Low-flow profiles of the upper Chattahoochee River and tributaries in Georgia
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Geology topics
Research about Georgia
Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Georgia.
Atmospheric deposition effects on the chemistry of a stream in Northeastern Georgia
The quantity and quality of precipitation and streamwater were measured from August 1985 through September 1986 in the Brier Creek watershed, a 440-ha drainage in the Southern Blue Ridge Province of northeastern Georgia, to determine stream sensitivity to acidic deposition. Precipitation samples collected at 2 sites had a volume-weighted average pH of 4.40 whereas stream samples collected near the mouth of Brier Creek had a discharge-weighted average pH of 6.70. Computed solute fluxes through the watershed and observed changes in streamwater chemistry during storm flow suggest that cation exchange, mineral weathering, SO 4 2− adsorption by the soil, and groundwater discharge to the stream are probable factors affecting neutralization of precipitation acidity. Net solute fluxes for the watershed indicate that, of the precipitation input, > 99% of the H + , 93% of the NH 4 + and NO 3 − , and 77% of the SO 4 2− were retained. Sources within the watershed yielded base cations, Cl − , and HCO 3 − and accounted for 84, 47, and 100% of the net transport, respectively. Although streamwater SO 4 2− and NO 3 − concentrations increased during stormflow, peak concentrations of these anions were much less than average concentrations in the precipitation. This suggests retention of these solutes occurs even when water residence time is short.
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Geochemical survey of the Tray Mountain Roadless Area, northern Georgia
The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral values, if any, that might be present. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and to the Congress. This report presents the results of a geochemical survey of the Tray Mountain Roadless Area (08-030) in the Chattahoochee National Forest, in Rabun, Habersham, Towns, and White Counties, Georgia. The area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
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U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Georgia
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Ground-water data for Georgia, 1987
This report was prepared in cooperation with the State of Georgia; Chatham County; Glynn County; the cities of Brunswick and Valdosta; and the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission. This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by dedicated personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey who collected, compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who edited and assembled the report. In addition to the authors, who had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to Geological Survey policy and established guidelines, the following individuals contributed significantly to the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data:
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Water resources data for Georgia, water year 1987
Water resources data for the 1987 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation quality. This report contains discharge records of 115 gaging stations; stage for 17 gaging stations; stage and contents for 18 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 111 continuing-record stations; water-quality for 1 miscellaneous station; peak stage and discharge only for 105 crest-stage partial-record stations and 30 miscellaneous sites; water levels of 26 observation wells and water quality for 1 precipitation-quality site. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Georgia.
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Low-flow profiles of the upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and ' 7Q10 flow profiles ' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval)(7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all streams reaches of the Upper Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers and tributaries where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the third in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the Georgia part of the Savannah River basin from its headwaters down to and including McBean Creek, and Brier Creek from its headwaters down to and including Boggy Gut Creek. It also includes the Ogeechee River from its headwaters down to and including Big Creek, and Rocky Comfort Creek (tributary to Ogeechee River) down to the Glascock-Jefferson County line. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)
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Low-flow profiles of the upper Oconee River and tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and ' 7Q10 flow profiles ' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval)(7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all streams reaches of the Upper Oconee River and tributaries in Georgia where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the second in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the Oconee River basin down to and including Camp Creek at stream mile 134.53, Town Creek in Baldwin and Hancock Counties down to County Road 213-141, and Buffalo Creek in Hancock County down to the Hancock-Washington County line. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)
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Low-flow profiles of the Tennessee River tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a compilation of available low flow data in the form of tables and '7Q10 flow profiles' (minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-yr recurrence interval) (7Q10 flow plotted against distance along a stream channel) for all stream reaches of the Tennessee River tributaries where sufficient data of acceptable accuracy are available. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins larger than 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. This report is the fifth in a series of reports that will cover all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. It includes the parts of the Tennessee River basin in Georgia. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent other than natural flow conditions. The 7-day minimum flow profile was omitted for stream reaches where natural flow was known to be altered significantly. (Lantz-PTT)
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Low-flow profiles of the Tallapoosa River and tributaries in Georgia
Low flow information is provided for use in an evaluation of the capacity of streams to permit withdrawals or to accept waste loads without exceeding the limits of State water quality standards. The report is the fourth in a series of reports presenting the results of a low flow study of all stream basins north of the Fall Line in Georgia. This report covers the part of the Tallapoosa River basin in the Piedmont province of Georgia. The low flow characteristic presented is the minimum average flow for 7 consecutive days with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10). The data are presented in tables and shown graphically as ' low flow profiles ' (low flow plotted against distance along a stream channel), and as ' drainage area profiles ' (drainage area plotted against distance along a stream channel). Low flow profiles were constructed by interpolation or extrapolation from points of known low flow data. Low flow profiles are included for all stream reaches where low flow data of sufficient accuracy are available to justify computation of the profiles. Drainage area profiles are included for all stream basins > 5 sq mi, except for those in a few remote areas. Flow records were not adjusted for diversions or other factors that cause measured flows to represent conditions other than natural flow. (Author 's abstract)
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Ethylene dibromide (EDB) trends in the upper Floridan Aquifer, Seminole County, Georgia, October 1981 to November 1987
Results of an investigation to assess the persistence and trends of ethylene dibromide (EDB) in the Upper Floridan aquifer, in Georgia indicate that in November 1987, EDB was present in the groundwater 4 years after it was last applied as a soil fumigant in the intensively farmed area of central Seminole County. At that time, EDB was detected in water samples from one domestic well and four irrigation wells. Concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 micrograms/L to 3.3 micrograms/L. The investigation in November 1987 revealed the groundwater contamination was limited to the 4-sq-mi area in the vicinity of Buck Hole, a sinkhole in a swampy depression in the central part of the County. In three of the five wells in which EDB was detected, concentrations have not changed significantly since August 1983. However, in one irrigation well near Buck Hole, the concentration decreased from 110 to 0.7 microgram/L since October 1981. In another irrigation well near Buck Hole, the concentration decreased from 26 to about 2.5 microgram/L during that period. The groundwater level data indicate that from Buck Hole, the hydraulic gradient in the Upper Floridan aquifer is about 2.8 ft/mi toward the east. However, the movement of EDB from the area of relatively high concentration near Buck Hole in the direction of inferred flow lines is not apparent. Although concentration gradients were not detected along flow lines, the movement of water induced by pumping wells W4 and W5 produced short-term decreasing and increasing trends in EDB Concentrations in wells W4 and W5, respectively. (USGS)
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Presence and potential significance of aromatic-ketone groups in aquatic humic substances
Aquatic humic- and fulvic-acid standards of the International Humic Substances Society were characterized, with emphasis on carbonyl-group nature and content, by carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, proton nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. After comparing spectral results of underivatized humic and fulvic acids with spectral results of chemically modified derivatives, that allow improved observation of the carbonyl group, the data clearly indicated that aromatic ketone groups comprised the majority of the carbonyl-group content. About one ketone group per monocyclic aromatic ring was determined for both humic and fulvic acids. Aromatic-ketone groups were hypothesized to form by photolytic rearrangements and oxidation of phenolic ester and hydrocarbon precursors; these groups have potential significance regarding haloform formation in water, reactivity resulting from active hydrogen of the methyl and methylene adjacent to the ketone groups, and formation of hemiketal and lactol structures. Aromatic-ketone groups also may be the point of attachment between aliphatic and aromatic moieties of aquatic humic-substance structure.
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Seismicity map of the state of Georgia
This map is one of a series of seimicity maps produced by the U.S. Geological Survey that show earthquake data of individual states or groups of states at the scale of 1:1,000,000. This map shows only those earthquakes with epicenters located within the boundaries of Georgia, even though earthquakes in nearby states or countries may have been felt or may have caused damage in Georgia.
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Geochemical survey and mineral resource assessment of the Worley Ridge Roadless Area, Rabun County, Georgia
The Worley Ridge Roadless Area includes about 3,000 acres of Chattahoochee National Forest land in Rabun County, Ga. The area is underlain mostly by meta-arkose of the Tallulah Falls Formation that grades upward into a mixed-rock unit of interlayered mica schist, amphibolite, and metasandstone in the northwest corner. Abundant rock suitable for rough building stone and crushed rock, and an estimated 3,400 short tons (3,000 metric tons) of coarse-grained kyanite in soil and alluvial deposits are the only identified mineral resources. Oil and gas have an unknown potential. All surface and mineral rights are under Federal ownership.
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Ground-water data for Georgia, 1986
Continuous water level records from 152 wells and water level measurements from an additional 750 wells in Georgia during 1986 provide the basic data for this report. Hydrographs for selected wells illustrate the effects that changes in recharge and discharge have had on the groundwater reservoirs in the State. Daily mean water levels are shown in hydrographs for 1986. Monthly mean water levels are shown for the 10-yr period 1977-86. During 1986, a prolonged drought resulted in water level declines throughout the State. Annual mean water levels were from 2.7 ft higher to 17.3 ft lower than in 1985, and record lows were measured in 33 wells in the summer and fall. The 1986 lows were from 0.02 ft to 29.2 ft lower than the previous record lows. The largest declines were measured in the Clayton aquifer in the southwestern part of the State. The declines can be attributed to reduced recharge and increased pumping that resulted from below-normal precipitation during the first half of the year. Water quality samples are collected periodically throughout Georgia and analyzed as part of areal and regional groundwater studies. Periodic monitoring of water quality in the Savannah and Brunswick areas indicates that the chloride concentration in the Upper Floridan aquifer there generally has remained stable. (USGS)
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Water resources activities, Georgia District, 1986
The U.S. Geological Survey, through its Water Resources Division , investigates the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of the surface and underground water that composes the Nation 's water resources. Much of the work is a cooperative effort in which planning and financial support are shared by state and local governments and other federal agencies. This report contains a brief description of the water-resources investigations in Georgia in which the Geological Survey participates, and a list of selected references. Water-resources data for the 1985 water year for Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and reservoirs; and groundwater levels. These data include discharge records for 108 gaging stations; water quality for 43 continuous stations, 109 periodic stations, and miscellaneous sites; peak stage and discharge only for 130 crest-stage partial-record stations and 44 miscellaneous sites; and water levels of 27 observation wells. Nineteen Georgia District projects are summarized. (Lantz-PTT)
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Flood-flow characteristics of Nancy Creek at Georgia Highway 400 extension near Atlanta, Georgia
The Highway Division, Georgia Department of Transportation, plans the extension of Georgia Highway 400 from Interstate 285 southward to Interstate 85. As part of this extension, the Highway Division plans construction of a bridge crossing Nancy Creek near Atlanta, Georgia. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Highway Division, determined the flood flow characteristics of Nancy Creek near the bridge crossing. The flood frequency, elevation discharge relation, flood profiles, floodway, and flood flow effects were determined. The maximum backwater effect for the proposed bridge and relocated channel was 0.2 ft for the 100-yr flood. The relocated channel will drastically shorten flow length near the proposed State Highway 400 extension and reduce the 100-yr flood elevation between one and two ft from existing conditions between the proposed site and Windsor Parkway. (Author's abstract)
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