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Research about Florida

Source-linked reports with geographic coverage including Florida.

At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989. Volume 1A: Northeast Florida surface water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 7:3 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 798 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2,687 wells; quality-of-water data for 149 surface-water sites and 827 wells. The data for northeast Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 122 streams, periodic discharge for 27 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 30 streams, continuous or daily stage for 38 streams, continuous or daily tide stage for 3 sites, periodic stage for 2 streams, peak discharge for 17 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 41 lakes, periodic elevations for 53 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 85 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 150 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 950 wells; quality-of-water data for 60 surface-water sites and 100 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989. Volume 2A. South Florida surface water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 72 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic groundwater levels for 514 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 2,678 wells; quality of water data for 149 surface water sites and 827 wells. The data for South Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 61 streams, continuous or daily stage for 80 streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous ground-water levels for 220 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 320 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 329 wells; quality-of-water for 3 surface water sites and 545 wells. This data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989. Volume 2B: South Florida - ground water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams, continuous or daily elevations for 72 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 514 wells, and miscellaneous water level measurements for 2,678 wells; quality of water data for 149 surface-water sites and 827 wells. The data for South Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 61 streams, continuous or daily stage for 80 streams, continuous elevation for 1 lake; continuous ground-water levels for 220 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 320 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 329 wells; quality-of-water for 3 surface-water sites and 545 wells. This data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperation local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989. Volume 3A: Southwest Florida surface water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 73 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 798 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2687 wells; quality-of-water data for 149 surface-water sites and 827 wells. The data for southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3A contains continuous or daily discharge for 59 streams, periodic discharge for 4 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 3 streams, continuous daily stage for 24 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 10 sites, periodic stage for 1 stream, peak discharge for 30 streams, continuous elevation for 21 lakes and periodic elevation for 16 lakes, and quality-of-water for 71 surface-water sites. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U. S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1989: Volume 3B: Southwest Florida ground water

Water resources data for the 1989 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 295 streams, periodic discharge for 36 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 154 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 57 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 73 lakes, periodic elevations for 72 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 514 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 798 wells and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 2687 wells; quality-of-water data for 149 surface-water sites and 827 wells. The data for southwest Florida include records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, water quality of lakes and reservoirs, and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. Volume 3B contains records for continuous ground-water elevations for 200 wells; periodic ground-water elevations at 126 wells; miscellaneous ground-water elevations at 47 wells; and water quality at 167 ground-water sites. These data represent the national Water Data System records collected by the U. S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state, and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990: Volume 1B: Northeast Florida ground water

Water resources data for the 1990 water year in Florida consist of continuous or daily discharge for 349 streams, periodic discharge for 40 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 105 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, periodic stage for 25 streams, peak discharge for 41 streams, and peak stage for 40 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 70 lakes, periodic elevations for 70 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 441 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1,229 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 1,908 wells; quality-of-water data for 145 surface-water sites and 799 wells. The data for northeast Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 164 streams, periodic discharge for 27 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 22 streams, continuous or daily stage for 2 streams, continuous or daily tide stage for 3 sites, periodic stage for 13 streams, peak discharge for 17 streams, and peak stage for 30 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 41 lakes, periodic elevations for 53 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 76 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 161 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 878 wells; quality-of-water data for 51 surface-water sites and 78 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, state and federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Water resources data, Florida, water year 1990: Volume 4: Northwest Florida

Water resources data for the 1990 water year in Florida consists of continuous or daily discharge for 349 streams, periodic discharge for 40 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 75 streams, continuous or daily stage for 105 streams, periodic stage for 25 streams, peak discharge for 41 streams, continuous daily tide stage for 12 sites, and peak stage for 40 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 70 lakes, periodic elevations for 70 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 441 wells, periodic ground-water levels for 1229 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 1908 wells; quality-of-water data for 145 surface-water sites and 799 wells. The data for northwest Florida include continuous or daily discharge for 50 streams, periodic discharge for 0 streams, miscellaneous discharge for 53 streams, continuous or daily stage for 11 streams, peak discharge and stage for 7 streams; continuous or daily elevations for 6 lakes, and periodic elevations for 3 lakes; continuous ground-water levels for 0 wells, and periodic ground-water levels for 20 wells, and miscellaneous water-level measurements for 140 wells; quality of water for 14 surface-water sites and 0 wells. These data represent the National Water Data System records collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating local, State, and Federal agencies in Florida.

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USGS1990

Vegetative changes in a wetland in the vicinity of a well field, Dade County, Florida

Plant communities present in 1978 and 1986 were analyzed at 250 random points on stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs for four study sites in the vicinity of the Northwest Well Field in Dade County, Florida. Sites NW and NE lie northwest of the well field beyond the cone of depression. Site SW lies in the outer part of the cone, and site SE lies within the cone of depression. Relative frequency values for several plant types including herbs, shrubs-small trees, and trees were analyzed by the Heterogeneity G-test to determine heterogeneity among sites in 1978 and 1986. In 1978, all four sites were dominated by plant communities having herbs, shrubs, or a mixture thereof. The communities at sites NW and NE were similar, and those at SE and SW were somewhat similar. In 1986, sites NW, NE, and SE were dominated by a mixture of shrubs and trees. Only at site SW was the relative frequency of occurrence of herbaceous plants still high. At each site, there was a decrease in herbaceous vegetation and an increase in woody vegetation during this period, with the increase in trees being greatest at site SE. Time between the start of the well-field operation in May 1983 and the January 1986 photographs was insufficient to allow determination of any direct effects of the well field on the vegetation. Ground-level observations in 1987 and 1988 indicate a trend toward continued increase in dominance of woody plants and a decrease in herbaceous wetland vegetation. Development of a forest of the exotic pest tree melaleuca is occurring at all four sites, but especially at site SE. Vegetative changes between 1978 and 1986 are attributed to an invasion of the exotic species melaleuca, a shortened hydroperiod, and natural succession within the plant communities.

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USGS1990

Water-resources potential of the freshwater lens at Key West, Florida

The island of Key West lies at the end of the Florida Keys, about 150 miles southwest of Miami. The public-water supply for the island is provided by the Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority Well Field near Miami. However, there are many privately owned wells on the island that tap the local fresh ground-water lens for potable and nonpotable water supply. The number of people who use water from the wells for drinking purposes is unknown. From 1985 to 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, conducted an investigation to characterize the Key West freshwater lens. Observation wells were drilled to determine the extent of the lens and to characterize the water quality. Previous well logs and well-core data collected during the investigation showed the aquifer to be a highly permeable, porous, solution-riddled, oolitic limestone that allows rainfall recharge to quickly seep into the ocean and saltwater to easily intrude the aquifer. The small freshwater lens (250 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration, or less) averages 5 feet in thickness below the center of the western half (Old Town) of the island. The lens contains about 20 million gallons of fresh-water during the dry season and about 30 million gallons during the wet season. Underlying the freshwater lens is a transition zone of freshwater-saltwater mix that extends to the saltwater interface (19,000 milligrams per liter of chloride concentration), which is about 40-feet deep at the center of the lens. The water table fluctuates and the configuration of the lens constantly changes, largely as a result of tidal effects. Other events, such as rainfall, pumping, and evapotranspiration, are masked by the tidal effects. The freshwater lens is a calcium bicarbonate water that grades to a sodium chloride type near the saltwater interface. Elevated concentrations of nitrate nitrogen were found in water samples from wells in the Old Town district. However, concentrations generally were not above the maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter for drinking water established by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. Water samples near an old land-fill in the eastern half of the island had concentrations of iron (600-1,900 micrograms per liter) and lead (40-800 micrograms per liter) that extended maximum contaminant levels of 300 and 50 micrograms per liter. These trace-element concentrations generally decreased with distance from the landfill. Although the freshwater lens is a potential source of water for additional nonpotable water needs in Key West, any large-scale pumping could quickly exhaust the freshwater lens, and saline water could be rapidly drawn though the porous limestone aquifer. Water-quality data indicate that the lens is an unlikely source of potable water.

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USGS1990

A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida

The leakage characteristics of channels that partially penetrate the Biscayne aquifer and have reduced bed permeability were studied. Leakage characteristics were described in terms of a reach transmissivity-defined as the volume flow rate out of the channel per unit length of the channel per unit drawdown, where drawdown is defined as the difference in altitude between the water surface in the canal and the water table in the adjacent aquifer. A theoretical expression was developed to relate the reach transmissivity to the transmissivity of the formation, mean channel width, distance of drawdown measurement from the channel centerline, ratio of drawdowns on both sides of the channel, and local reach transmissivity associated with reduced bed permeability. This theoretical expression was verified using a fine-scale numerical model, which gave accurate results when drawdowns were measured beyond 10 aquifer depths from the side of the channel. Using the theoretical formulation, it is shown that the reach transmissivity employed in regional ground-water models, which are based on average drawdowns within a cell, depends on the size of the cell as well as the transmissivity of the formation, channel width, and local reach transmissivity due to reduced bed permeability. The theoretical reach transmissivity function was compared with field measurements at L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal in Dade County, Florida. Analyses of the data for both canals showed good agreement between the estimated and measured reach transmissivities. At L- 31N Canal, field measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was relatively uniform over a 2-mile reach of the channel (averaging 630 cubic feet per second per mile per foot), and the formation transmissivity was 1.8 x106 feet squared per day. At Snapper Creek Extension Canal, an approximate analysis was necessary due to the inability of the acoustic velocity meter to measure very low water velocities in the channel. Assuming an aquifer transmissivity of 1 x 106 feet squared per day, drawdown measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was about 400 cubic feet per second per mile per foot. The theoretical relation, combined with the local reach transmissivity and formation transmissivity, was sufficient to predict the leakage out of L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal for any drawdown scenario.

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