Geology topics
Research about Hawaii
Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Hawaii.
Geological map of the Alenaio-Waipahoehoe Stream area, south Hilo District, Hawaii
No abstract available.
Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas: Volume 1. Hawaii
Volume 1 of water resources data for the 1981 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 106 gaging stations; water quality for 11 gaging stations, 103 partial-record flow stations, and 150 wells; and water levels for 21 observation wells. Also included are 106 crest-stage partial-record stations and 19 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.
Water Resources Data Hawaii, other Pacific Areas, water year 1981: Volume 2. Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau Islands and American Samoa
Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1981 water year for other Pacific areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage of a reservoir; and water levels in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 41 gaging stations; stage only record for 2 gaging stations; water quality for 3 gaging stations, 39 partial-record stations; water temperature for 60 gaging stations; and water levels for 10 observation wells. Also included are 47 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas.
Status and distribution of ants in the Crater District of Haleakala National Park
The Crater District of Haleakala National Park was surveyed for ants. Three species were found. Argentine ants (Iridomyrmex humilis) occurred only within I km of the park headquarters and the nearby research facility. Hypoponera opaciceps was found in small numbers throughout the Crater District. Cardiocondyla emeryi was present only at the head of Kaupo Gap. Possible impacts of these ant species on the endemic, flightless insects of the park are discussed.
Lakes and lake-like waters of the Hawaiian Archipelago
This summary of Hawaiian lacustrine limnology is based on 12 years of field and literature surveys of archipelagic inland waters. Lakes here are distinguished from other standing waters by limits on surface oceanic area (> 0.1 ha) and depth (> 2 m), and by the absence of flatural surface oceanic connection. A variety of extinct and existing water bodies, sometimes referred to as lakes, are noted. Six lakes are described. Five of them are in crater basins, 3 are freshwater, and 2 are elevated (highest = 3969 m). The scarcity of elevated lakes results from general permeability of the substrata. Among the 6 lakes, surface areas range from 0.22 to 88 ha and maximum depths from 3 to 248 m. Naturally occurring aquatic biota generally is low in species diversity except for phytoplankton; fishes and submersed vascular plants are absent. Two lowland lakes, freshwater Green (Wai a Pele) and saline Kauhak6, are described for the first time. Profundal Kauhak6, 248 m deep, has a surface area of only 0.35 ha, which results in an extraordinary relative depth of 370%. It is permanently stratified, a condition apparently due primarily to the unique morphometry of its basin.
Effects of abundant species on the ability of observers to make accurate counts of birds
No abstract available.
Summary of available data on surface water, state of Hawaii - Volume 1: Island of Kauai
No abstract available.
Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii
Ground-water reservoirs impounded by volcanic dikes receive a substantial part of the total recharge to ground water on the island of Oahu because they generally underlie the rainiest areas. They accumulate the infiltration from rainfall, store it temporarily, and steadily leak it to abutting basal reservoirs or to streams cutting into them. The dike reservoirs have high hydraulic heads and are mostly isolated from saline water. The most important and productive of the dike-impounded reservoirs occur in an area of about 135 square miles in the main fissure zone of the Koolau volcano where the top of the dike-impounded water reaches an altitude of at least 1,000 feet. Water is impounded and stored both above and below sea level. The water stored above sea level in the area of about 135 square miles has been roughly estimated at 560 billion gallons by using a mean water level of 400 feet and a mean specific yield of 0.05. In comparison, the water stored above sea level in reservoirs with a mean water level of 300 feet and mean specific yield of 0.03 underlying a dike-intruded area of about 53 square miles in the Waianae Range has been roughly estimated at 100 billion gallons. Storage below sea level is indeterminable, owing to uncertainties in the ability of the rock to store water resulting from increasing dike density and decreasing porosity. Total leakage from storage in the WaLanae Range has not been estimated because underflow is difficult to determine. Much of the surface leakage, about 4 Mgal/d in the upper parts of Waianae, Makaha, and Lualualei Valleys, has been diverted by tunnels. Hence, supplies available, other than surface leakage, cannot be estimated from the discharge end of the hydrologic cycle. Infiltration in the Waianae Range to dike-intruded reservoirs in the upper part of the valleys on the west (leeward) side has been estimated at about 20 Mgal/d, and on the east (windward) side, at about 10 Mgal/d. The available supply has been estimated at about 15 Mgal/d from the infiltration on the leeward side, of which about 4 Mgal/d is now being developed. No estimate has been made for the available supply on the windward side. Dike-intruded reservoirs at shallow depths west (lee side) of the crest are in upper Makaha, Waianae, and Lualualei Valleys. They are at moderate depths in upper Haleanu and in lower Kaukonahua Gulches on the east (windward) side. Flow hydraulics in dike tunnels is also discussed.
Seismicity of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 1960 to 1980
No abstract available.
Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 1. Hawaii
Volume 1 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 109 gaging stations; water quality for 10 gaging stations, 103 partial-record flow stations, and 156 wells; and water levels for 22 observation wells. Also included are 109 crest-stage partial-record stations and 19 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.
Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1980: Volume 2. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Mariana Islands
Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1980 water year for other Pacific areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage of a reservoir; and water levels in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 41 gaging stations; stage only record for 1 gaging station; water quality for 1 gaging station, 49 partial-record stations; water temperature for 23 gaging stations; water levels for 13 observation wells; tide level for 1 tide station; and 7 water level less tide level tables. Also included are 33 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas.
The status and distribution of ants in the Crater District of Haleakala National Park
The Crater District of Haleakala National Park was surveyed for ants. Three species were found. Argentine ants (Iridomyrmex humilis) occurred only within I km of the park headquarters and the nearby research facility. Hypoponera opaciceps was found in small numbers throughout the Crater District. Cardiocondyla emeryi was present only at the head of Kaupo Gap. Possible impacts of these ant species on the endemic, flightless insects of the park are discussed.
Consumer trophic relations in a tropical insular estuary
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Environmental features and macrofauna of Kahana Estuary, Oahu, Hawaii
Lack of ecological information on Hawaiian estuaries prompted an intensive 2-year study of a small (5.7 ha) stream-mouth estuary on windward Oahu. Water quality and macrofauna were sampled weekly at seven stations. The water mass was strongly stratified vertically except during freshets. Average values for water column temperature and bottom salinity were 23.2°C and 12‰ at the head to 28.3°C and 28‰ at the mouth. Dissolved oxygen saturation in the water column varied from about 50% at night to 140% in the afternoon. Usually, bottom waters were 3–6°C warmer than surface waters and sometimes showed severe oxygen depletion. Macrofauna, collected primarily by seining, consisted mainly of decapod crustaceans (four species of crabs, seven species of shrimps) and fishes (24 species). Other typical estuarine taxons (mollusks, barnacles, polychaetes) were scarce or absent. Diversity increased seaward from 14 species near the estuary head to 29 species near the mouth. Three species of crustaceans and six of fishes were captured at all stations. Most abundant were the native prawn, Macrobrachium grandimanus , and mullet, Mugil cephalus . Perennially resident adults occurred among crustaceans and gobioid fishes; most other fishes were present as juveniles and sporadic adults. Comparisons with other data suggest that more than 50 species of native fishes may occur in Hawaiian estuaries, and that estuarine macrofaunal diversity on oceanic islands is much lower than on continents at similar latitudes.