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L.D. Carswell

Publications and source records attributed to L.D. Carswell.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1981

Sample mine-site permit application (hydrologic assessment)

Hydrologic data are presented that may be useful in the permitapplication procedure required under current Office of Surface Mining regulations. The material is presented in a format which may serve as a guide for subsequent permit applications. Data on the quality and quantity of surface water and ground water for the mine plan, adjacent, and general areas are presented. The data are presented in three general categories: measured and estimated current conditions, estimated annual variations, and predicted effects of mining and reclamation. Current surface-water, ground-water, and biological conditions are the easiest to define. Seasonal variations in surface-water flow can be estimated with some confidence, but seasonal variations in surface-water quality, biological quality, and ground-water levels and quality are difficult to estimate with the insufficient field data available. The effects of mining and reclamation cannot be predicted through the use of the scant data collected and current predictive tools.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1976

Summary of geology and ground-water resources of Passaic County, New Jersey

Ground water in Passaic County occurs in intergranular openings of unconsolidated stratified deposits of Quaternary age and in joints and fractures in consolidated rocks of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Triassic age. The Brunswick Formation of Triassic age is the most important aquifer in the southeastern one-third of Passaic County. Reported yields of public supply and industrial wells range from 50 to 510 gallons per minute (3 to 32 litres per second) and the median yield is 130 gallons per minute (8 litres per second). Most of these wells are 200 to 400 feet (61 to 122 metres) deep. The median yield of all public supply and industrial wells over 300 feet (91 metres) deep and 8 inches (203 millimetres) or larger in diameter is 230 gallons per minute (15 litres per second). Crystalline rocks of Precambrian age are the major source of ground water for domestic use in the northwestern two-thirds of Passaic County. Reported well yields range from 1 to 200 gallons per minute (.06 to 13 litres per second). The median reported yield of domestic wells is 5 gallons per minute (.31 litres per second) and that of public supply wells is 30 gallons per minute (2 litres per second). Other consolidated rocks--rocks of Paleozoic age and the Watchung Basalt of Traissic age--are utilized primarily for domestic water supplies in Passaic County. Reported yields of wells tapping the Paleozoic rocks range from less than 1 to 35 gallons per minute (.06 to 2 litres per second) and the median yield is 10 gallons per minute (.63 litres per second). Reported yields of domestic wells tapping the Watchung Basalt range from less than 1 to 40 gallons per minute (.06 to 3 litres per second) and the median yield is 12 gallons per minute (.76 litres per second). However, reported yields of nine industrial and commercial wells range from 50 to 180 gallons per minute (3 to 11 litres per second). Unconsolidated stratified deposits of Quaternary age are locally an important source of ground water for public supply and industrial use in parts of Passaic County. These deposits have not been extensively explored but are potentially an important source of ground water for future development. Reported yields of wells tapping the stratified deposits range from 4 to 920 gallons per minute (.25 to 58 litres per second). The median reported yield of domestic wells is 16 gallons per minute (1 litre per second) and that of public supply and industrial wells is 130 gallons per minute (8 litres per second. Depths of wells depend upon the thickness of the deposits. Reported depths range from 22 to 170 feet (7 to 52 metres). The quality of ground water in Passaic County varies from one aquifer to another. Water from the Precambrian rocks is soft to moderately hard (34 to 104 milligrams per litre) and is low in dissolved solids (66 to 159 milligrams per litre). Water from the Brunswick Formation is moderately hard to very hard (89 to 540 milligrams per litre). The dissolved solids content ranges from 129 to 563 milligrams per litre). The occurrence of more highly mineralized water at depth in the Brunswick Formation is indicated by an analysis, made in 1885, of 16,000 milligrams per litre of dissolved solids at a depth of 2,050 feet (625 metres) in a well in Paterson. Water from two wells tapping the Quaternary deposits is moderately hard (65 and 83 milligrams per litre) and has dissolved solids contents of 122 and 133 milligrams per litre). Water use from both surface and ground-water supplies in Passaic County averaged about 106 million gallons per day (4.6 cubic metres per second) in 1965. Ground water probably accounts for 5 to 10 percent of this total. Ground-water pumpage by the major public supply companies in the county has increased from 2.1 million gallons per day (.09 cubic metres per second) in 1951 to 4.39 million gallons per day (.19 cubic metres per second) in 1968. About 80 percent of the 4.39 million gallons per day (.19 cubic metres per second) was from wells tapping the Brunswick Formation in the southern part of the county.

New Jersey↗
USGS1955

Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria formation 1953 and 1954

Since 1947, the U.S. Geological Survey has measured and sampled phosphatic parts of the Permian Phosphoria formation and its partial stratigraphic correlatives at many localities in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. Preliminary data on the thickness of the beds and their composition at localities sampled prior to 1952 have been issued already in TEI-183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 375, 376, 377, and 378. This report presents similar data on the localitites sampled in 1953 and 1954 (figs. 1, 2, and 3). The field and laboratory procedures adopted in these investigations are described in a previous report (McKelvey and others 1953a).

Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming↗
USGS1953

Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria formation measured and sampled in 1952

A series of reports presenting detailed stratigraphic sections and analyses of samples of the Phosphoria formation in the western phosphate field is being prepared for publication as U. S. Geological Survey Circulars. To speed the availability of these data to industry and others having immediate need for such basic information, many of the tables already typed and photographed were reproduced without text and placed on open file in advance of publication. This includes six reports of data gathered during the 1947 and 1948 field seasons.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1953

Stratigraphic sections of the Phosphoria formation in Wyoming, 1952

The U.S. Geological Survey has measured and sampled the Phosphoria formation of Permian age at many localities in Wyoming and adjacent states. These data will not be fully synthesized for many years, but segments of the data, accompanied by little or no interpretation, are published as preliminary reports as they are assembled. This report, which contains abstracts of the sections measured in western Wyoming (fig. 1), during 1952, is the fourth Wyoming report of this series. The field and laboratory procedures adopted in these investigations are described rather fully in a previous report (McKelvey and others, 1953a). Many people have taken part in this investigation. T. M. Cheney participated in the description of strata and the collection of samples referred to in this report and T. K. Rigby assisted in the collection of samples. The laboratory preparation of samples for chemical analysis was done in Denver, Colo., under the direction of W. P. Huleatt.

Wyoming↗