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Geology topics

J. L. Allen

Publications and source records attributed to J. L. Allen.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
USGS1986

Persistence of rotenone in ponds at different temperatures

Two ponds were treated with liquid rotenone (5% rotenone), one with 3 mg/L at 24°C and the other with 2 mg/L at 0°C (concentrations of active rotenone were 0.15 and 0.10 mg/L, respectively). Water samples were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of rotenone declined to 0.02 mg/L in 48 h in warm water and in 11 d in cold water. The half-life of rotenone was calculated at 13.9 h in warm water and 83.9 h in cold water.

North American Journal of Fisheries Management↗
USGS1986

Loss of lampricides by adsorption on bottom sediments

Problems have been encountered in maintaining effective concentrations of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 5,2a??-dichloro-4a??-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) during treatments of certain Great Lakes tributaries. Concentrations of Bayer 73 decreased by more than 80% in a portion of the Ford River, Michigan, during treatment in 1980. Adsorption of Bayer 73 on sediments was hypothesized as the primary mechanism of this excessive loss. Subsequent laboratory studies demonstrated that lampricides are adsorbed by silt-type sediments that are high in organic content, including those collected from the treated portion of the Ford River. Un-ionized lampricides (acidic solution) were more readily adsorbed than ionized forms (basic solution). Adsorption onto sediments was proportionally greater, and desorption proportionally less, for Bayer 73 than for TFM. When Ford River sediments were mixed with lampricide-free water, less than 10% of the adsorbed Bayer 73, but more than 60% of the TFM, was released. The extensive adsorption of the lampricides (especially Bayer 73) from solution by silt-type sediments explains much of the loss of effective concentrations in certain streams.

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences↗
USGS1983

Rapid method for measuring rotenone in water at piscicidal concentrations

A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure that is rapid, specific, and sensitive (limit of detection <0.005 mg/liter) was developed for monitoring application and degradation rates of rotenone. For analysis, a water sample is buffered to pH 5 and injected through a Sep Pak(R) C 18 disposable cartridge. The cartridge adsorbs and retains the rotenone which then can be eluted quantitatively from the cartridge with a small volume of methanol. This step effectively concentrates the sample and provides sample cleanup. The methanol extract is analyzed directly by HPLC on an MCH 10 reverse‐phase column; methanol: Water (75:25, volume : Volume) is the mobile phase and flow rate is 1.5 ml/minute. The rotenone is detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 295 nm.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society↗
USGS1979

Excretion of the lampricide Bayer 73 by rainbow trout

Urinary excretion of the 2-aminoethanol salt of 2′, 5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) in rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) was measured after exposure of the trout to Bayer 73 and also after intraperitoneal (ip) injection of the lampricide. Fish exposed to 0.05 mg/litre of Bayer 73 for 12 h quickly began to excrete residues in the urine. The largest amount of Bayer 73 was excreted during the 12-h exposure, but the trout continued to excrete Bayer 73 beyond 60 h after exposure. After rainbow trout were given ip injections of 200 µ g of Bayer 73 in corn oil, they excreted up to 25 percent of the injected dose in the urine, and 20 percent was recovered in the bile at the end of the study. In both groups of fish most of the renal excretion of Bayer 73 was as the glucuronide conjugate. The exposure of rainbow trout to Bayer 73 at the doses studied had no effect on the urine output or on the renal excretion of sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), and chloride (Cl - ).

Conference Paper↗
USGS1978

Rapid method for determining concentrations of Bayer 73 in water during lampricide treatments

Two simple, rapid, sensitive methods were developed for determining the concentration of the lampricide 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (Bayer 73) in stream water. Bayer 73 was extracted from acidified water samples with chloroform and then hydrolyzed to 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (CNA) with either acid or base. The CNA was diazotized with sodium nitrite, and an azo dye was formed with either N -( 1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (after acid hydrolysis) or 1-naphthol (after base hydrolysis). There was no interference from the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in either method. Standard curves were prepared with untreated water to compensate for interfering substances that occurred naturally in some streams. The methods were sensitive to about 0.005 mg/L (ppm). Time required for analysis of a sample ranged from 25 min to 1 h.

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada↗
USGS1975

Residue dynamics of quinaldine and TFM in rainbow trout

Study of the residue dynamics of 2-methylquinoline (quinaldine) and 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in rainbow trout yielded the following findings: 1. Uptake and distribution of TFM by trout was influenced by the biotransformation of the lipidsoluble free phenol. No such effect was observed with quinaldine. 2. Disappearance of quinaldine and TFM from gallbladder bile was slower than from plasma or muscle during 24 hr of withdrawal in fresh water. 3. The concentration of TFM conjugate may exceed that of free TFM in bile by a factor of 10 3 .

General Pharmacology↗
USGS1971

The influence of pH on the efficacy and residues of quinaldine

Quinaldine, an anesthetic for fish, loses its effectiveness in solutions having pH values less than 6. Measured quantities of un‐ionized quinaldine in solution compared favorably with calculated values at selected pHˈs. Quinaldine residues in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) anesthetized at various pHˈs verify that only the un‐ionized portion in solution enters the fish. Quinaldine residues in fish and un‐ionized quinaldine in solution were measured by gas chromatography.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society↗