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R. Lawrence Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to R. Lawrence Phillips.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

The Washington and Oregon mid-shelf silt deposit and its relation to the late Holocene Columbia River sediment budget

The purpose of this report is to compile and analyze existing data which lend support to the development of a sediment budget for the Columbia River, coastal, and offshore regions of southwest Washington. This will contribute to the construction of a sediment budget model which will reflect sediment sources, depocenters, and the sediment contribution to each region. The Columbia River is the source of modern sediment for the beaches of southwest Washington. Development of the sediment budget is necessary to understand the long term effects that reduction in sediment supply has on present day areas of sediment erosion and accumulation in the region. Figure 1 describes the origin, distribution, and thickness of the Mid-Shelf Silt Deposit (MSSD) based on analysis of seismic data acquired between 1976-1980 (Wolf et al., 1997). Sediment volumes deposited during the past 5000 years were calculated for each of the physiographic areal compartments shown in Figure 2. Table 1 organizes the data from Figures 1 and 2 into tabular form. This table provides a representation of the percent volume and weight of sediment types which contribute to the estimated Columbia River sediment budget. The compartments shown in Figure 2 are color coordinated with Table 1.

California;Oregon;Washington↗

Late Miocene (Santa Margarita Sandstone) shallow marine clastics

The Santa Margarita Sandstone of late middle and early late Miocene age is located in the western Santa Cruz Mountains of central California. It represents a marine, tide-dominated, transgressive deposit which, during the early stage of the marine transgression formed a seaway connection between the Pacific Ocean and the interior San Joaquin basin to the east. The strong tidal current flow which developed as a result of this setting caused the deposition and preservation of large-scale, essentially unidirectional cross-bedded sets of shelf sand and gravel. During this field trip 3 quarry exposures within Scotts Valley (figure 1 and 2) located near the central part of the seaway deposits will be examined observing both lateral and vertical facies relationships as well as textural variations preserved within the Santa Margarita Sandstone. On the last stop, stop 4, located to the west within the seaway deposits both lateral facies relationships in relation to the previous stops will be observed and discussed as well as examine petroleum-saturated sandstones.

Report↗

Marine sediment sample preparation for analysis for low concentrations of fine detrital gold

Analyses by atomic absorption for detrital gold in more than 2,000 beach, offshore, marine-terrace, and alluvial sands from southern Oregon have shown that the values determined from raw or unconcentrated sediment containing small amounts of gold are neither reproducible nor representative of the initial sample. This difficulty results from a 'particle sparsity effect', whereby the analysis for gold in a given sample depends more upon the occurrence of random flakes of gold in the analyzed portion than upon the actual gold content of the sample. The particle sparsity effect can largely be eliminated by preparing a gold concentrate prior to analysis. A combination of sieve, gravimetric, and magnetic separation produces a satisfactory concentrate that yields accurate and reproducible analyses. In concentrates of nearly every marine and beach sand studied, the gold occurs in the nonmagnetic fraction smaller than 0.124 mm and with a specific gravity greater than 3.3. The grain size of gold in stream sediments is somewhat more variable. Analysis of concentrates provides a means of greatly increasing the sensitivity of the analytical technique in relation to the initial sample. Gold rarely exceeds 1 part per million in even the richest black sand analyzed; to establish the distribution of gold (and platinum) in marine sediments and its relationship to source and environmental factors, one commonly needs to know their content to the part per billion range. Analysis of a concentrate and recalculation to the value in the initial sample permits this degree of sensitivity.

Circular↗