Cassiterite occurrences in the Shelby area, North and South Carolina
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Geology topics
Publications and source records attributed to Jesse W. Whitlow.
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Mining and smelting of iron ore in Alabama, northwestern Georgia, and eastern Tennessee date almost to Revolutionary War days, bus substantial production in the Southeast was not attained until after 1850. Numerous furnaces were erected int the region, especially in and near Birmingham, Ala., which is still the principal iron and steel-making center of the area. Locally mined iron ores formed the principal feed of the furnaces, and much of the ore was mined from red beds of Silurian age. These red beds are an abundant resource of iron ore, and they account for a large part of the total production in the Southeastern United States. Exhaustion of near-surface ores, which was easily mined and the best grade, combined with improved transportation and economies of large-scale operations elsewhere, forced most of the furnaces to shut down (Edpt. of the Interior, 1959, production statistics and tables 4-9). Geological studies have determined the lithology and approximate extent of the red iron ores of Silurian age in the Southeast. Detailed investigations have been made by private companies and government agencies. Most of this work has been in the Birmingham, Ala., district, and the remainder of the region has relatively little study in recent years.
A detailed geologic study was begun in 1951 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey to appraise the potentialities of the Iowa part of the Wisconsin-Illinois-Iowa zinc-lead district for (1) zinc ore in rock strata that contain pitch-and-flat zinc ore bodies elsewhere in the mining district and (2) joint-controlled lead and zinc ore like that mined extensively during the 19th century in Dubuque County, Iowa. This investigation is an outgrowth of a geologic study of the entire district, begun in 1942 by the U.S. Geological Survey.
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