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Lori A. Redell

Publications and source records attributed to Lori A. Redell.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2011

Ontogenetic and diel variation in stream habitat use by brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) in a headwater stream

Although considerable information exists on habitat use by stream salmonids, only a small portion has quantitatively examined diurnal and nocturnal habitat variation. We examined diel variation in habitat use by age-0 and age-1+ brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) during summer and autumn in a headwater stream in northern Pennsylvania. Habitat variables measured included cover, depth, substrate, and velocity. The most pronounced diel variation occurred in the use of cover during both seasons. Both age-0 brook trout and age-1+ trout were associated with less cover at night. Age-0 brook trout occupied swifter water during the day than at night during both seasons, but the difference was not significant. Increased cover, depth, and substrate size governed the habitat of age-1+ brook trout. Our findings support the need for a better understanding of diel differences in habitat use of stream salmonids when considering habitat enhancement and protection.

Journal of Freshwater Ecology↗
USGS2009

Biology of the caddisfly oligostomis ocelligera (Trichoptera: Phryganeidae) inhabiting acidic mine drainage in Pennsylvania

Oligostomis ocelligera (a phryganeid caddisfly) is reported for the first time from a degraded lotic systema first-order stream in north-central Pennsylvania that was severely impacted by acid mine drainage. Although uncommonly collected and poorly known, O. ocelligera maintained a substantial population in the mine discharge, free of competition from Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and other species of Trichoptera. It thrived under conditions of very low pH (2.583.13), high concentrations of sulfate (542 mg/L) and heavy metals (Fe 12 mg/L, Mn 14 mg/L, Al 16 mg/L), and a nearly uniform springbrook-like temperature regime. More than 350 larvae were collected from deposits of leaves and woody detritus in a pool 0.32 km downstream from the mine entrance over a two-year period. Measurement of head-capsule widths yielded a multimodal distribution with five peaks, corresponding to five instars, in conformity with Dyar's Law. Eighty-three egg masses were observed along the stream channel from 3 June to 12 November at a mean distance of 6.1 cm above the water surface in moist, protected locations such as under moss mats or in crevices of logs. Eggs began hatching by mid-summer, first-instar larvae were present in samples from AugustOctober, all five instars were represented in October, instars IIV were still present in December, but only instars IV and V were represented in samples collected from March to July. The extended periods of oviposition and larval recruitment, together with a remarkably protracted flight period of six months (29 April30 October), led to the conclusion that the population of O. ocelligera at the mine site exhibited an asynchronous univoltine life cycle. Measurement of the width of the anterior border of the frontoclypeal apotome confirmed Wiggins' proposal that this metric is useful for distinguishing final instar larvae of O. ocelligera from its only Nearctic congener, O. pardalis. Occupied pupal cases were found embedded in sodden logs from 8 April to 10 June. Pupae had mandibles reduced to membranous lobes. A silken mesh closing the anterior end case of the pupal case is reported for the first time in O. ocelligera, representing the third evolutionary reversal for this behavioral character in the phylogeny of phryganeid genera proposed by Wiggins. Adults exhibited only diurnal flight, and were absent from light traps deployed on five nights. Females displayed more cryptic behavior, and their wing pattern was distinctly duller in color than males.

Northeastern Naturalist↗
USGS2004

Mesohabitat use of threatened hemlock forests by breeding birds of the Delaware River basin in northeastern United States

Avian biodiversity may be at risk in eastern parks and forests due to continued expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic homopteran insect native to East Asia. To assess avian biodiversity, mesohabitat relations, and the risk of species loss with declining hemlock forests in Appalachian park lands, 80 randomly distributed fixed-radius plots were established in which territories of breeding birds were estimated on four forest-terrain types (hemlock and hardwood benches and ravines) in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Both species richness and number of territories were higher in hardwood than hemlock forest types and in bench than ravine terrain types. Four insectivorous species, Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), and Blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca), showed high affinity for hemlock forest type and exhibited significantly greater numbers of territories in hemlock than hardwood sites. These species are hemlock-associated species at risk from continued hemlock decline in the Delaware River valley and similar forests of the mid-Atlantic east slope. Two of these species, the blue-headed vireo and Blackburnian warbler, appeared to specialize on ravine mesohabitats of hemlock stands, the vireo a low-to-mid canopy species, the warbler a mid-to-upper canopy forager. Unchecked expansion of the exotic adelgid and subsequent hemlock decline could negatively impact 3,600 pairs from the park and several million pairs from northeastern United States hemlock forests due to elimination of preferred habitat.

New Jersey, Pennsylvania↗
USGS2001

Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on the physiology and behavior of fish artificial streams

A new technology for treating waters contaminated with acid mine drainage involves the dissolution of limestone particles using carbon dioxide at pressures above ambient. Because of the fish health risks associated with episodes of high carbon dioxide levels in treated waters, we subjected three species of fish, brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ), and blacknose dace ( Rhinichthys atratulus ), to 24 h exposures of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at three levels, ranging from 1.0 (low) to 6.3 (high)%, under laboratory conditions. We measured blood physiological variables as well as behavior, including feeding responses, before, during, and after exposure. Physiological responses differed by species, but all species had elevated hematocrits after 1 h of exposure. Brook trout hematocrits were higher at medium and high levels of CO 2 than in a control group (0.0% CO 2 ) after 24 h of exposure. Slimy sculpin hematocrits were higher in medium- and high-level exposure groups than in controls after 1 h, but not after 24 h, of exposure. Blacknose dace hematocrits were higher in all three exposure groups than in controls after 1 h but only in medium-level exposure groups after 24 h. Brook trout plasma glucose was significantly higher in medium- and high-level exposure groups after 1 h, and in the high-level group after 24 h, than in controls. Slimy sculpin plasma glucose was not significantly different in elevated CO 2 exposure groups from that of controls throughout exposure. Branchial ventilation was significantly greater in all species at elevated CO 2 during exposure, indicating stress; however, no difference was observed between treatment and control groups of blacknose dace after 24 h, indicating acclimation. Pectoral fin beats and cough rates were not consistently related to CO 2 exposure throughout the study. Brook trout had the longest lasting reaction to stress at lower levels of CO 2 among the three species tested. Many of the 11 observed behavioral variables, related to swimming, feeding, social, and illness factors, were affected by elevations of dissolved CO 2 . Two to seven behavioral variables (18–64% of those measured) were affected by treatment level of dissolved CO 2 with a trend by species for the number of variables affected: brook trout>blacknose dace>slimy sculpin. However, behavioral sensitivity to treatment level was greatest in blacknose dace. Recovery to pre-treatment activity rates for most behavior patterns (including feeding) was observed 24 h after cessation of exposure in all three species. Recovery was independent of treatment level, was most rapid in blacknose dace, and was slowest in brook trout. Overall, slimy sculpin was least affected behaviorally by elevated CO 2 . Although all three species showed stress response and changes in behavior at moderate levels of CO 2 (≥2%), brook trout and blacknose dace showed evidence of ability to avoid harmful CO 2 levels by swimming out of affected waters, whereas the slimy sculpin showed minimal behavioral changes despite remaining in place during exposure. Thus, predation risk and other sources of mortality seem minimal in the event of technological malfunction at a stream treatment site involving the use of CO 2 under pressure.

Environmental Toxicology↗
USGS2001

The use of outdoor freshwater pond microcosms. III. Responses of phytoplankton and periphyton to pyridaben

An outdoor freshwater microcosm study was conducted in which pyridaben, an insecticide-miticide, was directly applied to water to determine its biological effects on phytoplankton and periphyton. Twenty-four microcosms (24 m3 each) were monitored for 11 months, then four treatments of pyridaben were applied two times at three concentrations (0.34, 34.0 ??g/L), including an untreated control. The succession of algal groups observed and the major genera found in microcosms during the baseline phase of the study were typical of oligo-mesotrophic systems in Florida. Following application of pyridaben, the most remarkable effect was a positive correlation of phytoplankton abundance with pyridaben concentrations in water; indicating increased abundance as a result of exposure. Both Chlorophyta and Pyrrophyta exhibited a significant increase (p=0.05) in population abundance at 3.4 and 34.0 ??g/L pyridaben. Chrysophyta also elicited a trend of increased abundance at 34.0 ??g/L, although the effect was not significant. The effects on phytoplankton populations were associated with the decline of zooplankton populations as a result of a direct effect of pyridaben exposure. There were no effects of pyridaben on periphyton communities or on functional endpoints. ?? 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Environmental Toxicology↗
USGS1993

Growth, survival and food conversion of Atlantic salmon reared at four different densities with common water quality

Our objective was to determine the maximum effective rearing density for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) at 17.5°C, a temperature typically used in hatcheries to accelerate growth. We reared 5.8‐g (mean weight) parr for 80 d to final rearing densities of 14–55 kg/m 2 (rearing unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m 3 (rearing unit volume). Weight gain was slightly depressed in fish at a final rearing density of 26 kg/m 2 (146 kg/m 3 ), but mortality, food conversion, and gain in length were not affected. At densities greater than 26 kg/m 2 , fish growth was slower and food conversion was higher, but mortality was unaffected. Atlantic salmon may be reared at 17.5°C to densities of at least 14 kg/m 2 (80 kg/m 3 ) without adverse effects on growth and health, but final rearing densities should not exceed 26 kg/m 2 .

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗
USGS1993

Fin condition of Atlantic salmon reared at high densities in heated water

We assessed the condition of dorsal and pectoral fins of parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that were reared for 70 d at 17.5°C to final densities of 14–55 kg/M 2 (rearing-unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m 3 (rearing-unit volume). Pectoral fins were not significantly affected by rearing density, but dorsal fins were more eroded in fish reared at the highest density than in fish checked before the rearing experiments or in those reared at lower densities. Densities as great as 41 kg/m 2 (229 kg/m 3 ) did not affect fin quality of Atlantic salmon reared at 17.5°C.

Journal of Aquatic Animal Health↗
USGS1993

Volitional migration of Atlantic salmon from seasonal holding ponds

For 5 years we used seawater tolerance tests (seawater challenges) to identify smolts, and tunnel fish counters to record the time of migration, of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that volitionally left holding ponds on the Merrimack River near Litchfield, New Hampshire. We compared timing of Atlantic salmon movements with environmental conditions and blood composition of migrating and nonmigrating fish. None of the pan from the Nashua National Fish Hatchery (NFH) tested in seawater in 1984–1986 and from the North Attleboro NFH tested in 1987–1988 smoltified in the ponds. Yet, smolts were seemingly produced because 50 of 135 Atlantic salmon with radio transmitters from these ponds were traced to the ocean, and 9 of the 20,680 Atlantic salmon marked in 1984 from Litchfield subsequently returned to spawn. In all years except 1987, we forced Atlantic salmon out of the ponds by mid‐May because of high water temperatures. In 1987, all Atlantic salmon from the North Attleboro NFH left the smolt‐holding ponds by April 10. Only 25% of these fish that were caught in the river passed a seawater tolerance test. In 1988, seawater tolerance tests revealed that salmon held at the North Attleboro NFH smoltified in May after fish in the Litchfield ponds had either been forced out or emigrated. Rearing at a constant temperature in the hatchery may have delayed the time of smoltification. Peak migrations were associated with periods of sustained rising temperatures, river flow, and turbidity. Volitional migration occurred before smoltification was detectable and may be the best predictor of smoltification's early stages.

New Hampshire↗
USGS1992

Notes: Differences in stocks of American shad from the Columbia and Delaware rivers

American shad Alosa sapidissima from the Columbia River on the Pacific coast and the Delaware River on the Atlantic coast were reared from 3 June to 24 October 1986 in two adjacent hypalon‐lined ponds. Although fish from the Columbia River were introduced into ponds 29 d after those from the Delaware River, they grew significantly faster and attained a greater final weight. Fish from the Columbia River also had lower mortalities at all test salinities and temperatures than fish from the Delaware River. Electrophoresis revealed allelic differences between the two stocks at one locus (creatine kinase). We conclude that the two stocks of American shad are sufficiently different so that managers should not introduce them to different river systems without careful consideration.

Columbia River, Delaware River↗
USGS1988

Lack of dietary effects on the timing of smoltification in Atlantic salmon

Six commercially available diets varying in lipid, protein, water, ash, and carbohydrate contents were fed to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) for 2 years to determine if diet affected smoltification. Each month, from March to September of the second year, sampled fish were exposed to 33‰ seawater for 24 h to determine smolt readiness, defined as the ability to maintain water and salt balance in a seawater challenge. Regardless of diet, Atlantic salmon were able to regulate plasma sodium and chloride ions (smoltify) only during early May. It is unlikely that hatchery managers could effectively use high‐energy diets to control the time of smoltification in Atlantic salmon.

Progressive Fish-Culturist↗