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Penn Livingston

Publications and source records attributed to Penn Livingston.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

Value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the ground water

This paper gives a brief summary of studies of the value of the electrical log for estimating ground‐water supplies and the quality of the water in them made in Texas by the United States Geological Survey and cooperating parties. The electrical log has been found to be especially valuable in the Coastal Plain Region of Texas where the rocks consist mostly of a succession of clays or shales or sandy clays or shales lnterbedded with sands or sandstones. In that region the electrical log has been found to be more useful than the driller's log for correlating the principal water‐bearing horizons over wide areas. The log by itself is not an indicator of the permeability of the water‐bearing beds, nor a safe guide as to the quality of the water in them, but if it is studied in connection with other data, it is sure to tell an interesting and instructive story. Thus far in Texas no extensive studies have been made of the value of the electrical log in limestone aquifers or in sand or sandstone aquifers associated with limestone.

Texas↗

Water resources of the Edwards limestone in the San Antonio area, Texas

The water discharged from the large springs of San Antonio and most of the deep wells of the San Antonio area comes from a common reservoir in fissures and solution channels in the Edwards limestone. The water enters the limestone in a zone of outcrop along the Balcones escarpment, which crosses the northern parts of Bexar and Medina Counties and extends a long distance both to the east and west of these counties. It is estimated that the combined annual losses into the limestone from the Medina, Prio, Dry Prio, Nueces, and Sabinal Rivers and Hondo Creek may average as much as 150,000 acre-feet a year, the equivalent of a continuous flow of about 134,000,000 gallons a day. Smaller streams also contribute to the underground reservoir, and additional recharge is provided from rainfall on the outcrop of the limestone by direct penetration and by seepage from innumerable storm-water channels.

Water Supply Paper↗