-quality standards for ammonia toxicity and dissolved oxygen. Model simulations indicate that benthic-oxygen demand, nitrification, and the dissolved-oxygen concentration of the wastewater effluent are the most significant factors affecting the in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentrations during summer low flows. The model predicts that with a benthic-oxygen demand of 1.5 grams per square meter per day at 20° Celsius the stream has no additional waste-load assimilative capacity. The model also indicates that if the deoxygenation rate for nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 day -1 at 20° Celsius and the in-stream ammonia-nitrogen toxicity standard is not exceeded, the minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration of the stream is primarily controlled by the dissolved-oxygen concentration of the wastewater effluent and the benthic-oxygen demand. If the deoxygenation rate for nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand is 3.5 day -1 or greater at 20° Celsius, then even with an effluent total ammonia-nitrogen concentration of 2.5 milligrams per liter the minimum 24-hour average in-stream dissolved-oxygen concentration of at least 5 milligrams per liter cannot be met during summer low flows. Current carbonaceous biochemical-oxygen demand loads from the Greensburg wastewater-treatment facility are sufficient to maintain an average dissolved-oxygen concentration of 5 milligrams per liter, the State's water-quality standard for streams during winter low flows.

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USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for West Fork Blue River, Washington County, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in West Fork Blue River was used to predict alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. Alternative waste loads that would permit instream dissolved-oxygen concentrations of at least 5.0 milligrams per liter for West Fork Blue River in Washington County, Ind., were determined. All point-source waste loads that potentially impact West Fork Blue River are in the town of Salem. The Salem municipal wastewater-treatment facility is the only facility in the modeled reach that has a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit to discharge organic waste. In-stream dissolved-oxygen concentration averaged 96.5 percent of saturation at selected sites on West Fork Blue River during two 24-hour summer surveys. This high dissolved-oxygen concentration reflects small carbonaceous and nitrogenous waste loads, adequate dilution of waste by the stream, and natural reaeration. Nonpoint source waste loads accounted for an average of 53.2 percent of the total carbonaceous biochemical-oxygen demand and 90.2 percent of the nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand. Waste-load assimilation was studied for both summer and annual 7-day, 10-year low flow. Natural streamflow for these conditions was zero, so no benefit from dilution was provided. The projected reaeration capacity of the stream was not sufficient to maintain at least 5 milligrams per liter dissolved oxygen in the stream with current waste-discharge restrictions. Consequently, during low flows, advanced waste treatment (nitrification-denitrification) or some other form of ammonia removal may be necessary to meet current Indiana stream water-quality standards for ammonia and dissolved oxygen. During winter low flow, ammonia toxicity, rather than dissolved-oxygen concentration, was the limiting water-quality criterion downstream from the Salem wastewater-treatment facility.

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USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for Clear Creek, Monroe County, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in Clear Creek was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. The Winston Thomas wastewater-treatment facility is the only point-source waste load affecting the modeled segment of Clear Creek. A new wastewater-treatment facility under construction at Dillman Road (river mile 23.78) will replace the Winston Thomas wastewater-treatment facility (river mile 16.96) in 1980. Natural streamflow during the summer and annual 7-day, 10-year low flows are zero, so no benefit from dilution is provided. The model indicates that ammonia-nitrogen toxicity is the most significant factor affecting the stream water quality during summer and winter low flows. The ammonia-nitrogen concentration of the wastewater effluent exceeds the maximum total ammonia-nitrogen concentrations of 2.5 milligrams per liter for summer months (June through August) and 4.0 milligrams per liter for winter months (November through March) required for Indiana streams. Nitrification, benthic-oxygen demand, and algal respiration were the most significant factors affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentration in Clear Creek during the model calibration. Nitrification should not significantly affect the dissolved-oxygen concentration in Clear Creek during summer low flows when the ammonia-nitrogen toxicity standards are met. Carbonaceous biochemical-oxygen demand is probably not a significant factor in the dissolved-oxygen dynamics of Clear Creek because most of the carbonaceous biochemical-oxygen demand was estimated to be removed through settling or some other process. The 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand of the effluent from the new wastewater-treatment facility at Dillman Road will be limited to 5 milligrams per liter after the implementation of advanced-waste treatment in 1980.

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USGS1979

A one-dimensional, steady-state, dissolved-oxygen model and waste-load assimilation study for the Mississinewa River, Grant County, Indiana

The Indiana State Board of Health is developing a State water-quality management plan that includes establishing limits for wastewater effluents discharged into Indiana streams. A digital model calibrated to conditions in the Mississinewa River was used to develop alternatives for future waste loadings that would be compatible with Indiana stream water-quality standards defined for two critical hydrologic conditions, summer and winter low flows. The hydrology of the Mississinewa River downstream from Gas City is controlled primarily by two factors: low slopes, typical of the Tipton Till Plain, and a 10-foot dam at river mile 35.90 in Marion. All point-source waste loads affecting the modeled segment of the Mississinewa River are in the four incorporated municipalities of Fairmount, Jonesboro, Gas City, and Marion, in a primarily agricultural area. Model simulations indicate that algal photosynthesis and nitrification are the most significant factors affecting the dissolved-oxygen concentration of the Mississinewa River during summer low flows. Natural reaeration, without photosynthesis, is not sufficient to maintain an average dissolved-oxygen concentration of at least 5 milligrams per liter in the stream, the State's water-quality standard. Projected carbonaceous and nitrogenous biochemical-oxygen demand loads, from the Indiana State Board of Health, for Owens-Illinois, Inc., and the Gas City and Marion wastewater-treatment facilities will result in violations of the in-stream dissolved-oxygen standard. Fairmount and Jonesboro, because of their distance from the Mississinewa, do not significantly affect the water quality of the modeled segment. Model simulations also indicate that, during winter low flows, ammonia toxicity, rather than dissolved oxygen, is the limiting water-quality criterion in the Mississinewa River downstream from the Gas City wastewater-treatment facility. Calculations of the stream's assimilative capacity indicate that future waste discharge in the Mississinewa River basin will probably be limited to the reach downstream from the Marion dam (river mile 35.90).

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USGS1979

Effects of seepage from fly-ash settling ponds and construction dewatering on ground-water levels in the Cowles unit, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana

Part of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore shares a common boundary with the Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO). This area is underlain by unconsolidated deposits approximately 180 feet thick. NIPSCO accumulates fly ash from the burning of coal in electric-power generating units in settling ponds. Seepage from the ponds has raised ground-water levels above natural levels approximately 15 feet under the ponds and more than 10 feet within the Lakeshore. NIPSCO is presently (1977) constructing a nuclear powerplant, and construction activities include pumping ground water to dewater the construction site. The company has installed a slurry wall around the site to prevent lowering of ground-water levels within the Lakeshore. Plans call for continuous pumping through at least December 1979. A multilayered digital flow model was constructed to simulate the ground-water system. The model was used to demonstrate the effects of seepage from the fly-ash ponds on ground-water levels. Also, the model indicated a decline of 3 feet or less in the upper sand unit and 5 feet or less in the lower sand unit within the Lakeshore.

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USGS1979

Geohydrologic setting of and seepage from a water-supply canal, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana

The Indianapolis Water Company Canal is underlain by alluvial and outwash deposits. The water level in the canal on July 21, 1978, was above the water table along the entire reach of the canal upstream from the Fall Creek aqueduct, and, therefore, water was seeping downward from the canal into these deposits along this entire reach. Because of the highly variable lithology of the deposits underlying the canal, the seepage rate was probably also highly variable. Discharge measurements were made at selected points along the canal, and differences between successive measurements were calculated to determine the rate of water loss. The differences were smaller than the potential error in any of the measurements, however, and thus do not directly substantiate that water is being lost. The rate of water loss over the Fall Creek aqueduct by the skimming process could be as high as 43 cubic feet per second, assuming a 5% potential error for discharge measurements made at both ends of the aqueduct. Lower stages and water temperatures would decrease the rate of water loss. Observed ground-water levels were above the canal bottom at three locations along the canal. Lowering these levels below the bottom would increase seepage by approximately 9 cubic feet per second.

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USGS1979

Effects of pumping on ground-water levels near Taylorsville, Bartholomew County, Indiana

A two-dimensional digital flow model was used to estimate the effects of continuous pumping of a public-supply well field on the ground-water levels near Taylorsville, Indiana. Results of the modeling showed that the water levels would decline from less than 1 to about 4.5 feet within the study area and a maximum of 1 to 2 feet in Taylorsville in response to a pumping rate of 700 gallons per minute. Model results also show that the ground-water system would reach steady state in approximately 5 years after pumping begins. Corrections applied to water-level declines indicated by the model, to account for the effects of partial penetration of the aquifer by wells, showed that these effects, although substantial in the pumping wells, are negligible 200 feet from the wells.

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USGS1979

Gazetteer of coal-mine lakes in southwestern Indiana

This gazetteer is a catalog of lakes formed by surface coal mining in southwestern Indiana that are 0.5 acre or larger and in nonactive mine areas. Approximately 1,000 of the lakes are listed by 7.5-minute quadrangle topographic-map name, lake-identifica tion number, latitude and longitude, and county. Other data given are shape of lake, maximum length, mean width, length and development of shoreline, surface area, orienta tion, presence of a stream inlet or outlet, and geologic data (geologic formation of area surrounding the lake and the mined coal-bed member). Field data (sampling date, pH, specific conductance, apparent color of lake, and general vegetation along the shoreline) were collected for 287 of the lakes. Two-hundred eighty-seven lakes were sampled once for pH and specific conductance. Vegetation along the shoreline and apparent color of each lake were identified at the same time. Although these data are not sufficient to quantify the water quality of the lakes, they do illustrate the variability of these characteristics. The pH of the 287 lakes ranged from 2.5 to 10.0; however, the pH of 80 percent of them ranged from 6 to 9. Specific conductance ranged from 99 to 3,800 micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius. Specific conductance for approximately 70 percent of the lakes in the Staunton and Brazil Formations was less than 500 micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius, but for approximately 65 percent in the Dugger and Petersburg Formations it was greater than 1,000 micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius. The apparent colors of the lakes observed were varying shades of aqua, blue, brown, lime green, red, and green. Eighty percent of the lakes sampled were green. Lake sizes ranged from a chosen minimum of 0.5 acre to a maximum of 344 acres. Maximum length ranged from 0.1 to 2 miles, and the mean width was generally less than 0.8 mile.

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USGS1978

A water-quality assessment of the Busseron Creek watershed, Sullivan, Vigo, Greene, and Clay counties, Indiana

Chemical quality of surface water in the 237-square mile Busseron Creek watershed is significantly affected by drainage from coal mines and municipalities. Drainage from coal mines is primarily a problem of higher than normal dissolved-solids concentration, whereas, drainage from municipalities is generally a problem of bacteria and phytoplankton. Generally, the water is calcium bicarbonate type, except in streams affected by drainage from coal mines, where the water is a mixed calcium and magnesium sulfate type. Ranges of concentration (in milligrams per liter) of dissolved solids and of some of the chemical constituents dissolved in streams from September 1975 to July 2976 were: dissolved solids, from 104 to 2, 610; iron, from 0.00 to 150; sulfate, from 14 to 1,900; chloride, from 3.3 to 130; nitrate (as nitrogen), from 0.01 to 5.3; phosphate (as phosphorus), from 0.1 to 1.7; and total organic carbon, from 2.4 to 60. Range of pH was from 2.7 to 9.6. Highest concentrations of iron and sulfate and lowest pH values were measured at sites draining areas mined for coal. Highest concentrations of chloride, phosphate, and total organic carbon were at sites downstream from municipalities. Ranges of concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons (in micrograms per kilogram) detected in bed material of streams were: aldrin, from 0.2 to 0.4; chlordane, from 0 to 13; DDE, from 0.0 to 0.3; dieldrin, from 0.0 to 9.8; and heptachlor epoxide, from 0 to 1.0. Source of these materials is probably drainage from croplands. Streams draining municipalities were affected by human wastes and had high populations of fecal coliform bacteria (as many as 46,000 colonies per 100 ml) and phytoplankton (as many as 190,000 cells per milliliter). Dissolved-oxygen concentration ranged from 2.8 to 15.0 milligrams per liter (from 26 to 194 percent of saturation).

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USGS1978

A water-quality assessment of the Muddy Fork Silver Creek watershed, Clark, Floyd, and Washington counties, Indiana

Data collected for a wide range of flow conditions from September 8, 1975, to July 13, 1976, reveal that human and animal waste loading of streams and pesticide use in the watershed are probably the most significant water-quality problems. Generally, the type(s) of water in tributary streams in the south and southwest parts of the watershed was calcium bicarbonate and in other tributaries were calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. Dissolved-solids concentrations of discharge from top-spill reservoirs were lower and more consistent over a range of flows than concentrations from uncontrolled streams. Chemical characteristics of discharges from bottom-draw reservoirs differed from those of discharges from the other reservoirs. More than half the manganese concentrations equaled or exceeded 0.05 milligrams per liter, the maximum concentration recommended for domestic water supplies. Leaf fall in forested parts of the watershed are probably a source of this manganese. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentration of streams ranged from 0.00 to 2.5 milligrams per liter; orthophosphate (as phosphorus), from 0.00 to 0.29 milligrams per liter, and total organic carbon, from 2.0 to 14 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria and fecal streptococcal bacteria ranged from 5 to 65,000 colonies per 100 milliliters and from 5 to 24,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Occasional human-waste contamination is indicated downstream from the towns of Borden and Speed. Data on periphyton, phytoplankton, and benthic communities collected during low flow in September 1975 indicate organic loading of Muddy Fork downstream from the town of Speed. Phytoplankton community structures varied temporally and spatially. Ranges of concentration of various chlorinated hydrocarbons in samples of bed materials (in micrograms per kilogram) were: chlordane, from 0 to 14; DDT, from 0 to 19; and PCB's, from 0 to 11. Concentrations of aldrin, DDD, DDE, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide of 5.1 micrograms per kilogram or less were also detected. The presence of these compounds makes them potentially available for accumulation in the biological food chain.

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USGS1978

Water-quality assessment of the Middle Fork Anderson River watershed, Crawford and Perry counties, Indiana

Surface-water quality in the watershed is generally good except for problem-causing concentrations of bacteria, dissolved oxygen, and phosphorus at some sites along the main stem during low flow and manganese at most sites year-round. Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 76 to 248 milligrams per liter. Concentrations at sites upstream from reservoirs were greater than those at sites downstream during medium and low flows, but concentrations at sites upstream and downstream were similar during high flow. Calcium and bicarbonate ions were dominant at most sites during low flows, whereas these ions were codominant with magnesium and sulfate at most sites during high flows. Dissolved-oxygen concentration ranged from 2.1 to 11.6 milligrams per liter or from 21 to 124 percent of saturation. Low concentrations were associated with the main stem of the river during low flows when sluggish, pooled conditions prevailed. Concentrations of certain inorganic constituents (including nutrients) were as follows: Dissolved-manganese concentration ranged from 0.02 to 7.3 milligrams per liter. The concentrations were generally higher at sites downstream from reservoirs than at sites upstream and was greater than the problem-causing level 0.05 milligrams per liter at most sites. The high manganese concentrations are probably associated with organic acids in the streams. Dissolved-nitrate concentration (as nitrogen) ranged from 0.03 to 3.3 milligrams per liter, the highest concentrations occurring during winter and spring in drainage from areas of the most intense cultivation. Dissolved-phosphorus concentrations were typically 0.03 milligrams per liter or less, except at one site in September 1975, when the concentration was 0.12 milligrams per liter, and at three sites in July 1976, when concentrations were 0.12, 0.41, and 0.58 milligrams per liter. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in bed material from two of the three sites sampled. Two micrograms or less per kilogram aldrin, DDT, DDD, DDE, dieldrin, and (or) chlordane and as much as 15 micrograms per kilogram PCB compounds were detected. Suspended-sediment concentration ranged from 1 to 148 milligrams per liter. Concentrations in two sites downstream from reservoirs were higher for medium and low flows and, despite large changes in flow, were considerably more consistent than the concentrations at two sites unaffected by reservoirs. Concentrations of fecal-coliform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria ranged from 5 to 9,900 and from 10 to 15,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Source of high counts (more than 2,000 colonies per 100 milliliters) is probably livestock upstream from sampling sites. Diversity indices (genera level) 2.7 and 2.5 at the two sites sampled for benthic invertebrates indicate healthy biologic communities at both sites. Diversity indices (genera level) of the phytoplankton populations at seven sites ranged from 1.4 to 3.3. The phytoplankton populations were generally well balanced except for stressed communities at two mainstem sites during the September sampling.

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USGS1978

Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1977

Water resources data for the 1977 water year for Indiana consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 191 gaging stations; stage and contents for 12 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 31 gaging stations; and water levels for 50 observation wells. Also included are 124 crest-stage partial-record stations, 50 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

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USGS1978

Hydraulic characteristics of the White River streambed and glacial-outwash deposits at a site near Indianapolis, Indiana

An aquifer test was made in the glacial-outwash aquifer along the course of the White River in Marion County, Ind., to establish the hydraulic characteristics of this unit and the hydraulic conductivity of the White River streambed at a site 11 kilometers south of the center of downtown Indianapolis. In the immediate vicinity of the site, at a depth of about 15 meters below land surface, a clay lens separates the outwash aquifer into an upper sand and gravel unit 12 m thick and a lower unit 8.5 m thick. At the site of the test well, the clay lens is 3.0 m thick. The test was made in the upper sand and gravel unit, and data were analyzed for an assumed condition of no, or at least negligible, transient leakage from the clay lens underlying this unit. As no observation wells were installed in the clay lens, this assumption cannot be directly substantiated. However, observation wells beneath the clay lens indicated that a head loss was not induced below the clay lens by the test well, and the closeness of the values obtained for transmissivity of the upper unit by three different methods strongly supports the assumption. Results of the test include for the upper unit: lateral hydraulic conductivity, 108 meters per day; range of transmissivity (determined by three techniques), from 1400 to 1670 meters squared per day; specific yield, 0.08; and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the streambed, 2.2 m/d. These results should be of use in assessing the potential supply and in developing one of Indiana's major aquifer systems because a knowledge of aquifer characteristics is essential for proper design and spacing of wells.

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USGS1977

A water-quality assessment of the Bailey-Cox-Newtson Watershed, Starke County, Indiana

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

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USGS1977

A water-quality assessment of the Feather Creek watershed, Vermillion County, Indiana

Chemical quality of surface water within the Feather Creek watershed is generally good. However, fecal bacteria concentrations are high enough to represent a potential problem, especially because of the high water-contact recreation proposed for the future reservoir. Chemical analyses of surface-water samples collected on October 9, 1974, and periodically from October 1, 1975, to September 28, 1976, show that the water was calcium bicarbonate type at all sites except one, where it was calcium sulfate. Range of dissolved-solids concentration was from 290 to 1,080 milligrams per liter. Ranges of concentrations (in milligrams per liter) of some of the dissolved constituents in water were: nitrate (as nitrogen), from 0.01 to 6.9; phosphate (as phosphorous), from 0.01 to 0.14; and total organic carbon, from 2.5 to 16. Concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria and fecal streptococci bacteria ranged from 60 to 6,700 and 70 to 18,000 colonies per 100 milliliters, respectively. Concentrations of dieldrin in bed materials from two sites was 0.4 microgram per liter, but aldrin, chlordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, Toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), and polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) compounds were not detected. Navicula sp and Scenedesmus sp dominated the phydoplankton community at the site sampled and indicated an environment lacking in organic enrichment. Cladaphora sp dominated the periphyton community sampled. Benthic invertebrates sampled were mostly caddis flies (Cheumatopsyche sp) and midges (Orthocladius sp) and had a diversity index of 2.3, which indicates some organic enrichment of the stream.

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USGS1977

Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1976

Water resources data for the 1976 water year for Indiana consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This report contains discharge records for 192 gaging stations; stage and contents for 12 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 36 gaging stations; and water levels for 47 observation wells. Also included are 119 crest-stage partial-record stations, 49 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Indiana.

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