Safe pre-release disease treatment with formalin for fall chinook salmon smolts
Standard formalin treatment (167 μL/L for 1 h) applied to presmolts and smolts of fall chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) 80, 62, 52, 38, 24, and 10 d prior to seawater exposure did not affect freshwater growth or survival during a 20-d period in seawater. There was no consistent effect of treatment on gill Na + , K + -ATPase activity.
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